Policies & Health Management

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    مقارنة مدى التزام الاطفال الفلسطينيين اللاجئين وغير اللاجئين حتى عمر السنتين بالثطعيمات
    (AL-Quds University, 2006-06-28) سليمان عطا توفيق غوشة; Suliman Atta Tawfiq Ghosheh; زياد عابدين; Mohamad Shaheen; Ted Tulchinsky
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    توجيهات العاملين في القطاع الصحي نحو مشروع قانون التامين تاصحي الوطني
    (AL-Quds University, 2011-01-08) وردة محمد ابراهيم المشاعلة; Warda Mohammad Ibrahim Mashaala; محمد شاهين; منى حميد; اسعد الرملاوي
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    مستوى رضا النساء المتزوجات من خدمات الصحه الانجابيه والمقدمة في منطقة رام الله. فلسطين
    (AL-Quds University, 2011-01-15) أيمن حسن عبد ابومحسن; Ayman Hasan Abed Abu Muhsen; محمد شاهين; Dr. Murshid Farhat; Dr. Najjah Khateeb
    Reproductive health (RH) in a community compromise the main aspect of overall community health where patient satisfaction with this aspect contributes to increase the quality of the service provided and patient participation at his/her treatment. The main aim of this study was to assess married female level of satisfaction with reproductive health care services provided at Ramallah district- Palestine. The population of the study consists of all married females who seek reproductive health service from a reproductive health centers in Ramallah district. A total of 300 married females were targeted for the study and interviewed while existing from the centers, 30 of them were piloted and excluded from the study, a total of 248 female were responded from the rest 270 yielding to respond rate of 91.8%. A pre tested Likert five scale questionnaire were used, six domains of satisfaction were studied for satisfaction (quality of service, informativeness, accessibility to the centers, waiting time, gender sensitivity and privacy). The results revealed a relatively high satisfaction (64.2% satisfied and 29% were strongly satisfied) with reproductive health service provided at Ramallah from different providers; Governmental, United Nations Relief and Work Agency, and Non Governmental Organizations. Despite this evidence of satisfaction, the study results show that there are some leading factors of dissatisfaction attributed to a range of factors as; long waiting time to enter the examination room, gender of the service provider and privacy tools as; shutters, and screens, some of them are harder to control thanother. In relation to the type of provider, it was found that governmental organizations had the highest level of participant’s satisfaction, followed by the NGOs which was ranked secondly, while the UNRWA had the lowest level of satisfaction. In addition, results revealed that centers located in villages and nearby the participants resident area had higher level of participant’s satisfaction from the centers located in cities. This relatively high satisfaction finding could be justified to the enhancements done on reproductive health services by different providers in the past few years while taking into consideration the sensitive needs of this type of services, and due to the competition andgeneral development all aspects especially in terms of coverage, fund raising, well trained human resources and quality dimensions. From the results of this research, it is highly recommend to raise the community awareness regarding the importance of their reproductive health and to incease the number of resources and logestics to ease the access to reproductive health centers,. In addition, other recommendation should take place onsite as: reducing the waiting time before interring the exam room; the heath practitioner to be from the same gender while delivering a reproductive health service, it was emphasized that all health staff have to introduce themselves before starting the reproductive health examination. Staff caring and cooperation, the availability of privacy in addition to the service quality and specialized female staff are all considered to be very important factors in directing participants to the type of provider of a reproductive health service point to get the service from..
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    تقييم العرض و الطلب على خدمات أطباء الأسنان في محافظة جنين
    (AL-Quds University, 2011-06-26) محمود ناجي محمود الحمدان; Mahmoud Naji Mahmoud Alhamdan; معتصم حمدان; محمد شاهين; Ahmad Rahal
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    تقييم وجهات نظر فني وأخصائيي المخترات الطبية والتصوير الطبي حول الاحتياجات التطويرية لهم في الضفة الغربية
    (AL-Quds University, 2011-12-10) عبد السلام فايز حمدان عويضات; ABDEL SALAM FAYEZ HAMDAN OWAIDAT; اسمى الامام; محمد شاهين; د. احمد رحال
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    حجم ونتائج العنف الموجه ضد الاطباء والتمريض في المستشفيات الحكومية في شمال الضفة الغربية
    (AL-Quds University, 2012-02-23) محمد تميم يوسف كتانه; Mohammad Tameem Yousef Ketaneh; معتصم حمدان; اسمى الامام; توفيق ناصر
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    جودة حياة مرضى السرطان الفلسطينيين في غياب خدمات الرعاية التلطيفية
    (AL-Quds University, 2013-01-13) محمد حسين حماد خليف; MOHAMMAD HUSEIN HAMMAD KHLEIF; أسمى الإمام; د. معتصم حمدان; د. أمل البندك
    Background overall Quality of Life (QoL) is fundamental for both well and ill people. For the cancer patients it is a vital issue in the presence of this devastating condition that depletes all the resources on both the individual and community level. This study looked into the cancer patients QoL at the most difficult times of their lives. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in Palestine; 12.4% of all deaths (MOH, 2012). Most of the cases are diagnosed in late stage (Husseini et al, 2009), and very low levels of pain control and palliative care are available (AL-Sadeel Society website, 2012). Methods The aim of this study is to assess QoL domains scores and symptoms experience within the Palestinian culture. The study was carried out in the only three main settings available for treatment of cancer in the West Bank of Palestine. In-depth interviews with 10 cancer patients were done to reveal the uniqueness and any special concerns for Palestinian patients. And a cross sectional design studied 323 patients to reveal associated factors with QoL. The data collection tools were structured in-depthinterview questions and the QoL assessment tool of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC QLQ C-30) to which socio demographic data were added. Findings Both qualitative and quantitative parts of this research were in harmony in representing the poor health related QoL (41.8%) of the cancer patients. The predictors of poor QoL were advanced stage of cancer (β= -0.3, p<0.001), poor economical condition (β= 0.19, p=0.001), low educational level (β= 0.12, p=0.04), and long duration of treatment (β= -0.11, p=0.04). As well, the generated qualitative themes supported these results; the main expressed needs of the cancer patients were financial aid, pain management, fully equipped healthcare facilities in their vicinity, availability of medications and qualified staff, eradication of stigmatization, communication and psychosocial support, health education, home nursing care, and palliative care.QoL functions were low and below half of the full function in most cases; physical (48.5%), role (48.8%), emotional (46%), cognitive (60.5%), and social (50%). Moreover, severe symptoms were experienced by cancer patients; fatigue (66.6%), pain (63%),insomnia (56.4%), appetite loss (45.3%), and financial difficulties (64.6%). These results were lower than other studies in the region, denoting difficult conditions of Palestinian patients with cancer. Conclusion Palestinian cancer patients are suffering from quite difficult conditions. These can be divided to two main streams; socio-economic factors of the patients, and inability of the healthcare system to early detect, diagnose, treat, and provide professional support, especially to advanced stages cancer patients. So, and for better QoL, there is desperate need for integrating palliative care services into the health care system in Palestine as quality improvement, cost-effective and economically efficient measure, and develops social welfare system. As well as, there is a need for early detection, and awareness and education for cancer patients and health care providers.
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    determinants of oral health behaviors among adolescents in jerusalem
    (Al-Quds University, 2013-06-02) Heba Mohammed Al Kafrawe; هبة محمد الكفراوي
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    تقييم جودة الخدمات المقدمة في كلية طب الأسنان-جامعة القدس
    (AL-Quds University, 2013-06-04) طارق هيثم راتب رابي; Tarek Haytham Rateb Rabi; اسمى الامام; Musa Bajali; Emad Hussein
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    تأثير العينات الطبية المجانية على سلوك الأطباء في جنوب الضفة الغربية
    (AL-Quds University, 2013-07-13) بسام محمد يونس ابو جحيشه; Bassam Mohammed Younes Abu Jheishah; أسمى الإمام; د. حسين الحلاق; د. سعيد السراحنة
    Background: Pharmaceutical companies introduced the idea of free samples with a view to promotion and marketing of their products. The promotion is an effective tool which is used for introducing products to the clients. The drug companies are spending huge amounts of money on promotion. Promotion strategy has effects directly on the consumers despite the fact that in pharmaceutical advertising the efforts are directed toward the service providers and not to the medicine consumers. Therefore this research looked at the effect of free samples on the behavior of doctors in dispensing of medicines. Methodology: This study aimed to identify the effect of free medical samples on the behavior of physicians in the southern West Bank, according to the following variables: gender, age, years of experience, the country where he studied, specialty, level of education, and the workplace. The study sample consisted of 269 randomly selected physicians from all doctors practicing medicine in Hebron and Bethlehem. The response rate was 81.8%. A descriptive analytical design was used to achieve the goal of the study. A questionnaire based on the literature review was developed and tested for validity by panel of experts and internal consistency by calculating Cronbach alpha which was 0.74 Results: The study findings that the respondents have average estimated degrees (69.75%) about the activities undertaken by pharmaceutical companies for introducing its brands. And the overall score for physicians’ behaviors regarding drug prescriptions was average (64.25%). And, there were seven statements with high percentages, eight items average and one paragraph low. And the overall score for the free medical samples effect on thebehavior of doctors was average (65%). And it ranged between 29.25%-72.50%. And findings that there were no statistically significant differences at α≤0.05 in the effect of free samples on the doctors behavior in the South of West-Bank related to the following variables: sex, age, years of experience, qualifications, country of study, specialization,work place, the number of monthly visits by Representatives, and the amount of promotion activities practiced by pharmaceutical companies. And there were significant differences at α ≤0.05 in the impact of free samples on doctors behaviors related to type of company that provides pharmaceutical propaganda, and to type of promotion activities. Recommendations: The study recommends that must educate physicians to the importance of adherence to biomedical ethics. And the physicians should participate in medical conferences (update) information in the pharmaceutical industry to enable them to apply it in the treatment of patients Also recommends to create mechanisms that shall enable and motivate physicians to follow-up their patients, especially those receiving new medications. And to motivate physicians to access and review research studies on pharmaceutical products and their effectiveness. And to create and adopt policies to regulate the relationship between doctors and pharmaceutical companies by the Ministry of Health.
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    تقييم معايير الجودة والاداء لدى ممرضي وممرضات اقسام غرف العمليات في المستشفيات الحكومية في الضفة الغربية
    (AL-Quds University, 2014-05-13) أسماء محمد أحمد عبد الحق; asma mohammad ahmad abdelhaq; اسمى الإمام; معتصم حمدان; د. شاهيناز نجار
    Background: Improving the quality of health care becomes the primary concern of all health care institutions. Operating Room (OR) nurses are part of the healthcare providers and they should be knowledgeable about the quality of health services in order to perform their roles in improving patient‘s safety. Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the application of quality care and nurses performance standards in operating rooms in the Palestinian governmental hospitals in the West Bank. Method: A quantitative cross sectional descriptive design was used. The population of the study consisted of all operating room nurses working at 10 Governmental Hospitals in the West Bank/Palestine. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 129 nurses, out of which (77.5%) responded, Data was analyzed by using the statistical package of social science (SPSS) version 17. Findings: The results of this study showed that the overall level of quality care standards application was moderate in the following standards; nursing assessment (63.2%), cleaning and sterilizing surgical instruments (81.3%), positioning patients according to the type of surgery (75.45%), using of homeostasis devices (71.25%), wound management(82.8%)andinfecationcontrol(77.78%). And it was high in the following standards; counts in surgery and sample preparation (91.5%), and preparation for surgery (89.36%). On the other hand low in reporting errors (58.68%). OR nurses, who were older, applied the quality care standards of cleaning and sterilizing surgical instruments more than younger (P< 0.035). Female nurses applied preparation for surgery standards more than male nurses (P<0.028). On the other hand there was no significant difference in the application of quality care standards in the operating rooms this is due to the academic level, training period, training site, years of experience. Also, results showed that OR nurses who worked in hospitals that have less numbers of operating rooms, applied quality standards (cleaning and sterilizing surgical instruments (P<0.008%)preparation for surgery P<0.017, positioning patients according to the type of surgery (P<0.001), wound management (P<0.014%), reporting errors (P<0.002) more than those who work in hospitals that have more numbers of operating rooms. OR nurses who work in hospitals that have low numbers of nurses applied quality standards of Using homeostasis devices (P<0.002) and Infection control (P< 0.011) more than those work in hospitals that have more numbers of nurses in OR wards. The overall application of performing standards was moderate in standard of Ethics (71.8%)، but it was low in the following standards; resources utilization (58.25%), professional practice evaluation 58.95%,leadership 57.1%, education 44.58%, quality of practice 44.3% and collaboration 28.08%). Nurses who had less experience years, applied performance standard of Education more than more experienced (P< 0.019). On the other hand there was no significant difference for academic level, training periods، scientific qualification, training site, age, gender, and standards of performance application. Also results showed that OR nurses who work in hospitals which have high numbers of OR nurses ( more than 13) applied the following performance standards: ethics (P< 0.017), collaboration (P<0.003), resources utilization (P<0.028), leadership (P<0.001) more than who work in hospitals that have low numbers of OR nurses. And OR nurses who work in hospitals which have less numbers of operating rooms (1-3) applied the following performance standards: professional practice evaluation (P<0.001), resources utilization (P<0.000), quality practice (P<0.009), Education (P<0.009), Ethics (P<0.020), more than those work in hospitals that have more numbers of operating rooms.Conclusions and recommendations: The study employed an assessment of the quality standards and nursing performance of perioperative nursing care in operating rooms at Governmental Hospitals in the West Bank. The compliance of OR nurses with quality standards was moderate whereas the compliance with performance standards was low which was reflected on nurses's performance and patient safety. So, there is a need for improving quality culture in Governmental Hospitals by introducing a policy and strategies for applying quality standards and performance appraisal of OR nurses. Additional studies needed to clarify the causes that prevent the application of quality and performance standards.
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    وعي النساء الحوامل لنقص فيتامين ' د ' في الجسم في 8 عيادات خاصة في منطقة ا رم الله
    (AL-Quds University, 2014-05-14) خالد طارق امين حرزالله; Khaled Tareq Amin Herzallah; أسمى الإمام; حازم الأغا; Basma Damiri
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    العوامل التي تؤثر على الامتثال للعلاج بالعقاقير وتغيير نمط الحياة في عيادات الرعاية الصحية الأولية في محافظة بيت لحم
    (AL-Quds University, 2014-05-18) امل محمود يونس العزه; AMAL MAHMOUD YOUNIS ALAZZEH; محمد شاهين; د. معتصم حمدان; د. أميه خماس
    Antihypertensive treatment is an important challenge and public health issue, compliance to treatment of hypertension is one of the important factors that affect blood pressure control, no enough studies had been done about this issue in Palestine. In this study compliance to drug and lifestyle modification treatment were investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the factors affecting compliance to antihypertensive drug treatment and recommended lifestyle modifications among hypertensive Palestinian patients attending primary health care clinics in Bethlehem district. A descriptive cross sectional design was applied on systematic random sampling, sample of 300 hypertension participant at UNRWA, Government, and Non-Governmental clinic, using an interviewer administrated close ended questionnaire which depended on Health Belief Model. The questionnaires were filled face to face, the response rate was 100% in all clinics, Data analysis was done using (SPSS) version 19 to measure compliance on a 4- point Likert scale. The most important findings were (65.6%) of the participants were female, and (34.3%) were male, participants had a range age of (28-80). Among the total respondents (32.6%) didn’t had any complications, (67.1%) had one problems or more related to hypertension,the majority of the respondents took one to three medication (96%), ( 0.7%) didn't had any medications. (99.1%) took one to three doses of medication per day, (69.3%) of the total respondents didn't skip any dose and (30.7%) skipped one or more dose. And there was a strong significant association between doses skipped per day (p-value = 0.000) perception of severity (p-value = 0.003), perception of barriers (p-value = 0.000 and internal factors (p-value = 0.001) of total respondents and treatment compliance. ForUNRWA respondents there was significant relationship between gender (p-value =0.035), doses skipped in the last three days (p-value =0.035), perception of barriers (p-value =0.001), internal factors (p-value = 0.011) and treatment compliance. For the government respondents there was significant association between doses skipped in the last three days (p-value = 0.000) and body mass index (p-value = 0.013), perception of severity (p-value = 0.039), perception of barriers (p-value = 0.008), cues to action (p-value = 0.019) and treatment compliance. For the NGO there was association between educational status(pvalue = 0.037)and occupational status (p-value = 0.03), perception of barriers (p-value =0.024), internal factors(p-value = 0.008) and treatment compliance. The best predictor variables for treatment compliance were perception of barriers, perception of internal factors and perception of severity of total respondents. For UNRWA respondents the best predictor variables were perception of barriers and perception of internal factors. For Government respondents the best predictive variables were perception of barriers and cues to action. For NGOs the best predictive variables were internal factors and perception of barriers. This study concluded that the most important factors affected treatment compliance of therespondents were doses skipped, gender, body mass index, educational status, occupational status, perception of severity, perception of barriers, cues to action and internal factors. This study concluded that the total respondents were compliance to their drug treatment and lifestyle modification, NGOs respondent were more compliant than UNRWA and Government respondents in drug treatment while Government and UNRWA were more compliant than NGOs in lifestyle modification Key words: Compliance; hypertension; lifestyle modification; drug treatment.
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    سلامة المرضى خلال المرحلة ما قبل و ما بعد التحليل المخبري في مستشفى بيت جالا الحكومي
    (AL-Quds University, 2014-10-01) ميشيل وليم ابراهيم لاما; Michael William ibrahim Lama; اسمى الامام; motasem hamdan; basma al- damiri
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    تجارب المرضى للأحداث غير المرغوب فيها اثناء اقامتهم في المستشفى : دراسة في المجمع الطبي الفلسطيني ، رام الله
    (AL-Quds University, 2015-07-04) مي طارق محمود بشر; May Tareq Mahmoud Bisher; معتصم حمدان; أسمى الإمام; Musa Hindiyeh
    Background: Some patients are subjected to undesirable safety events during hospitalization and their health may be negatively affected by the health care received. The consequences can be permanent injury, an increased length of stay (LOS) in hospital, and in some cases even death. As health systems become more complex and interrelated, the focus on patient safety has intensified. Wide-ranging efforts have been devoted to evaluating the harm incurred by patients and to learning from errors, but data about health care problems reported solely from the perspective of professionals engaged in this field is insufficient. Therefore, this study addresses patient-centered data that take into account the patient’s experience of undesirable safety events within three main categories: medical complications, health care process problems and communication problems. Aim: To investigate patient experience of undesirable safety events and to evaluate the extent and nature of harm occurring during hospitalization. Methods: The survey design was a quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional survey. Existing updates to the Picker survey tool were reviewed, translated and adapted to the Palestinian context, and validated by an expert committee in the area of patient safety. Chronbach’s alpha test was conducted to test the reliability of the survey categories and items and showed an overall acceptable internal consistency (0.778). The study was carried out in the Palestinian MedicalComplex in Ramallah. The study sample consisted of adult medical and surgical patients who had already spent at least four days in hospital. Findings: The survey was conducted on a total of 98 patients, of whom fifty percent were females and fifty percent were males, with a mean age of 57 years. Of those surveyed, 46.9%were over 60 years of age; 58.2% were medical patients; and 41.8% were surgical patients. The mean length of stay was seven days. Patients reported a total of 851 undesirable events (an average of 8.68 events per person). Patients reported 168 medical complications (20%), 187 health care process problems (22%), and 496 communication problems (the highest event rate with 58%). About 43% of the patients rated the undesirable safety events they had faced as high risk, and 20.4% of patients indicated that they had had serious concerns about experiencing a medical error in their care prior to being admitted to hospital. The results showed that patients with poor and very poor health were more exposed to experience undesirable safety events (P =0.015). Also, surgical patients reported more problems in the care process than medical patients (P=0.047). Participants who had experienced health care process problems rated their experience of undesirable events as posing a high degree of risk (P<0.001). Finally, communication problems between patients and health professionals have a very detrimental effect on patient health (P<0.001).
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    تقييم وجهة نظر التمريض تجاه الاخطاء الدوانية - المستشفيات في فلسطين
    (AL-Quds University, 2015-07-04) رضا رضوان صبري سلمي; Reda Radwan Sabri Silmi; معتصم حمدان; Hussein Hallaq; Hussein Jabareen
    Background: Medication errors are one of the most common causes of accidental errors affecting patients’ safety and can cause serious consequences for patients. Medication errors are underreported worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Which lead to the lack of information regarding the problems of medication errors. Aim: To assess the input from nurses’ regarding several issues in medication error, exploring their perception towards medication error causes, types, rate, and reporting. which might help in pinpointing some areas in medication safety issues where there is potential for making improvement to be reflected in the nurses practices regarding medication managements at hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The study was conducted in three hospitals; public, private, and NGO. A total of 267 nurses participated in the study Findings: The overall response rate was (57.17%). Female were 59.8%, and males 40.2%. The most perceived causes of MEs were lack of pharmacological knowledge and skills (82%), and heavy workload and shortage of staff (77.7%). As for the most common types of MEs, wrong medication dose (57.5%) and wrong time (53.2%) were the most prevalent. The mean number ofcommitted MEs in the past 12 months was 1.94, and the mean number of reporting medication errors in the past 12 months was 1.6. With regard to the most common type of medications involved in MEs, antibiotics was given the highest frequency in MEs. Regarding the level of harm resulted from medication error that occurs in the past 12 months, the higher frequency was for MEs causing temporary harm to patients (28.2%). Moreover, participants from the NGO and public hospitals scored higher than private hospital participants inregard to shortage of nursing staff and heavy work overload cause (P<0.001). Also 57.9% of participants with bachelor’s degree indicated the effect of lacking pharmacological knowledge and skills more than diploma and graduate studies participants (P<0.001). Finally a statistically significant relationship was found in the frequency of committing MEs (P=0.001) and frequency of reporting MEs (P<0.001) in relation to the hospital ownership. Conclusions: the results of the study indicate that there are areas of potential improvements in Palestinian hospitals. Medication safety interventions should be formulated to address strategies to reduce and eliminate medication errors.
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    العوامل الغذائية ومخاطرها على الإصابة بمرض الورم الليمفاوي غير الهودجكن بين الفلسطينيين
    (AL-Quds University, 2015-09-12) مرام محمد شاكر دحدول; maram mohammed shaker dahdol; رانيا أبو سير; حازم آغا; صبري الصغيّر
    Background: The incidence of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) increased worldwide during the second half of the last century and then stabilized during the nineties but subsequently increased. Environmental factors and dietary habits have been reported to play an important role in the etiology of NHL by influencing the immune system. However, no such data are available from Palestine. Objectives: To participate in establishing a platform to study B-NHL in Palestine and further to examine the association between dietary factors and the risk of B-NHL among Palestinian B-NHL patients versus controls. Design: Case-control study. Methods: A case-control study was conducted between 2009-2013 including 306- histological confirmed B-NHL cases and 392 cancer-free controls among adult Palestinians recruited from three major Palestinian hospitals in the West Bank and Jerusalem which have an oncology department in addition to Hadassah Hospital in West Jerusalem. In the primary study analysis, an imbalance was encountered in the regional distribution of cases and controls in the central area. In order to correct for this imbalance, I recruited 71 controls from the primary health care centers in Jericho, Ramallah and Al-Azaria on the basis of frequency matched case-control study in terms of age and gender and region. The study participants were administered a questionnaire which is based on the international Epi-Lymph questionnaire, which focuses on demographic characteristics, types of environmental exposure and on diet and nutritional intake, specifically meat, milk, dairy,vegetables and fruits. Blood samples were also collected from participants for the purpose of DNA purification and viral serology testing. The overall data-base was used to study the association between nutritional factors and the risk of NHL. The data was analyzed by Statistical Package for the SocialSciences(SPSS)and associations were examined by multivariate logistic regression. For food intake analysis, the median value for each food group was calculated from overall distribution of the study population in order to use the value below the median as a reference value to detect associations by logistic regression. Results: High consumption of meat (OR=1.8; 95% CI: 0.8-4.3) and milk (OR=1.3; 95% CI: 0.7-2.6) was found to be positively associated with the risk of B-NHL. Vegetable intake was also positively associated with the risk of B-NHL (OR=1.3; 95% CI: 0.4-4). Similarly, dairy products were significantly associated with an increased risk of B-NHL (OR=2.3; 95% CI: 1.2-4.4). In contrast, a significantly inverse association was encountered between fish consumption and B-NHL risk (OR=0.4; 95% CI: 0.2-0.8), and an inverse association was found between the consumption of fruits and B-NHL risk (OR=0.7; 95% CI: 0.2-2.1). Conclusion:The results of this study showed that dietary intake may affect the risk of NHL as positive associations were found with meat, milk, dairy products and vegetables consumption, while an inverse association with fish and fruits consumption was encountered. Keywords: dietary factors, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, case–control study, Palestine.
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    تقييم وتطوير نظام استيراد الغذاء في فلسطين /الضفة الغربية
    (AL-Quds University, 2015-09-19) معن خليل صالح السروجي; MAAN KHALIL SALEH ALSROUJI; ابراهيم عفانة; صالح صوالحة; محمد السيد
    This study has aimed at studying the Palestinians system for importing stuffs and identifying all parties related to this system whether they are governmental or non-governmental and also recognizing the stages that the trader pass through from the beginning of importing until the goods reach the stores of the trader before displaying them in the market. It has also aimed at assessing and developing this system through answering the following questions: What are the governmental institution that are related to importing food.1 in Palestine? What are the non-governmental and local institutions that are relevant.2 to importing stuffs in Palestine? ؟ What are the crossing points among these governmental institutions.3 ؟ What is the effectiveness of the governmental institutions in controlling.4 food importing stuffs which aren’t complied the imported Palestinian system? Is it possible to build a system for importing food stuffs in Palestine.5 through a unified outlet? For answering these questions, the researcher has used a studying tool, that iscomparing the Jordanian importing food system and the Israeli importing food system with Palestinian one, then using the Jordanian system as a reference for this comparison.This study has farmed a challenge for the researcher as it unique and this thing has made it. More difficult task as there isn’t any possibility for making use of other previous studies that are related to this subject, so he depended a Jordanian and Israeli system as previous studies and as a tool for comparing and deducing recommendations for developing the Palestinian system for import food stuffs. This study has been conducted on the ministries and the private sector institutions in the west bank that are related to system and they are: . The Ministry of National Commerce.1 . The Institution of Measurement and.2 . The Ministry of Health.3 . The Ministry of Agriculture.4 . Palestinian Shipping Council.5 In addition to visited the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and also visiting: . Food and Drug Association.1 . The Ministry of Agriculture.2 . The Ministry of Industry and Trade. 3
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    evaluation of the quality of cardiac care services at the european Gaza hospital
    (Al-Quds University, 2015-11-30) Abdul Latif Mohammad Alhaj; عبد اللطيف محمد الحاج