Environmental Studies الدراسات البيئية

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Hydrochemical and Isotopic Composition of Groundwater in Jericho Area Prepared By:Mohammad Rushdi Mohammad Al-Jundi
(AL-Quds University, 2005-09-11) محمد رشدي محمد الجندي; Mohammad Rushdi Mohammad Al-Jundi; عمر مرعي; Qasem Abdul-Jaber; Marwan Ghanem
During the last two years 30 groundwater samples were collected from Jericho in addition of 37 surface water samples were collected from flood water of Wadi AlQuilt and five samples from its channel, Chloride content of floodwater collected during the rainy months of 2003 has an average of 37.05 mg/L and the Na/Cl ratio is 0.83 which is close to the ratio in the rainwater. The SO4-2 and the NO3- concentrations are less than 1.0 mg/L. A small increase in Ca+2 contents with an increase in HCO3 - was noticed during the flood took place during March 2003 which indicate a relative long duration time of water in the soil horizon. The Ca+2 , Mg+2 content are parallel to each other indicating that they are originated from the same source which is carbonate rocks, while the Ca+2 is higher than Mg+2 that is related to the dominant of Limestone in the rock than dolomite. The Na/Cl ratio in all surface water samples is less than the ratio of Na/Cl in wastewater in the region which is 1, and closed to the ratio of rainwater 0.86, meaning that the influent of human activity in the catchments area is limited. The groundwater mixing interpretation shows that there is a high percentage of surface water infiltration into the groundwater reservoir and the ratios from surface water input to the groundwater ranging between 70 % up to 100 % in the western part of Jericho area and decreases eastward and far away from Wadi Al-Quilt and reach 20 % - 10 %, this conclusion conceder by the chemical results of the ground water samples, which show a low content of chloride 260 mg/L in the western part, and increased to 1700 mg/L in the eastern part, in the same direction the electrical conductivity ranging from 1400 s/cm up to 6800 s/cm toward the east, Na + ,Ca+2 concentration increasing from 140 mg/L up to 940 mg/L, 65 mg/L up to 200 mg/L respectively in the east. In the other hand the tritium content rebut this theoretical mixing due to the high content of tritium in the groundwater samples which is parallel to the increasing of salinity toward the east, this mean the traveling time of the flooding water is very short but enough to dissolute the minerals of the Lisan formation as a result the groundwater quality is degraded, and utilized the use of the available water for both domestic and agricultural activities.
The Occurrence and Formation Potential of Trihalomethanes in Drinking and Recreational water in Tulkarm District, Palestine
(AL-Quds University, 2005-11-27) عامر عطية سليم كنعان; Amer Ateyah Saleem Kanan; عامر مرعي; د. زياد عابدين; Ziad Mimi
Hydrochemical and hydrological Assessment of springs in Hebron area
(AL-Quds University, 2005-12-26) نضال محمد عبدالحميد نصار; Nidal Mohammad Abed-Hamid Nassar; قاسم عبدالجابر; Amer Marei; Ziad Qannam; Marwan Ghanem
Assessment of Environmental Electromagnetic Radiation from Mobile Telephone Base Station Towers in the West Bank and Gaza Strip
(AL-Quds University, 2006-01-07) جهاد ناجي عبدالله ابوالكباش; Jehad Naji Abdallah Abu Alkbash; عدنان اللحام; موسى أبو طير; عدنان عبد الباقي
Optimization Solid Waste Management in Nablus Joint service council
(AL-Quds University, 2006-01-08) جميلة امين أحمد الأطرش; Jameela Ameen Ahmad AlAtrash; عامر مرعي; عبدالرحمن التميمي; Marwan Ghanem
The existing solid waste management system in Nablus Joint Service Council (JSC) is suffering from the absence on a real plan for collection waste from localities with a clear vehicle routes. Therefore, the total process of SWM is affected by; collected fees are not covering the real costs of SWM, and solid waste service revenues normally flow into a general municipal account. Although, about 41% of total solid waste management cost is related to waste collection (Load waste, Expenses waste disposal/Sirafi, and Expenses Landfill); high amount from this cost is related to fuel (16%). Currently, the daily transportation cost for one ton collected by Nablus JSC is 36,718.55 ILS. In this study, a dynamic waste management model is developed by a proposed liner algebra mathematical model using GAMS software program; to minimize the transportation cost of the SWM process for municipal solid waste management system for identifying optimal Waste-flow-allocation, and to assist decision makers to improve solid waste management in Nablus JSC-SWM. The model has two scenarios one for minimizing the transportations cost by identifying the best route to transfer solid waste to the nearest transfer station with in Nablus governorate (Al-Sirafi or Beta). The second scenario is to give the optimal route and cost incase a recycling process were done in both transfer stations Al-Sirafi and Beta before delivering the waste to its last distention in Zahret Al-Finjan landfill in Jenin. The modeling results are valuable for supporting the planning of Nablus JSC management practices. The total transportation costs for the current used system is 36,718.55 ILS / day while applying the first scenario of GAMS model the total daily transportation costs using two transfer station will be 32,718.94 ILS which means is only 12 % of the current used system with 3,946.03 ILS daily saving from costs. Although, the results show that applying the second scenario is the best by including a recycling and re-using processes in the two transfer stations (Beta and Al-Sirafi) before delivering the remaining solid waste after the recycling process to Zahret Al-Finjan land fill in Jenin. The second scenario will make the iv total daily transportation cost is only 17,871.94 ILS which leads to 51% reduction on the existing daily total transportation costs. In order to improve solid waste management in Nablus JSC and the served 24 local government units (LGUs), and to improve the solid waste management for the JSC’s surrounding localities the emerging conditions for the adoption and operation of the model need to be addressed through the main stakeholder collaborations under the umbrella of Ministry of Local government (MoLG) as a decision maker to encourage the solid waste sector participation and the development of technological innovations for solid waste management in Palestine.
Study of Environmental Radioactivity in Jerusalem and Bethlehem by in-situ Gamma Ray Spectroscopy
(AL-Quds University, 2006-06-21) حسين يوسف حسين المصري; Hussein Yousef Hussein Al-Masri; عدنان اللحام; د. امين غروز; عدنان جودة
Effect of Irrigation with Treated Wastewater on Corn (Zea mays.L) Growth Parameters and Tissues Uptake of Pesticides.
(AL-Quds University, 2006-06-22) جهاد محمد نمر جرادات; Jehad Mohammed Nimer Jaradat; كلود الاعمى; Jaber Masalha; Khalid Sawalha; Raed AL-kowni
Hydrogeochemical and Isotopical Study of Groundwater Wells and Springs in Marj Na’ja Area
(AL-Quds University, 2006-06-25) طاهر محمد حامد دنون; Taher Mohammed Hamed Danoun; قاسم عبد الجابر; Amer Marei; Adnan Rasheed; Marwan Ghanem
Hydrogeochemical and isotopic study of the groundwater of Ein Samia, Al Auja, and Al Jiftlic wells
(AL-Quds University, 2006-07-15) رفيق ابراهيم محمد حجة; Rafeeq Ibrahim Mohammed Hijjeh; قاسم عبدالجابر; Adnan Rasheed; Marwan Ghanem
Study of Some Environmental Impacts of the Annexation and Expansion Wall on the Northern West Bank
(AL-Quds University, 2006-08-02) ريما أحمد يعقوب صالح; Reema Ahmad Yacoup Saleh; زياد قنام; معتز القطب; ثمين هيجاوي
Flora and Vegetation Analysis of Jericho Area
(AL-Quds University, 2007) رامي صلاح مصطفى جفال; Rami Salah Mustafa Jaffal; عامر مرعي; Dawud Al-Eisawi
iii Abstract The study area is about 22 km 2 located in the southern part of Jericho district. The mean annual precipitation in the study area is appr oximately 200 mm/yr of which approximately 60% falls in the three months of December, January and February. The average maximum temperature during coldest month and hot test month are around 19 ºC and 38 ºC respectively, while average minimum temperat ures for the same months are around 7 ºC and 22 ºC respectively. This study aims to investigate the present status of the plant diversity and the flora of the study area based on collecting, describing, identifying, and lis ting the plants species growing their and the vegetation analysis for th ose plant. According to survey it is found that there are 40 species in the study area and those species belong to 22 families. The result showed a predominance of the family Compositeae which it self comprises (20 %), with the number of (8) species, followed by the family Chenopodiaceae which comprises (10 %), with (4) species. Based on chorotype the species in the study area are classified into 12 categories. Analysis of chorological spectrum of the collected plant species showed a predominance of Mediterranean species which comprises (17.5 %) with (7) species. Mediterranean / Irano- Turanean chorotype also has the same percentage and number of species. The collected plant species are classified accord ing to their life forms into four types that are Theophytes, Phanerophytes, Hemicryphytes, and Chamaephytes. Analysis of biological spectrum of the collected plant species according to Runkiaer syst em of life forms of plants showed a predominance of Theophytes whic h comprise (42.5 %) with (17) species, followed by Phanerophytes which comprise (3 0 %) with (12) spec ies. Therophytes have greater capacity for growth than other life forms, apparently because of their wider ecological amplitude, greater plasticity in si ze, and their small growth requirements. It was estimated that the average of species density ranged between ( 0.097) and ( 12.258) plant/line . The highest density was for Malva parviflora , followed by Calendula palaestina with density of (5.52) p/L, where as the least dense species was Salvia dominca . Based on data analysis it is estimated that the freque ncy ranges betwee n (5.65 – 66.13 %). The most frequent species recorded is Seidlitzia rosmarinus , followed by Atriplex halimus with a frequent of (61.3 %), while the least frequent species is Salvia dominca .. According to the data obtained from this study, abundance ranges between (1.1 p/L) - (33 p/L). The most abundant species is Malva parviflora , followed by Rostraria perythea with abundance of (22.2 p/L), while the le ast abundant species recorded is Prosopis juliflora ..
Detection Of Helicobacter Pylori DNA In Water Samples In Palestine
(AL-Quds University, 2007-01-17) ليندا عبد الحليم عطا عطية; Linda Abed-Elhaleem Atta Atteyeh; ميساء العزة; عامر مرعي; Sameer Barghouthi; Musa Hindiyeh
Hydrochemical and hydrogeological investigation of water resources of the water of Serar Al-Janobi catchment area- Palestine
(AL-Quds University, 2007-01-17) معاوية محمد داود ربيع; Muawiya Mohammad Dawoud rabi; زياد قنام; قاسم عبد الجابر; الفريد عبد ربه
Estimation of Runoff and Infiltration using the curve number for Wadi Ta'amira / Bethlehem. (2007)
(AL-Quds University, 2007-01-24) ريم يعقوب ملكي زيتون; Reem Yacoub Malki Zeitoun; زياد قنام; قاسم عبد الجابر; الفرد عبد ربه
Effect of Treated Effluents on the Persistence of Atrazine in Clay Loam Soil Cropped with Zea Mays
(AL-Quds University, 2007-05-10) جواد علي بجاس حاسن; Jawad Ali Bajas Hasan; جابر مصالحة; Azam Saleh; Raed Alkowni
Microbiology of Water in Wadi Al-Arrroub Drainage Basin
(AL-Quds University, 2007-06-05) عيد أحمد عيسى الطوباسي; Eid Ahmad Issa Toobasi; دينا البيطار; Sameer Barghouthi; : Adham Abu Taha
Water resources in Palestine are threatened by many dangers; overexploitation of the Palestinian groundwater by the Israelis and pollution of groundwater by wide spread Israeli settlements on Palestinian land. These factors, along with poor awareness of protection of the environment by the Palestinians, seriously threaten the Palestinian water resources. From the public health perspective, this increases the level of water pollution which results in many health risks. The study of the microbiology of a water source is an important aspect in evaluating the quality of water. The global burden of infectious waterborne disease is considerable. Reported cases highly underestimate the real incidence of worldwide waterborne diseases, in this regard Palestine is no exception. Several studies in the West Bank dealt with the microbiology of water and pointed to the poor quality of water used for human consumption. These studies examined few microbiological indicator bacteria in cisterns, dug wells and swimming pools. One recent study (Atteyeh, 2007) examined the presence of DNA of Helicobacter pylori and other pathogens (presence of DNA rather than viable bacteria) in three Palestinian water resources, one of which is Wadi Al-Arroub. In this study the microbiology of a water basin in a heavily populated area of the West Bank, namely Wadi Al-Arroub was examined. The study focused on groundwater samples from 9 deep wells and 11 springs and identified several indicator bacteria, several bacterial pathogens, two protozoan pathogens, and nitrate level. The study was conducted in the period between May 2005 and January 2006 on water samples from Wadi Al-Arroub drainage basin in Palestine. The study catchment with an area of 61 km2 is a sub-basin of the Dead Sea-Jordan River Basin and part of the Eastern Basin of the Mountain Aquifer. The objective of this study is to provide information about Wadi Al-Arroub drainage catchment by identifying the different microbiological pollutants, their possible sources and the impact on water resources, and to highlight possible measures to improve the situation. iv Total coliform (TC), Faecal coliform (FC), Faecal streptococci, Total Viable Count, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Entameoba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, and nitrate (NO3) level were analyzed for ground water resources. Eighty five samples were collected; the TC bacteria isolated were identified in 17 (52%) out of 33 well water samples and 33 (94%) out of 35 spring water samples. Samples analyzed for FC were not detected in well water samples, but 35 (80%) out of 44 spring water samples had FC. This indicates that spring water is highly contaminated with wastewater infiltration from cesspits and stream wastewater. Faecal streptococci were detected in 5 (12%) out of 41 well water samples and 38 (86%) out of 44 spring water samples. Staphylococcus aureus was identified in 9 (22%) out of 41 well water samples and 36 (82%) out of 44 spring water samples. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in 3 (7%) out of 41 well water samples and 8 (18%) out of 44 spring water samples. The Total coliform bacterial isolates were differentiated into Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Escherichia coli and Faecal coliform and were identified at 48 %, 9%, 12%, 15% and 0% respectively in groundwater well samples. And were identified at 46%, 54%, 46%, 71%, and 80% respectively in spring water samples. This indicates more serious spring water contamination. The identification of E. coli in 5/33 (15%) of well water samples and in 25/35 (71%) of spring water samples is an indication of faecal contamination of these water sources. All well water samples had a Total Viable Count (TVC) less than 500CFU/ ml after chlorination which agrees with the WHO guidelines for drinking water ≤ 500CFU/ ml. Protozoal pathogens such as E. histolytica and G. intestinalis were not detected in any spring water samples in spite of the presence of bacterial indicators and pathogens. The nitrate (NO3) concentration (< WHO guideline 45 mg/l) is higher in spring water samples (75%) than in well water samples (20%). Nitrate is a major component of fertilizers which are overused in agriculture. Another source of nitrate may be wastewater from different sources especially poorly designed cesspits and stream wastewater. v These results show that tested springs are highly polluted and to a greater extent than the deep wells. This is directly related to the rocks characteristics and depth of ground water. Specific measures have to be taken to improve the situation of spring water, aimed at reducing the risk of waterborne infectious diseases.
Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy as an aid for The determination of Cyanobacteria in surface water In Jericho.
(AL-Quds University, 2007-06-09) نهى حجازي محمد حجازي; NUHA HIJAZI MOHD HIJAZI; معتز القطب; عامر مرعي
The aim of this investigation is to study the possibility of using FTIR spectroscopy for monitoring water quality. Water samples from three sampling sites were collected; monthly samples around the year (January 2006 till January 2007) were collected from site I (Jericho Aquaculture pond) one sample from site II (Jericho agriculture pond). While one sample was collected from sampling site III which was Sulaiman pond. All of these samples have been screened by the microscope for any presented microorganisms. Microscope results showed that all water sample collected from site I and site II contain Oscillatoria (cyanobacteria), which was dominant all over the year in site I and in site II. This dominance is mainly due to high nutrient levels in Jericho aquaculture in addition to the environmental conditions that are suitable for this microorganism. In the water sample that was collected from site III no Oscillatoria was presented, but few types of invertebrates and other types of microorganisms. To check the validity of FTIR in determining the type and amount of these microorganisms all water samples have been checked by FTIR . Results of FTIR showed Oscillatoria fingerprint in all samples collected from site I and site II. A different fingerprint was obtained for sample from site III. A standard of Oscillatoria was prepared to compare results with, Oscillatoria standard spectrum was identical to all spectra of samples collected from site I and site II, but completely different fingerprints for site III. In the quantitative test: in order to study the optimization of FTIR in Quantitative analysis of microorganisms. The same water sample that was containing Oscillatoria was exposed to sunlight to enhance Oscillatoria growth for one week. Daily water sample with about 100ml volume of water was filtered. All dry samples collected on the filter paper were milled and prepared as Kbr disks for FTIR analysis. FTIR showed that when the quantity of Oscillatoria was increased (proliferation enhanced by continues exposure to sunlight) the absorbance was increased (Transmittance was decreased) which reflect the suitability of FTIR in quantitative determination of these microorganisms. Various porosity filter papers was used in another investigation the effect of the porosity of filter paper on the diversity of microorganism presented in water samples. Results showed that Oscillatoria fingerprints were clearly identified. The results of these investigations show that FTIR is very accurate in determination of water quality because it can determine type and amount of microorganism found in water, early determination of water quality will lead to sustainable critical water resources. A rapid inexpensive method for water quality determination like FTIR is strongly recommended.
Environmental and Genetic Risk Factors for Pediatric Asthma in East Jerusalem / Palestine
(AL-Quds University, 2007-06-10) كفايه جمعه حامد حامد; KEFAYA JUMA HAMED HAMED; غسان بعلوشة; Dr. Lina El-Khairy; Dr.Hisham Darweesh
Pediatric asthma is a serious illness that poses tremendous stress on patients and their families alike. Unfortunately the disease's incidence is on a rise worldwide. Pediatric asthma is a chronic disease affecting the small bronchi leading to inflammation with subsequent edema and hypersecretion resulting in narrowing of the lumen demonstrated in cough, dyspnea and wheezes. Pollution, cigarette smoke, dust mite, domestic animal and extreme weather conditions are considered causative and triggering factors. Genetic factors play critical role in respiratory hypersensitivity also identified to be an important risk factor in pediatric asthma. Children are primary victims, being exposed, early on in life, to thousands of attacks of acute severe asthma and requiring hospital referral. The study aims was to identify the most prevalent environmental - genetic risk factors that affect pediatric asthma in east Jerusalem/ Palestine. The sample size consists of 300 children from East Jerusalem between 5 and 16 years old. One hundred patients represent bronchial asthma ,case and 200 with other diseases. The purposive sample is taken from four medical centers in East Jerusalem and two major medical institution ,Al- Makassed Islamic Charitable Hospital and Augusta Victoria Hospital (AVH). The study was approved by the scientific research committee at Al –Quds University, and a permission to conduct the study from the administration of Al- Makassed Islamic Charitable center, the Arab medical health center, the American medical center and from the Palestinian ministry of health center also along with permission from AVH and Makassed Islamic Charitable Hospital was obtained The Alpha 1 Antitrypsin genotype was perform for 50% of the samples (50 case, 100 control) in addition 300 questionnaire was distributed for 300 families of children selected in the study area . Pearson chi square was used to check the association of environmental risk factors that affect pediatric asthma in east Jerusalem Palestine. Result of the study demonstrate that there is a strong association between pediatric asthma and the presence of domestic animal in home , second hand smoking, and family history of asthma is strongly related to asthma .on the other hand genetic risk factor is poorly associated with asthma among children in east Jerusalem /Palestine.
Substituting protein sources for Tilapia with local food ingredients, a first step for introducing its culture in Palestine
(AL-Quds University, 2007-06-16) شيرين زكريا علي شهاب; SHEREEN ZAKAREA ALI SHIHAB; معتز القطب; Hassan Dweik; Renata Mashal
Status of iron deficiency anemia among schoolchildren in the central region of the West Bank, correlation with environmental and nutritional factors
(AL-Quds University, 2007-06-17) عوض موسى حسن سرور; Awad Mousa Hasan Srour; هشام درويش; د. عامر مرعي; د. أسمى الإمام; Mahomd Sror

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