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مهارات القيادة التربوية الحديثة
(2012) ناريمان لهلوب و ماجد الطرايرة
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عبء الإثبات في الدعوى العمومية دراسة مقارنة
(Al-Quds University, 2017-01-04) مي عبد الرحمن رمزي; Mai Abdel Rahman Ramzi
This study examined the subject of proof in public proceedings, which is one of the important results of the principle of presumption of innocence that assumes every citizen of arms since the start of the public proceedings until its completion in a sense placing the burden on the authority of that case and the indictment of entrusted power to move and in accordance with procedures to ensure respect for the rights of the accused who are supposed to provide evidence of their innocence, the evidence of claims other than the contrary, rests with the authority to indict the burden of proving all the elements of the crime and its elements as well as validate Assigned to the accused and then study the role of prosecutors in proving lack of expiry of public proceedings and it's still vibrant so you can proceed with their investigation. The study was presented as an exception to the supposed origin and kinds of evidence and the extent of the impact in shifting the burden of proof of authority to indict the accused and the accused into power sometimes charge under review the practice of prosecutorial practices on burden of proof. The study aimed to develop a clear vision of the role of public prosecution in divesting the burden of proof in criminal procedure law, compared with what took him all of the Jordanian Code of criminal procedure on the one hand, and the Egyptian Code of criminal procedure. The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach and integrated comparison curriculum and it found a set of results the most important was the deficiency of the role of public prosecution to bear the burden of proving the case in Palestine. The study found that the provisions of the Act not apply accusation authority fully this demonstrates a lack of understanding of the prosecutors of the concept of the presumption of innocence, and lack of logistics to them to promote their role to the fullest of his books, and the number of members, in addition to the lack of possibilities for judicial officers, not to implement many of the memos that cause delay for wasting the community right and punish the culprits. At the end, the study recommended the enactment of a whole chapter on criminal evidence and procedure, the preliminary inquiry stage, entrusting the charge complete divesting in criminal evidence.
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Risk factors of Pneumonia among Under-five Children in the Gaza Strip: Case-control Study
(Al-Quds University, 2023-08-23) Amro Mohamad Ahmad Rabah; عمرو محمد أحمد رباح
Background: pneumonia is still one of the top leading causes of death among children worldwide especially in low and middle-income countries, children under-five years most age group affected by pneumonia, there are several risk factors for pneumonia among under-five children, by identification of these risk factor may mitigate the occurrence and spread of pneumonia. Aim: to assess the main risk factors associated with pneumonia among under-five children in Gaza Strip, in order to develop effective prevention strategies and a better understanding of the underlying risk factors. Methodology: Hospital-based matched case-control study, the study population are children aged 1-59 months in Gaza Strip coming to governmental hospitals (El- Nasser Hospital, Mubarak hospital for Children, and Al- Aqsa Martyr Hospital) during the data collection period, with a sample size 338 children (169 case and 169 control), nonrandomized convenient sample method, the data was being collected by used interviewed questionnaire, the data analyzed by using SPSS version 25, t-test, Pearson's chi-squared test, and Logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors that affected pneumonia cases compared to controls among the study children, the P-value was considered significant at P ≤ 0.05 and not significant at P > 0.05. Result: The mean age of the children was 18.82±17.53 months (cases) and 18.72±17.09 months (control) with a range of 1–59 months. There were several factors were found to be associated with pneumonia: maternal occupation status (employed mother) (OR = 10.77; 95% CI, 3.74- 31.08; P-value 0.000), Birth order 2nd -3rd (OR = 2.12; 95% CI, 1.09-4.13; P-value 0.026), birth order ≥ 4 (OR = 2.32; 95% CI, 1.31-4.1; P-value 0.004), type of delivery cesarean section (OR = 1.91; 95% CI, 1.22-2.99 ; P-value 0.005), prematurity (OR = 2.18; 95% CI, 1.08-4.41; P = 0.030), Admission to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (OR = 2.54; 95% CI, 1.42-4.55; P-value 0.002) History of mechanical ventilation (OR = 2.18 ; 95% CI, 1.08-4.41 ; P-value 0.030), History of recurrent Lower respiratory tract infection (OR = 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.3; P-value = 0.022), History of hospital admission due to Lower respiratory tract infection (OR = 4.94; 95% CI, 2.95-8.28; P-value 0.000), History of bronchial asthma or wheezing episodes (OR = 2.04; 95% CI, 1.14-3.66; P-value 0.016), History of neurological disease (OR = 2.88; 95% CI, 1.54-5.4; P-value 0.001), mild wasting (OR = 4.28; 95% CI, 1.7-10.8; P-value 0.002), (OR = 4.28; 95% CI, 1.7-10.8; P-value 0.002), moderate wasting (OR = 3.2; 95% CI, 1.57-6.5; P-value 0.001), severwasting (OR = 7.42; 95% CI, 2.09-26.35; P-value 0.002), mild stunting (OR = 2.76; 95% CI, 1.49-5.13; P-value 0.001), moderate stunting (OR = 3.54; 95% CI, 1.79-6.98; P-value 0.000), sever stunting (OR = 16.5; 95% CI, 2.09- 130.03; P-value 0.008), Underweight (OR = 2.87; 95% CI, 1.74-4.71; P-value 0.000),and exposure outdoor air pollution (Electrical generator near residency (OR = 4.61; 95% CI, 1.29- 16.49; P-value 0.019), and Factory/ petrol station near residence (OR = 2.55; 95% CI, 1.08-6; P-value 0.032)). Conclusion: Identification of pneumonia’s risk factors could help in decrease the occurrence of the disease, This study investigated the main risk factors of pneumonia among under-five children in the Gaza Strip, which include (parental sociodemographic factors, maternal and child-related factors, and environmental factors), the results showed several factors had a significant association with the occurrence of pneumonia among under-five children, most of these factors were modifiable, by correction of these factors could decrease the burden of pneumonia.
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Knowledge, Attitude, and Health Seeking Action Related to Obstetric Danger Signs among Postpartum Women in the Gaza Strip
(Al-Quds University, 2024-12-09) Abdelrahman Ihab Jamal Hammouda; عبدالرحمن إيهاب جمال حمودة
The maternal mortality rate (MMR) remains at an unacceptably high level, with many deaths potentially preventable. The study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and health-seeking actions related to obstetric danger signs (ODS) and associated factors among postpartum women attending postnatal care in the Gaza Strip. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted over 20 months, from March 2023 to October 2024. The study included 383 women who had recently given birth and attended governmental primary health care (PHC) centres for BCG vaccination or postpartum (within 42 days after delivery) care, regardless of the place or outcome of delivery. A convenient sampling technique was used, and governmental PHC centres were conveniently selected, with one from each Gaza Strip governorate. Data was collected using an expert-evaluated, structured interview questionnaire, and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients (0.952 for Knowledge and 0.724 for attitude). The data were analyzed using the SPSS program. Results: The mean age of participants was 26.3 years, and 56% demonstrated adequate Knowledge of ODS. Additionally, 67.1% exhibited positive attitudes, and 65.4% of women who experienced ODS took appropriate health-seeking actions by visiting a healthcare facility. A significant relationship was found between health-seeking action and women's Knowledge, though there was no significant association with their attitudes. Employed women were 4.5 times more likely to have adequate ODS knowledge than unemployed women (OR = 4.49, CI = 1.494–13.514). Husband’s education level also impacted women’s Knowledge; women whose husbands had secondary education were 3.5 times more likely to have adequate knowledge than those with less-educated husbands (OR = 3.5, P = 0.003, CI = 1.549–7.951), with a stronger association for those whose husbands had higher education (OR = 4.52, P = 0.001, CI = 1.82–11.18). Attending only governmental clinics during antenatal care (ANC) was associated with a 67.2% decrease in the likelihood of being knowledgeable about ODS compared to attending governmental and private clinics (OR = 0.328, CI = 0.152–0.708). The study also identified two factors significantly associated with attitude levels: receiving counselling during ANC visits about the benefits of delivering in a healthcare facility (χ² = 4.733, p = 0.03) and the place of delivery, with women delivering in governmental hospitals more likely to exhibit positive attitudes than those delivering in private hospitals (χ² = 4.951, p = 0.026). Conclusion: This study highlights the critical role of women's knowledge about ODS in seeking appropriate actions during pregnancy, labour, and postpartum. While most women demonstrated adequate knowledge and positive attitudes, significant gaps remain, particularly influenced by factors such as employment status, husband's education, family size, and the location of healthcare facilities accessed during ANC visits. These findings suggest that improving access to comprehensive maternal health education for women and their families, as well as enhancing counselling services, may be key strategies for improving maternal health outcomes and reducing maternal mortality in the Gaza Strip.
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عبء الإثبات في الدعوى العمومية (دراسة مقارنة)
(Al-Quds University, 2017-01-04) Mai Abdel Rahman Ramzi
study examined the subject of proof in public proceedings, which is one of the important results of the principle of presumption of innocence that assumes every citizen of arms since the start of the public proceedings until its completion in a sense placing the burden on the authority of that case and the indictment of entrusted power to move and in accordance with procedures to ensure respect for the rights of the accused who are supposed to provide evidence of their innocence, the evidence of claims other than the contrary, rests with the authority to indict the burden of proving all the elements of the crime and its elements as well as validate Assigned to the accused and then study the role of prosecutors in proving lack of expiry of public proceedings and it's still vibrant so you can proceed with their investigation. The study was presented as an exception to the supposed origin and kinds of evidence and the extent of the impact in shifting the burden of proof of authority to indict the accused and the accused into power sometimes charge under review the practice of prosecutorial practices on burden of proof. The study aimed to develop a clear vision of the role of public prosecution in divesting the burden of proof in criminal procedure law, compared with what took him all of the Jordanian Code of criminal procedure on the one hand, and the Egyptian Code of criminal procedure. The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach and integrated comparison curriculum and it found a set of results the most important was the deficiency of the role of public prosecution to bear the burden of proving the case in Palestine. The study found that the provisions of the Act not apply accusation authority fully this demonstrates a lack of understanding of the prosecutors of the concept of the presumption of innocence, and lack of logistics to them to promote their role to the fullest of his books, and the number of members, in addition to the lack of possibilities for judicial officers, not to implement many of the memos that cause delay for wasting the community right and punish the culprits. At the end, the study recommended the enactment of a whole chapter on criminal evidence and procedure, the preliminary inquiry stage, entrusting the charge complete divesting in criminal evidence.