Business Administration إدارة الاعمال

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An Evaluation of the Competitiveness of the Palestinian Olivewood Industry in Bethlehem Governorate
(Al-Quds University, 2019-08-26) Suhair Abdallah Elias Ishaq; سهير عبد الله إلياس اسحق
Olivewood carving is one of the most vital Palestinian handicrafts with the most significant profit margin. Bethlehem, Beit Jala, and Beit Sahour are the primary three cities famous in the governorate are specialized in producing and designing olivewood carving products. The olivewood industry is part of the Palestinian handicraft sector. It is also part of the tourism sector. Therefore, changes in the tourism sector translate directly into the handicraft sector. As such, unstable political situations affect the olivewood industry negatively. In order to enhance development and sustainability, it is essential that the olivewood workshops must increase the cooperation between them and with other stakeholders in the industry. Based on Porter‘s theory of competitive advantage, the main determinants of competitive advantage are; factor conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, firm strategy, structure, and rivalry, chance and the role of the government. The main objective of the study is to increase the understanding of the determinants of the competitiveness of the olivewood industry by applying Porter‘s diamond model to specify other factors than those suggested in the diamond model that could influence the competitiveness of the olivewood industry. The research followed a descriptive survey approach. An in-depth interviews and structured questionnaire were utilized to gather data. The questionnaire targeted 110 owners of olivewood workshops in Bethlehem governorate. The questions were organized to achieve the objectives of the research. The results obtained from the survey were iv summarized, and results were analyzed using the descriptive analysis. Percentages and trends were displayed in tables. To measure the spread of the data over the sample population, mean scores and standard deviations were calculated. Correlation coefficients between indicators of innovation and attributes of the diamond were calculated to analyze the magnitudes of the relationship between them. The study revealed that although olivewood industry has stable factor conditions, steady local demand under unstable political conditions, artisan‘s attempts to develop and innovate. However, they are not sufficient for deriving and sustaining competitive advantage in the domestic and international markets. Based on the diamond model, a primary recommendation that could alleviate weaknesses related to marketing, competition, capacity building, quality and price control, and other issues is to establish an effective and powerful institution that can lead and improve the olive wood industry. Besides, an increase of the cooperation among stakeholders in the olivewood industry, directing the government policies, would attract investments, in the olivewood cluster.
Availability of factors influencing customers satisfaction and their effect with the services in Palestinian Islamic banks in Ramallah
(Al-Quds University, 2021-10-09) Sara Fares Sadi Hassouneh; سارة فارس سعدي حسونة
The aim of this study is to identify the Availability of factors influencing customers satisfaction and their effect on customers satisfaction in Palestinian Islamic banks in Ramallah.Themain objectivesofthisstudyare to know the effect of factors: social and physical environment, customer expectations, customer feedback, E- banking services, and customer behavior, on customer satisfaction in Palestinian Islamic banks in Ramallah. Around 302 customerswill be sampled from 3 Islamic banks based in Ramallah city. The sample consist of 302 Islamic bankcustomers.Asurveydesign approach will be establishing (held), questionnairesemployedfordatacollection.Data collected from questionnaire will be analyzed through SPSS statistical program, by showing the relationships between dependent and independent variables will held by regression, t-tests, one-way a nova and correlation analysis. Social& physical environment, customer expectations, customer feedback, E-Banking, customer behavior (independent variables) will be discussed to find how correlated to customer satisfaction (dependent variable) which hope that significantly will lead to results and recommendations for banks managers strategies for customer satisfaction. The study will show the degree Palestinian Islamic banks needto be ensurepunctuality inservicedeliverytobeastrongpredictorofcustomersatisfaction. The results of the study showed a strong direct relationship between the total degree of factors represented in (social and physical environment, customer expectations, customer feedback, customer behavior, and E-Banking) and the overall degree of customer satisfaction with the services provided by Palestinian Islamic banks. The main recommendation Palestinian Islamic banks should set policies and plans that maintain the levels of the physical and social environment, customer expectations, customer behavior, customer feedback, and the reality of the E-Bank, as these factors have a significant and strong impact on customer satisfaction Keyword:Customer satisfaction measurement, customers involvement, Islamic banks, Islamic banking, customer loyalty, Customer Feedback, Customer behavior, Customer expectations. هذه الدراسة تهدف إلى التعرف على مدى توفر العوامل المؤثرة في رضا العملاء وتأثيرها على رضا العملاء في البنوك الإسلامية الفلسطينية في رام الله. هذه الدراسة تتمثل الأهداف الرئيسية لهذه الدراسة في معرفة تأثير العوامل: البيئة الاجتماعية والمادية وتوقعات العملاء، وملاحظات العملاء، والخدمات المصرفية الإلكترونية، وسلوك العملاء، على رضا العملاء في البنوك الإسلامية الفلسطينية في رام الله. سيتم أخذ عينة حوالي 302 عميل من 3 بنوك إسلامية مقرها مدينة رام الله. تتكون العينة من 302 عميل مصرف إسلامي. سيتم إنشاء نهج تصميم المسح (عقد)، واستخدام الاستبيانات لجمع البيانات. سيتم تحليل البيانات التي تم جمعها من الاستبيان من خلال البرنامج الإحصائي SPSS، من خلال إظهار العلاقات بين المتغيرات التابعة والمستقلة التي سيتم الاحتفاظ بها من خلال الانحدار، وt-test، ولتحليل الارتباط. ستتم مناقشة البيئة الاجتماعية والمادية، وتوقعات العملاء، وتعليقات العملاء، والخدمات المصرفية الإلكترونية، وسلوك العملاء (المتغيرات المستقلة) لمعرفة مدى ارتباطها برضا العملاء (متغير تابع) والتي تأمل أن تؤدي بشكل كبير إلى نتائج وتوصيات لاستراتيجيات مديري البنوك للعملاء. هذه الدراسة ستظهر الدراسة إلى أي درجة تحتاج البنوك الإسلامية الفلسطينية إلى ضمان الالتزام بالمواعيد في تقديم الخدمات لتكون مؤشرًا قويًا على رضا العملاء. حيث ان نتائج الدراسة أظهرت علاقة مباشرة قوية بين الدرجة الإجمالية للعوامل الممثلة في (البيئة الاجتماعية والمادية، وتوقعات العملاء، وملاحظات العملاء، وسلوك العملاء، والخدمات المصرفية الإلكترونية) والدرجة الكلية لرضا العملاء عن الخدمات التي تقدمها. البنوك الإسلامية الفلسطينية. التوصية الرئيسية يجب على البنوك الإسلامية الفلسطينية وضع سياسات وخطط تحافظ على مستويات البيئة المادية والاجتماعية، وتوقعات العملاء، وسلوك العملاء، وتعليقات العملاء، وواقع البنك الإلكتروني، حيث أن هذه العوامل لها تأثير كبير وقوي على رضا العملاء.
Consumer Attitudes Towards Counterfeit Goods: The Case of Clothes in Bethlehem Governorate
(Al-Quds university, 2022-08-10) Qais Mohammed Khalil Al-lahham; قيس محمد خليل اللحام
This study sheds light on the factors that influence the behavior of Palestinian consumers of the counterfeit clothes based on an analysis of a case-study in Bethlehem Governorate. Due to the unprecedented large scale spread of counterfeit clothes, the study aims to identify the economic, social and personal factors that greatly impact the decision of consumers to purchase counterfeit clothes. Moreover, this study adopted the descriptive method to collect 399 questionnaire responses which were randomly distributed among clothing consumers in Bethlehem Governorate. Furthermore, this study compares between imported and local counterfeit clothing according to quality, price and design in an attempt to provide sufficient and realistic data that helps competent authorities to support the local clothing industry. Statistical analysis of the results illustrated the significant impact of economic and personal factors, quality and choice of the brand by Palestinian consumers with regard to purchase of counterfeit clothes. The researcher explains the importance of supporting locally-produced clothing to compete with imported counterfeit textiles and brands. Based on the results of this research, the researcher emphasized the significance of consolidating Palestinian-Turkish economic relations for the sake of improving the current situation of the locally produced clothes industry sector in the Palestinian markets. تسلط هذه الدراسة الضوء على العوامل التي تؤثر على سلوك المستهلك الفلسطيني تجاه الملابس المقلدة في السوق الفلسطيني، وذلك استناداً إلى تحليل ودراسة تلك العوامل على المستهلك للملابس المقلدة في محافظة بيت لحم. كما تهدف هذه الدراسة للتعرف على العوامل الأكثر تأثيراً على قرار المستهلك بشراء هذا النوع من الملابس خاصة العوامل الاقتصادية والشخصية. علاوة على ذلك، تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي، وتم توزيع 399 استبانة عشوائياً على مستهلكي الملابس في محافظة بيت لحم. ولتحقيق اهداف الدراسة تم عمل مقارنة بين الملابس المصنعة محلياً من جهة، وبين الملابس المقلدة المستوردة من الخارج من جهة أخرى وذلك بهدف التوصل إلى بيانات واقعية وحقيقية من شأنها أن تساعد جهات الاختصاص في دعم المشاريع المحلية والحد من استيراد الملابس المقلدة. تُظهر النتائج الاحصائية لهذه الدراسة التأثير الكبير للعوامل الاقتصادية والشخصية على المستهلك الفلسطيني تجاه شراء الملابس المقلدة، واستناداً إلى هذه البيانات والنتائج فقد وضّح الباحث أهمية دعم الصناعات المحلية من أجل منحها القدرة على منافسة الملابس المستوردة. واستناداً إلى تلك النتائج فقد أوصى الباحث بأهمية تعميق العلاقات الاقتصادية الفلسطينية التركية واستغلالها بهدف تطوير الوضع الاقتصادي فيما يخص الملابس المنتجة محليا، وفرض ضرائب اضافية على الملابس المقلدة المستوردة.
Developing an E-BUSINESS Model for Enterprises based on the Palestinian Business Environment
(Al-Quds University, 2021-05-22) Mohammad Yousef Mohammad Elayyan; محمد يوسف محمد عليان
The global economy is in a continuous change, and enterprises are always looking for a lifeline in ongoing competition between local and international enterprises, and with the development of the digital economy concept, which refers to an economy based on digital computing techniques, and the tremendous development in information technology, the concept of electronic business (e-business) emerged as a tools to adapting with these tremendous developments. E-business is more than just setting up an online activity or conducting e-commerce transactions, it is about shifting from the old and traditional business model to a new model that guarantees companies continuity under exceptional circumstances, as well as facilitating companies access to new markets and new customers through new products and new suppliers over the world. The concept of e-business differs from the concept of e-commerce, as it is not limited to commercial exchange, but includes the management of all company resources from the moment of communication with suppliers, the production process, until reaching the consumer, in addition to improving effective communication between the company and all relations with suppliers, customers and even the government sector. The purpose of this study is to examine the possibility of creating a model for e-business based on the Palestinian business environment, by researching the availability and use of e-business components and systems by Palestinian companies, the existence of the appropriate IT infrastructure, investment, faith and desire by company owners to move to e-business, and the disappearance of obstacles and barriers. To do that a qualitative research was performed, where the research results and the theoretical background were connected by going back and forward in the process of analysis, a questionnaire was used and distributed using Google Form to the business sector in Palestine in various fields, where we obtained 104 valid samples for analysis. This study shows that despite the existence of a gap between small, medium and large companies, Palestinian companies can generally adopt an electronic business model, if they so desire, as the researcher proposes a model for e-business (Elayyan model) that can be relied upon to manage the company's various activities. يشهد الاقتصاد العالمي تغيرًا مستمرًا، وتبحث المؤسسات دائمًا عن شريان الحياة في المنافسة المستمرة بين الشركات المحلية والدولية، ومع تطور مفهوم الاقتصاد الرقمي، والذي يشير إلى اقتصاد قائم على تقنيات الحوسبة الرقمية،والتطور في تكنولوجيا المعلومات، ظهر مفهوم الأعمال الإلكترونية (e-business) كأداة للتكيف مع هذه التطورات. الأعمال الإلكترونية هي أكثر من مجرد إنشاء نشاط عبر الإنترنت أو إجراء معاملات التجارة الإلكترونية، فهي تدور حول التحول من نموذج الأعمال القديم والتقليدي إلى نموذج جديد يضمن استمرارية الشركات في ظل ظروف استثنائية، فضلاً عن تسهيل وصول الشركات إلى أسواق جديدة وعملاء جدد من خلال المنتجات الجديدة والموردين الجدد من جميع أنحاء العالم. يختلف مفهوم الأعمال الإلكترونية عن مفهوم التجارة الإلكترونية، حيث أنه لا يقتصر على التبادل التجاري، بل يشمل إدارة جميع موارد الشركة من لحظة التواصل مع الموردين، عملية الإنتاج حتى الوصول إلى المستهلك، بالإضافة إلى تحسين التواصل الفعال بين الشركة وجميع العلاقات التي تشمل الموردين والعملاء وحتى القطاع الحكومي. الغرض من هذه الدراسة هو البحث في إمكانية إنشاء نموذج للأعمال الإلكترونية على أساس بيئة الأعمال الفلسطينية، من خلال البحث في مدى توفر واستخدام مكونات وأنظمة الأعمال الإلكترونية من قبل الشركات الفلسطينية، ووجود بنية تكنولوجيا المعلومات المناسبة لذلك، الاستثمار والإيمان ورغبة أصحاب الشركات في الانتقال إلى الأعمال الإلكترونية، واختفاء المعوقات والحواجز. للقيام بذلك، تم إجراء بحث نوعي، تم ربط نتائج البحث والخلفية النظرية من خلال العودة إلى الأمام في عملية التحليل، قام الباحث باستخداماستبانةوتوزيعهامن خلالGoogle Form على قطاع الأعمال في فلسطين في مختلف المجالات. حيث حصلنا على 104 عينة صالحة للتحليل. تظهر هذه الدراسة أنه على الرغم من وجود فجوة بين الشركات الصغيرة والمتوسطة والكبيرة، يمكن للشركات الفلسطينية بشكل عام أن تتبنى نموذج الأعمال الإلكترونية، إذا رغبت في ذلك، حيث يقترح الباحث نموذجًا للأعمال الإلكترونية (Elayyan model) يمكن أن يعتمد عليه في إدارة أنشطة الشركة المختلفة.
Empowering Social Entrepreneurship through Education the Case of Al-Quds University
(Al-Quds University, 2023-08-27) Rasha Anton Hanania; رشا أنطون حنانيا
This study looks into the role played by universities in Palestine empowering social entrepreneurship. This study aimed to investigate the influence of AQU 's role as a case study in fostering social entrepreneurship and empowering social entrepreneurship among its students. The study uses an analytical descriptive method as it's best suited for this research topic. This method focuses on describing, analysing, comparing, and assessing to form general ideas that boost knowledge and science. Data and information needed for the study came from two places. The first is a custom-made questionnaire that helps examine the search criteria, and the second is a review of past studies and writings on the topic to form a theoretical framework. The researcher used a questionnaire to collect primary data from a sample of 585 students, 95% of the questionnaires were retrieved. The study identifies six independent variables based on previous research and theoretical frameworks, including curriculum and education, incubation and acceleration, research and innovation, partnerships and collaborations, awareness and outreach, and alumni network and support. The results indicate a statistically significant effect between the independent variables, and the dependent variable (Empowering Social Entrepreneurship). There are statistically significant differences in the level of empowering social entrepreneurship among students in Al Quds University due to some of the characteristics of these students, specifically their age, the college where they are studying, and academic level, but not their gender. Specifically, age, the college, where the students are studying, and academic level have statistically significant effects. In this case, we can see that age, the college where the students are studying, and academic level have a statistically significant effect on these variables on the level of empowering social entrepreneurship among students in Al Quds University. On the other hand, gender does not have a statistically significant effect. The study recommends that AQU and other universities in Palestine develop courses and programs that focus on social entrepreneurship, encourage collaboration and networking, provide resources and funding, foster a culture of innovation, and partner with local organizations. Additionally, the study recommends that universities consider incorporating social entrepreneurship topics into their curriculum, such as impact investing, community development, social innovation, corporate social responsibility, public policy and social entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship and international development, social entrepreneurship and education, and social entrepreneurship healthcare.
Examining the Competitiveness of the Agricultural Cluster by Creating Shared Value strategy:Evidence from Qalqilya Governorate
(Al-Quds University, 2022-01-03) Sahar Muhammad Ahmad Thwaib; سحر محمد احمد ذويب
This study aims to assess the Competitiveness of the Agricultural Cluster by Creating a Shared Value strategy in Qalqilya Governorate. To achieve the goals of this study, the descriptive-explanatory approach was used, the study population is farmers in the agricultural sector in Qalqilya, which consist of 4400 farmers as Qalqilya agricultural department records show, the survey was applied to the study sample, which consists of 350 farmers, only 175 of which were retrieved. The researcher prepared a questionnaire as the primary tool to obtain the necessary data for this study, and data was collected, and statistically processed using the SPSS program and the AMOS program for the structural equation modeling SEM. The study reached several results, the most important of which are: the shared value can be created through the cluster and that Creating Shared Value improves the competitiveness of the agricultural sector more than if we relied on enhancing its competitiveness through Cluster directly, meaning that the relationship between Clustering and competitiveness is fully mediated by the Creating Shared Value, which means that the study model proposed by the researcher is reliable and correct. The study shows that the respondent's perceptions toward creating shared value are moderate and that the ability of this sector to compete is moderate, and respondents see that the benefits and results of clustering are also of moderate importance. Also, the study shows that there is no statistical significance of creating a shared value strategy to improve competitiveness in the agricultural sector in Qalqilya by clustering based on (Gender, respondent work, Academic Qualification, and Work Experience). In the light of the results of the study, the study recommends the necessity of enhancing Porter's diamond factors (factor conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, firm strategy, structure, and rivalry, government role, chance) for competitiveness by creating the shared value strategy by the cluster to improve the competitiveness of the agricultural sector in Qalqilya because of its importance in developing the Palestinian national economy, and that the government must raise the efficiency and capacity of the institutions (especially public institutions) that working on developing the cluster to develop a healthy and strong cluster and to achieve the desired benefits of clustering. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى فحص امكانية قيمة تشاركية لتعزيز تنافسية القطاع الزراعي من خلال العناقيد في محافظة قلقيلية . لتحقيق أهداف هذه الدراسة تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي التوضيحي، و تم تطبيق المسح الشامل على جميع أفراد مجتمع الدراسة والبالغ عددهم 4000 مزارع، ضم ت عينة الدراسة 350 مزارع وتم استرج اع 175 استبيان . قامت الباحثة بإعداد استبانة كأداة رئيسية للحصول على البيانات اللازمة لهذه الدراسة، و تم جمع البيانات ومعالجتها إحصائيا باستخدام برنامج الرزم الاحصائية للعلوم الاجتماع ية SPSS حيث تم استخدام نموذج "معادلة النموذج البنائي" " SEM ." توصلت الدراسة الى عدد من النتائج اهمها: ان خلق قيمة تشاركية من خلال العناقيد يعزز تنافسية القطاع الزراعي اكثر من تعزيز تنافسية هذا القطاع من خلال العناقيد مباشرة، مما يعني ان خلق القيمة التشاركية يعمل كمتغير وسيط بين التنافسية والعناقي د و ان نموذج الدراسة المقترح صحيح وموثوق . وبينت النتائج ان توجهات المزارعين نحو خلق قيمة تشاركية متوسطة، وان قدرة هذا القطاع على المنافسة متوسطة كذلك يرى المزارعين ان الفوائد من انشطة العنقود متوسطة. واظهرت النتائج بان ه لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين )الجنس وعمل المجيب( و)المؤهلات العلمية والخبرات العملية( وبين تعزيز تنافسية العنقود الزراعي من خلال خلق قيمة تشاركية في محافظة قلقيلية . في ضوء نتائج الدراسة، اوصت الدراسة بضرورة تعزيز نموذج بورتر للتنافسية المكونة من شروط العوامل ) المدخلات(، شروط الطلب، القطاعات ذات الصله والمساعدين، اس تراتيجية وهيكل وتنافس الشركة، دور الحكومة والفرص، لخلق قيمة تشاركية من خلال العنقود لتعزيز تنافسية القطاع الزراعي في قلقيلية لاهميتة للاقتصاد الوطني الفلسطيني، كذلك يجب على الحكومة تعزيز كفاءة وفاعلية المؤسسات العامة العاملة على تطوير العنقود ليكون صحي وقوي وقادر على تحقيق الفوائد المرجوة .
The Extent of Basel Accord implementation on Islamic Banks in Palestine The case of Palestine Islamic Bank
(Al-Quds University, 2020-06-08) Raneen Abdaljaleel Mohammad Ayyad; رنين عبد الجليل محمد عياد
The main aim of this study is to demonstrate the implementations of Basel II accord in Islamic banks in Palestine ( a case study of Palestine Islamic Bank). In order to achieve the aim of the study, the researcher used the descriptive analytical approach, where the researcher distributed a sample on (145) from the employees of the Palestine Islamic Bank in all branches in Palestine. and the study tool was represented in the questionnaire, which consisted of six axes with (36) paragraphs. The main result reached in the study is that there is an implementation of the Basel II Accord in the Palestine Islamic Bank with a high mean of (4.45), the supervisory review field according to the Basel II Accord got the highest mean of (4.51), market discipline according to Basel II Accord with a mean of (4.48) followed by the tasks undertaken by risk management in Palestine Islamic Bank with a mean of (4.477), principles on which risk management in Palestine Islamic Bank is based on a mean of (4.47), then the minimum capital area and methods of measuring risks in accordance with the Basel II Accord with a mean of (4.399). The last field was the application of the Basel III Accord with a mean of (4,296), all of which came in a high degree. Based on the results if this study, the researcher had some recommendation in which the most important ones are: strengthening and qualifying human resources to supervise the various risks and develop their capabilities, develop tools and systems for measuring risk according to internal evaluation methods and to commit to the Islamic rules and regulations in the Islamic banks in order to sustain the competition level in the market with the traditional banks.
A Fuzzy Bayesian Network Model for Quality Management in O2O E-Business for dairy industries in Palestine
(Al-Quds University, 2022-08-01) Iman Mousa Khalaf Bajali; ايمان موسى خلف بجالي
This research provides a fuzzy Bayesian network model for successfully managing quality in O2O e-business models in order to determine the best path for dairy products supply chain quality. Such a model is able to effectively reflect the uncertainty inherent in the process, leading to the development of a comprehensive system for selecting and evaluating quality. The designed questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire consists of different variables including the stages of milk production from the production of milk at the farm to the delivery stage. The questionnaire was distributed in two ways: electronically and manually. We received 31 responses, and each question was evaluated and analyzed using the SPSS software. And a simulation was performed to demonstrate that the suggested methodology (Fuzzy Bayesian Model) is relevant for efficiently controlling quality in O2O e-commerce. A Fuzzy Bayesian Network Model to study the feasibility of quality management in the dairy industry in Palestine has a high degree of acceptability that’s according to the results of the following stages: product preparation (production of milk at farm), production and distribution processing (production stage) , sorting process (controlling process) and delivery links which all had a high degree approval. In conclusion, this model has the potential to be implemented in Palestine.
The Impact of Cultural Values on the Entrepreneurial Orientation" A Case Study on Women Entrepreneurs in Southeast Jerusalem
(Al-Quds University, 2023-06-11) Amani Mohammad Mahmoud Al-Sinnawi; أماني محمد محمود السناوي
Cultural values largely shape women’s entrepreneurship environment and nature, which in turn influence their behaviors and orientation in many aspects. In this regard, this paper seeks to explore how cultural values impact the entrepreneurial orientation of women entrepreneurs in the area of southeast Jerusalem. It’s a cross-sectional study that uses the analytical and descriptive approach to achieve the study objectives. Additionally, a well-prepared questionnaire was used to collect the data from the study population, and it was analyzed using the SPSS program. In the end, 61 women have participated in this study. The findings of this study showed a significant relationship and positive, intermediate correlation between the cultural values and the entrepreneurial orientation of women entrepreneurs in the area of southeast- Jerusalem. All the variables’ coefficients summary as shown in the study revealed that all the parameters used to measure the independent variable with those of the dependent variable, showed significant values except for the relationship between uncertainty avoidance and risk-taking. In conclusion, the study revealed that the cultural environment features of women entrepreneurs is supportive but in an intermediate level for providing the initiatives and promoting creativity and autonomy, proactiveness, fierce competition of women orientation.
The Impact of Influencers Marketing on Consumers' Online Purchase Intentions
(Al-Quds Uiversity, 2023-01-15) Nisreen Jihad Mohammad Taqatqa; نسرين جهاد محمد طقاطقه
Today is the online world. so, social media with its networking platforms and online communities gained extreme popularity. Consequently, influencer marketing got extremely important for businesses as a new marketing communication tool. The present study investigates the impact of influencers marketing on consumers’ online purchase intentions. So, the study examines how influencer and their characteristics, namely expertise, trustworthiness, and physical attractiveness affect their influence on consumers’ purchase intentions. This study employed on the descriptive analytical approach. An online survey was conducted to collect data from 200 respondents from Palestinian consumers who have accounts on social media and live in the west bank. The statistical analysis of the questionnaire was performed by SPSS and PLS with structural equation modeling (SEM). The results of this study indicated that expertise has a direct high positive significant effect on purchasing intentions, and trustworthiness and physical attractiveness have an indirect positive significant effect on purchase intentions, but the three independent variables of the influencer characteristics expertise, trustworthiness, and physical attractiveness have a high positive significant effect on the moderating variable brand image and the brand image has a high significant positive effect on online purchase intentions. Thus, hypotheses H1, H2, & H3 are accepted. Also, we concluded that education level has a positive moderation impact on the relationship between influencer’s trustworthiness and online purchase intention, and a negative moderation impact on the relationship between influencer’s physical attractiveness and online purchase intention. In addition to that, we conclude that income has a positive moderation impact on the relationship between influencer’s trustworthiness and online purchase intention. Thus, hypothesis H4 is partially accepted. Still, we encourage more research into the field of this research in influencer marketing to further examine these results.
The Impact of Information Technology on the Organizational Performance at Insurance Companies in Palestine using the Balanced Scorecard
(Al-Quds University, 2024-05-27) Asem Helmi MohammedShehada Alnatsha; عاصم حلمي محمد شحاده النتشه
This thesis examines the impact of information technology (IT) on the organizational performance of insurance companies in Palestine using the Balanced Scorecard approach. It measures performance through its five dimensions: financial performance, customer satisfaction, internal processes, learning and growth, and social responsibility. The research employs a quantitative method approach through the distribution of surveys to employees and managers at Palestinian insurance companies. The study's hypotheses are tested using statistical methods to investigate the relationships between IT components (hardware, software, databases, skills, and communication networks) and organizational performance metrics defined by the Balanced Scorecard. Findings indicate that IT significantly enhances organizational performance across all Balanced Scorecard dimensions. IT contributes to improved financial performance through cost reduction and efficiency gains. Customer satisfaction increases due to enhanced service delivery and communication channels. Internal processes benefit from streamlined operations and better information flow. The learning and growth dimension shows that IT fosters continuous improvement and skill development among employees. IT also positively impacts social responsibility through better data management and transparency. The study concludes that the effective implementation of IT is crucial for the competitive advantage and sustainability of insurance companies in Palestine. Recommendations include increasing investment in IT infrastructure, continuous training for staff, and adopting a strategic approach to IT integration to leverage its benefits fully. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers, managers, and stakeholders in the insurance sector, highlighting the importance of IT in achieving superior organizational performance and suggesting practical steps for enhancing IT capabilities within organizations.
The Impact of Leadership Style, Organizational Culture, and Empowerment on Staff Performance at private hospitals in Ramallah city
(Al-Quds University, 2023-01-10) Ameerah Yasin Abdeljalil Daoud; أميرة ياسين عبد الجليل داود
The study aimed to identify the impact of leadership style, organizational culture and empowerment on staff performance at private hospitals in Ramallah city , and disclosure of statistically significant differences on the Impact of the leadership style, organizational culture and empowerment on staff performance at private hospitals in Ramallah city. To achieve the study's objectives, the study followed the analytical descriptive method and used the questionnaire as the main tool of study. The population is administrative and health staff working in private hospitals in Ramallah. (Walid Al-Nazir, Al-Hilal Hospital, IstishareArab hospital, Almustaqbal Hospital, H Clinic Hospital, Arab Care Hospital and Khaled Surgical Hospital). The sample was selected in Random sample, with (135) questionnaires distributed and fully recovered The questionnaire was distributed electronically and face-to-face . the results showed a significant impact on the dimensions (Organizational Culture, Employee Empowerment, Leadership style on employee’s performance, results also showed no statistically significant differences about the impact of the leader ship style, organizational culture, and empowerment on functioning depending on the variable (Nature of work, scientific qualification, years of experience), the study made a series of recommendations, the most important of which was the adoption of the democratic style of leadership, which has a positive impact on improving the functioning of the job in private hospitals.
Palestinians Consumption Behavior towards Apparel during the period of crisis (The case of Covid-19 pandemic)
(Al-Quds University, 2021-05-22) Boshra Foad Soliman Aljanazreh; بشرى فؤاد سليمان الجنازرة
An unprecedented global crisis has struck the world in the shape of the Covid-19 pandemic, the crisis placed tremendous challenges on almost every sector in the economy, the fashion and apparel industry were one of the most disrupted sectors in 2020, and apparel manufacturers are struggling to get necessary supplies. Apparel retail stores have experienced a significant drop in sales and furthermore they are facing frequent and perhaps permanent closures and piled up goods since the beginning of the crisis, since consumer spending on non-essential apparel has decreased significantly as a response to the crisis The aim of this study was to study popular trends in consumer behavior during the crisis, by investigating to what extent the Palestinian consumer buying and consumption behavior toward apparel in particular have changed, and the tendency of that change during the COVID-19 pandemic regarding both psychological and financial factors and demographic characteristics as well. One thousand eighteen responses were collected from consumers in the current study. The random sample was collected from all governorates, cities, and refugee camps of Palestine; they were assessed and analyzed by conducting a descriptive and regression analysis using the SPSS software platform. The results suggest that Palestinian consumers are fully aware of the economic crisis and are suffering financially specially regarding the significant reduction in income levels and purchasing power. Moreover, the results demonstrated that the Palestinian consumers found themselves obligated to adopt a more rational and frugal lifestyle and plan their finances and expenses more carefully, and furthermore, prioritize essentials over any other expenses, which explains the significant drop in apparel purchasing and consumption that the current study revealed. Results of the study also demonstrated that the financial crisis that emerged as a result of the COVID-19 Pandemic has vitally deepened the consumers’ fear of the future financial situation and contagion of the disease and consequently their intention to purchase apparel is impacted adversely, furthermore marital status is also a significant factor since having a family with young children can magnify the fear of the future financial situation and the concerns about job security and the ability to provide for the family, in addition to concerns about the family health and fear of catching the disease. The Palestinian consumers’ financial situation and income level has proved to be the most influential factor regarding apparel consumption, in addition to other factors used to investigate the change in apparel consumption due to the current economic and financial crisis, the results of the current study demonstrated that consumers tend to reduce apparel consumption as their income levels drop. The results also showed that the Palestinian consumer adopted new behavior trends that are more cautious and frugal since their perspectives and motives on apparel purchase has changed, not to mention that the current situation made the perception of product availability a real issue for the consumers in such hard and stressful times due to financial and Health situations..
Quality Management through Self-Assessment (EFQM based): the Palestinian Dental Clinics as a Case
(Al-Quds University, 2022-08-24) Yaqouta Othman Mohammed Kharma; ياقوتة عثمان محمد خرمة
تهدف هذه الدراسة للتعرف على تأثير الممكنين في عيادات طب الأسنان الفلسطينية على نتائج هذه العيادات. اتبعت هذه الدراسة المقطعية منهجاً وصفياً إرتباطياً باستخدام اساليب كمية. تم جمع البيانات من عينة غير احتمالية مريحة اشتملت على (74) طبيب أسنان من الضفة الغربية. بغرض جمع البيانات؛ قامت الباحثة ببناء استبانة تتبنى هيكلاً مبسطاً من نموذج التميز الأوروبي (EEQM). وقد أشارت نتائج الدراسة إلى؛ توجه عيادات طب الاسنان في الضفة الغربية نحو تطبيق نموذج التميز الاوروبي بدرجة متوسطة؛ مما يدل على تبنيهم لنظام التقييم الذاتي بدرجة متوسطة، ويدل على درجات متوسطة من الأداء في هذه العيادات. كما توصلت الدراسة إلى وجود علاقات ارتباط ايجابية بقوى تتراوح من متوسطة إلى قوية بين جميع معايير بعدي نموذج التمييز الأوروبي؛ الممكنين والنتائج. استنتجت الدراسة أن أداء عيادات طب الأسنان الفلسطينية يتأثر ايجابياً بمعايير الممكنين الآتية: العمليات، الشراكات الخارجية والموارد، والقيادة، مرتبة ترتيباً تنازلياً. قدمت الباحثة عدة توصيات موجهة لـ : عيادات ومراكز طب الأسنان الفلسطينية لعقد ورشات عمل ودورات تدريبية لتحسين معرفة طواقم عملها بالقيادة وتوضيح المصطلحات المتعلقة بها، كليات طب الأسنان في الجامعات الفلسطينية لتضمين مساقات متعلقة بالإدارة في مناهجها، وزارة الصحة الفلسطينية لنطوير نظام تدقيق خارجي يراقب جودة وأداء عيادات ومراكز الأسنان الفلسطينية، ولمؤسسة المواصفات والمقاييس الفلسطينية لإنشاء نموذج تقييم جودة خارجي مشتق من نموذج التميز الأوروبي وأكثر موائمة للتطبيق في قطاع طب الأسنان.
Quality Management through Self-Assessment (EFQM based): the Palestinian Dental Clinics as a Case
(Al-Quds University, 2022-08-24) Yaqouta Othman Mohammed Kharma; ياقوتة عثمان محمد خرمة
This study aimed to determine the impact that the Enablers of the Palestinian dental clinics have on the Results of these clinics. This cross-sectional study followed a descriptive-correlational approach that included quantitative descriptions. A non-Probability convenience sampling method was applied and data was obtained from the sum of (74) dentists of the West-Bank region. For data collection purposes, an e-questionnaire was designed by the researcher as a simplified adaptation of the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) excellence model. The findings estimated; a moderate level of implementation of the EFQM model in the Palestinian dental clinics and centers, hence, moderate levels of self-assessment adoption and of performance in these clinics. In addition, moderate to strong positive correlations between the dental Enablers and the clinics' Results. The study concluded that the Palestinian Dental Clinics' Performance is positively impacted by the following Enablers; Processes, Partnerships & Resources, and Leadership, in a descending order. The most important recommendations of the study were those addressed to the following; the Palestinian dental clinics/centers to hold workshops and training courses that improve their teams' knowledge about leadership and clarify their understanding of its concepts, the Dentistry Faculties of Palestinian universities to include courses related to management in their curricula, the Ministry of Health to develop a more advanced external auditing system that monitors the performance and quality of the Palestinian dental clinics/centers, and to the Palestine Standards Institution (PSI) to establish a Quality Assessment Model derived from the EFQM model that is more specified for implementation within the Dental Care Sector.
Risk Management in Islamic and Commercial Palestinian Banks : A Comparative Study
(جامعة القدس, 2021-05-23) Dalal Ali Salim Abusamra; دلال علي سليم أبوسمره
إدارة المخاطر في البنوك واحدة من المواضيع الأكثر أهمية لأداء البنك وللاقتصاديات ككل، بسبب مساهمتها في النمو الاقتصادي للدولة. الخطر هو شيء حتمى وطالما يوجد تطورات وابتكارات في المنتجات المالية البنكية، فستظهر مخاطر جديدة، لذلك فإن الحاجة لإدارة المخاطر عملية مستمرة وكذلك هناك حاجة للقيام بتطوير وتحديث أدوات إدارة المخاطر وتقييمها. هدفت الدراسة إلى إيجاد الفرق في إدارة المخاطر فيما بين البنوك الإسلامية والتجارية في فلسطين باستخدام نموذج التمان للتنبؤ بالضائقة المالية. اتبعت الدراسة الأسلوب الكمي، تم الحصول على البيانات الثانوية من التقارير المالية المدققة للبنوك للفترة الزمنية ما بين (2017-2020) . تكونت عينة الدراسة والتي اختيرت بشكل قصدي من البنوك المحلية الفلسطينية وعددها سبعة. تم استخدام البيانات المقطعية الزمنية في الدراسة. توصلت الدراسة إلى وجود فروق بين البنوك الإسلامية والتجارية في إدراة المخاطر.وكذلك أظهرت النتائج أن البنوك التجارية توجد في منطقة الضائقة المالية بينما توجد البنوك الإسلامية في منطقة الأمان. أوصت الدراسة البنوك والمستثمرين باستخدام نموذج التمان كأداة تقييم لإدارة المخاطر.
The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Upgrading Sustainability: (an Applied Study on Industrial companies in the North of West Bank)
(Al-Quds University, 2023-12-28) Nisreen Monther Moustafa Abu Shehadeh; نسرين منذر مصطفى أبو شحادة
This study aims to examine the impact of CSR implementation on the sustainability of industrial companies in the North West Bank. To achieve the study objectives, a correlational design was adopted, the study population formed of owners/managers and employees of industrial companies in the North West Bank; applied to six governorates these were Nablus, Jenin, Tulkarm, Salfit, Tubas, and Qalqilya. The researcher developed a questionnaire as the primary tool to collect data and distributed the questionnaire to a sample of 282 participants by using convenience sampling. Then, data was gathered and statistically processed using the SPSS. The study delivered several results, the most important of which were: that CSR towards customers had the largest implementation level among CSR dimensions with a high degree. In addition, the correlation between CSR and sustainability was highly positive and statistically significant. Moreover, there was a statistically significant impact of CSR dimensions on environmental sustainability in which both CSR towards employees and CSR towards the community were significant predictors of environmental sustainability. While, social sustainability was affected primarily by CSR toward employees, CSR toward suppliers, and CSR toward the community. The results yielded both CSR towards suppliers and CSR towards community were significant predictors of economic sustainability. Furthermore, there were significant differences among the means of study sample towards the impact of CSR on sustainability attributed to demographic variables (company age, number of employees, and industry type). In light of the study results, the study recommended incentivizing CSR behavior by facilitating investment and offering fiscal policies such as tax relief. Enhancing cooperation and networking among various civil society organizations, the private sector, international and donor agencies, and United Nations entities to guarantee a real and fruitful development process. Raising awareness through publications and supporting local products through campaigns. Top management and business owners are recommended to promote sustainability through integrated and aligning sustainability and CSR in their business strategy and culture to achieve effective social results while ensuring economic returns for companies.
The Role of Entrepreneur’s Leadership Skills in Achieving Growth of SMEs in Bethlehem Governorate
(Al-Quds University, 2022-06-08) RASHA HISHAM YOUSEF OBEID; رشا هشام يوسف عبيد
الهدف الرئيس من هذه الدراسة هو دراسة تأثير المهارات القيادية لرواد الأعمال على نمو المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة في محافظة بيت لحم، حيث اعتمدت الباحثة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لأنه الطريقة الأنسب لموضوع البحث، تم جمع البيانات الأولية من خلال استبيان مصمم خصيصاً لقياس متغيرات البحث، تم توزيعه على عينة الدراسة وهي 172 منشأة. يمثل نمو الشركات الصغيرة والمتوسطة في محافظة بيت لحم المتغير التابع. وتمثل مهارات القيادة المتغيرات المستقلة، وهي: مهارات القيادة الذاتية، ومهارات القيادة الفنية، ومهارات الإدارية، ومهارات القيادة البشرية، ومهارات القيادة الفكرية. أشارت النتائج الرئيسة للدراسة إلى وجود علاقة إيجابية ذات دلالة إحصائية بين المهارات القيادية (مهارات القيادة الذاتية، ومهارات القيادة الفنية، ومهارات الإدارية، ومهارات القيادة البشرية، ومهارات القيادة الفكرية) ونمو الشركات الصغيرة والمتوسطة في محافظة بيت لحم. وتظهر النتائج عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في إجابات المبحوثين حول تأثير المهارات القيادية على نمو الشركات الصغيرة والمتوسطة بالنسبة للجنس. في حين كانت هناك اختلافات عند مستوى دلالة 5٪ في إجابات المبحوثين حول تأثير المهارات القيادية على نمو الشركات الصغيرة والمتوسطة بالنسبة: عدد العاملين، والنشاط الاقتصادي، وعمر الشركة، وسنوات الخبرة، والمنصب، والمؤهل العلمي، والعمر. تقترح الباحثة العديد من التوصيات الموجهة لكل جهة حسب صلاحيتها: توصيات لمسؤولي الشركات (متابعة التطورات في كافة مجالات الخبرة ووضع خطة لتدريب مسؤولي الشركات على هذه المهارات، ووضع خطة تدريبية سنوية لـتنمية مهارات جميع العاملين بالمنشأة). توصية للحكومة الفلسطينية (إعداد قانون جديد للشركات)، وتوصيات للجهات الممثلة للقطاع الخاص (بتنظيم دورات تدريبية لتوعية الشركات بالمهارات القيادية، وتوقيع اتفاقيات تعاون مع الجهات الممثلة للقطاع الخاص في دول أخرى، وتعميم تجربة الشركات الناجحة)، التوصية إلى الجهات الرقابية (تفعيل الرقابة على امتثال الشركات للقانون والأنظمة والتعليمات والمعايير المحاسبية وأخلاقيات العمل)، والتوصيات للجامعات (إعداد العديد من الدراسات على المستوى التفصيلي كوسيلة لتعزيز المهارات القيادية، مثل: دراسات قطاعية، دراسات تركز على مهارات قيادية معينة، ودراسات للشركات كدراسة حالة، تدريس مساقات جامعية بمهارات القيادة). الكلمات المفتاحية: المهارات القيادية لرواد الأعمال، نمو الشركات الصغيرة والمتوسطة، المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة في فلسطين.
The Role of Social Networks in The Success of Palestinian Female Entrepreneurs’ Businesses
(Al-Quds University, 2023-06-04) Amani Hamzah Mohammed Abuillan; اماني حمزه محمد ابوعلان
The purpose of this study is to understand the role of social networks in the of projects managed by Palestinian women entrepreneurs by shedding light on the role of social relations and their impact on the projects owned by Palestinian female entrepreneurs, and by understanding the nature of the strong and weak social ties of Palestinian entrepreneurs and how they affect the entrepreneurial activities of female entrepreneurs activities of female entrepreneurs, in addition to exploring the obstacles and difficulties faced by Palestinian women entrepreneurs in taking advantages from their social networks and the challenges in expanding these networks. This research used a qualitative approach and is based on the semi-structured interviews, allowing for a deeper insight into the study area through a deep analysis of a group of eight Palestinian women entrepreneurs selected according to the geographical distribution of the West Bank. After conducting interviews with them, it was concluded that the social relations of the Palestinian entrepreneur have a clear impact on the management and success of female entrepreneurs' projects, and this impact was represented first by strong social relations (parents, sibling, close friends, relatives) that in most cases had a positive role by providing psychological, emotional and financial support, In addition to sharing experiences and knowledge, often as business partners, secondly, weak social relations (professionals, acquaintances, customers), which the results indicated that these relationships contributed to the success of entrepreneurial projects through the promotion and feedback of products, create new opportunists, in addition to the provision of various services. The most significant obstacles facing female entrepreneurs in Palestine are male dominance, society judgment, and customs and tradition. In addition to obtaining funds to finance their business as a second-place obstacle.Upon those findings the study recommended that institutions (incubators, financial, etc.) should play a role in providing counselling and training services for women, encouraging a positive organizational culture for entrepreneurs, create events for women entrepreneurs to help the exchange of information and experience and expanding their network. In another hand Policy makers in Palestine should pay more attention toward women economic and social empowerment, aactivating the participation of women in decision-making related to entrepreneurship and supporting women's projects, and not limiting their participation to participation only. urged Palestinian educational institutions to adopt the process of enriching the Palestinian curriculum and implements actions to raise awareness among women entrepreneurs, particularly those located in the districts and rural areas, on the key policies and laws related to land, inheritance and succession.
Social Responsibility of Palestinian Telecommunication Company "Jawwal"
(Al-Quds University, 2021-05-03) Ruba Marwan Al-Barghouthi; ربى مروان البرغوثي
The scope of this study is to identify the concept of social responsibility and describe its application at Jawal Telecom Company (Jawwal as a model). The Study would also table key challenges to its application, as well as Paltels employees’ takes on prioritization practices at the Palestinian Telecom Group. The importance of this study is represented as it sheds light on a locally current topic, and the descriptive method was used for its suitability for this type of study. The study population (Sample) came from the Palestinian Communications group Jawwal, and the study tool was applied to a sample of (43) male and female employees. To achieve the study objectives, the questionnaire was designed around five segments: The first segment covered general employee information, and the second segment touch on social responsibility towards the community, with the third segment, focused on social responsibility towards employees and the fourth segment will reflect on social responsibility towards the environment and finally, the fifth segment would highlight implementation challenges from the researched angle. The results indicated that the Palestinian Telecom Group Jawwal has shown high levels of commitment in the applications of the social responsibility segments under this study; society, employees, and the surrounding environment. The results of the study also showed that the key variables (years of experience, academic qualification) carried no weight on the implementation of Social responsibility. The study concluded that the company have an official regulatory body that organizes the it's work as part of its social responsibility, in addition of laws and legislations that work to develop social responsibility in the company.

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