Institutional Building & Human Res. Dev.

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The Relationship between Human Resources Strategies and Improving Employees’ Performance in Palestinian Ministry of Interior
(Al-Quds University, 2020-06-04) Somia Abdelkader Ibrahim Alaoui Belghiti; سمية عبد القادر إبراهيم العلوي البلغيثي
This study aims to identify the relationship between human resources strategies and improving employees’ performance in the ministry of interior/West bank /Civil Section, and to determine dimensions of human resources strategies and determine the factors that need improvements in order to improve the level of performance of the Palestinian Ministry of Interior. Thus, descriptive and analytical method approach to achieve the study objectives. A representation stratified random of the study is consisted of 169 individuals of 423 employees in the supervisory management level at the ministry, from all over the West Bank branches of the Interior ministry of Palestine. The questionnaire, which used a 5-point Like scale questions and was built from six main axes, five for the independent variables and sixth axis for the dependent variable . 169 questionnaires have been distributed, although 146 questionnaires were used in the analysis. The study used descriptive statistics (Frequencies, means and percentages) to answer the research questions. The statistical tests: (T-test, One Way Analysis of Variance,Tukey test, Pearson Correlation, Cronbach Alpha),wereusedto test the hypotheses study. After the analysis, the results revealed that the implementation level of human resources strategies was moderate, as the mean was (3.07) and standard deviation equaled (0.557). The study concluded that, despite of the existence of human resources strategies inside the Palestinian Ministry of Interior, currently; the human resources strategies were insufficiently implemented. The results have also shown that the application level of improving employees’ performance was also moderate, as the mean was (2.87) and the standard deviation equaled (0.722). Findings from correlation analysis revealed human resources strategies have a strong positive relationship with improving employees’ performance, as the correlation was 0.721. The study concluded that, innovative recruitment and selection system, regular training and development of personnel, equity-based compensation system, performance appraisal system, are the key of human resources strategies that influence improvement of functional performance in Palestinian Ministry of Interior. Keywords: Recruitment, Selection, Training, Performance Appraisal, Compensation, Human resource practices, Employees’ performance, Palestinian, Ministry of Interior تهدف هذه الدراسة الى التعرف على العلاقة بين استراتيجيات الموارد البشرية وتحسين أداء الموظفين في وزارة الداخلية / الضفة الغربية / الشق المدني، وتحديد أبعاد استراتيجيات الموارد البشرية والعوامل التي تحتاج إلى تحسينات لتحسين مستوى الأداء بوزارة الداخلية الفلسطينية. استخدمت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة. تكون التمثيل الطبقي العشوائي للدراسة من 169 فردًا من 423 موظفًا في مستوى الإدارة الإشرافية في الوزارة، من جميع مديريات وزارة الداخلية الفلسطينية بالضفة الغربية، وقد استخدم الاستبيان أسئلة بمقياس ليكارت من خمس نقاط وتم بناؤه من ستة محاور رئيسية: خمسة للمتغيرات المستقلة والمحور السادس للمتغير التابع. تم توزيع 169 استبيان وتم استخدام 146 استبيان في التحليل. استخدمت الدراسة إحصائيات وصفية: ) Frequencies, Means and Percentages ( للإجابة على أسئلة الدراسة. واستخدمت الاختبارات الإحصائية: T-test , One Way Analysis of Variance , Tukey test(Pearson Correlation , Cronbach Alpha ( لاختبار الفرضيات. )7.. كشفت النتائج بعد التحليل أن مستوى تنفيذ استراتيجيات الموارد البشرية كان متوسطًا، حيث كان المتوسط ) 3 والانحراف المعياري ) 3....(. وخلصت الدراسة إلى أنه بالرغم من وجود استراتيجيات الموارد البشرية داخل وزارة الداخلية الفلسطينية يبقى تطبيقها بشكل غير كافي. كما أظهرت النتائج أن مستوى التطبيق لتحسين أداء الموظف كان متوسطًا أيضًا، حيث كان المتوسط ) 2.87 ) والانحراف المعياري ) 0.722 .) النتائج المستخلصة من تحليل الارتباطات أظهرت بأن هناك علاقة إيجابية قوية بين استراتيجيات الموارد البشرية ... وتحسين أداء الموظفين بقيمة 3.0 وخلصت الدراسة إلى أن نظام التوظيف والاختيار المبتكر، والتدريب المنتظم وتطوير الموظفين، ونظام التعويض القائم على الإنصاف ونظام تقييم الأداء، هي مفتاح استراتيجيات الموارد البشرية التي تؤثر على تحسين الأداء الوظيفي في وزارة الداخلية الفلسطينية.
Towards an Entrepreneurial University Model: Case Study of the Palestine Polytechnic University
(Al-Quds University, 2020-06-06) Meera Khalil Shuaib Salaimeh; ميرا خليل شعيب السلايمة
This study aimed to introduce a proposed model for the transformation of the Palestine Polytechnic University (PPU) towards an entrepreneurial university, through studying the reality of entrepreneurship in the university from the perspective of the senior and middle management at PPU. To achieve the study objectives, a descriptive/ exploratory approach was used, and the comprehensive survey was applied to all members of the study population. Furthermore, data was collected from respondents of (38) administrators, which was composed of (university president, vice presidents, deans, heads of academic departments, heads of administrative departments, center managers) using a well prepared a questionnaire as a main tool which analyzed using SPSS program. Moreover, an interview with the university president was conducted to ensure the accuracy of the information. The main findings show that that there are no statistically significant differences between the responses of senior and middle management towards the availability of entrepreneurship in the university due to the work experience. While there are statistically significant differences between the responses of senior and middle management towards the availability of entrepreneurship in university leadership, the university environment, and university internationalization due to the current position. Moreover, the findings show that the reality of entrepreneurship at PPU was somewhat high consecutively in (curricula appropriate to the needs of the labor market, community relations and partnerships, academic exchange, entrepreneurship culture, entrepreneurial education, and university internationalization). Whereas, the reality of entrepreneurship has a moderate degree consecutively in: (University policies and regulations, scientific research and innovation, university leadership, then the university environment that got the lowest moderate degree. The findings also indicate that the university leadership has a high degree in terms of importance in achieving entrepreneurship, while academic exchange has the lowest degree in its importance .On the other hand, the findings indicate the university's need for funding resources, which is an additional supportive requirement to accelerate the achievement of entrepreneurship at the university. Depending on these results, the study provides a proposed model to transform PPU to an entrepreneurial university and a mechanism to effectively achieve the university’s pioneering vision in a way that contributes to the university’s development, and in order to present this model to the decision-makers.
اتجاهات العاملين في جامعتي القدس والعربية الأمريكية نحو تقييم أدائهم والأنظمة والتعليمات ذات العلاقة
(AL-Quds University, 2007-06-06) سوزان رفيق حلمي العارضة; Suzan Rafiq Helmy Al-Ardaa; د. مفيد الشامي; د. احمد ابو دية; د. عبد الفتاح الشملة
اتجاهات المراة الفلسطينية في جنوب الضفة الغربية نحو العمل في الأجهزة الأمنية الفلسطينية وسبل تحسينها
(AL-Quds University, 2013-05-26) فاطمة موسى محمد ابو رحمة; Fatimeh Mousa Mohammad Abu-Rahmeh; ذياب عيوش; د. نايف جراد; د. فدوى الليدي
اتجاهات النساء العاملات نحو قانون العمل الفلسطيني وعلاقته بمشاركة المرأة الفلسطينية في سوق العمل
(AL-Quds University, 2016-12-13) سرين رفيق محمد الحموري; Serin R M Alhammouri; فدوى اللبدي; الدكتور محمد فهاد الشلالدة; الدكتور عبد الوهاب الصباغ
اتجاهات أعضاء المجالس البلدية نحو تطبيق إدارة الجودة الشاملة في بلديات جنوب الضفة الغربية وعلاقتها بالأداء المتوقع
(AL-Quds University, 2008-05-04) عوني محمد خليل رجعي; Awni Mohammed Khaleel Rejee; سمير أبو زنيد; د. زياد قنام; د. يوسف أبو فارة
أجريت هذه الدراسة في النصف الثاني من العام 2007م، وقد اقتصرت هذه الدراسة على بلـديات جنوب الضفة الغربية، والتي تكونت من 25 بلدية مصنفة (A,b,c) في محافظتي الخليل وبيـت لحم، وكان مجتمع الدراسة هم أعضاء المجالس البلدية، وأخذت عينة مكونة من (163) مفردة مـن مجتمع الدراسة البالغ (301) عضو. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على اتجاهات أعضاء المجالس البلدية نحو تطبيـق إدارة الجـودة الشاملة في بلديات جنوب الضفة الغربية، والاختلاف في الاتجاهات حسب متغيرات المؤهل العلمي والتخصص وعدد سنوات الخبرة والعمر ونوعية العضوية وتصنيف البلدية والمحافظة، كما حاولت الدراسة معرفة العلاقة بين اتجاهات أعضاء المجالس البلدية نحو تطبيـق إدارة الجـودة الـشاملة والأداء المتوقع في حال تطبيقها في البلديات. وتنبثق أهمية هذه الدراسة من الدور المهم الذي تقوم به البلديات في المجتمع الفلسطيني في تقـديم الخدمات الأساسية والمسؤوليات التطويرية فـي النـواحي التنمويـة والاقتـصادية والاجتماعيـة والسياسية، باستطلاع أفق الإدارة العليا نحو تطبيق إدارة الجودة الشاملة باعتبارها أحـد المـداخل الإدارية الحديثة في الإدارة، واستفادة البلديات والمعنيين عمليا من نتائج الدراسة. اعتمد الباحث في منهجية الدراسة المنهج الوصفي لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة، حيث قام الباحث بإعداد استبانة لجمع المعلومات المتعلقة بالبحث اشتملت على مجالات أساسية تتعلق بإدراك إدارة الجـودة الشاملة، وثقافة إدارة الجودة الشاملة، ودعم الإدارة العليا، ومـشاركة العـاملين، والتركيـز علـى المستفيدين، والتأثير في المجتمع، وتم تحكيمها من قبل عدد من المختصين، للتأكد من صدقها كمـا تم التأكد من معامل ثباتها باستخدام معادلة كرونباخ ألفا حيـث بلـغ(4.95 (وأصـبحت جـاهزة للاستخدام، وقد بلغ عدد فقراتها في صيغتها النهائية 92 فقرة، وقد جـرى توزيعهـا علـى عينـة عشوائية طبقية والبالغة 196 عنصراً من مجتمع الدراسة، تم استعادة 171 منها وكان الصالح منها 163 استبانه، كما تم استخدام برنامج الحزمة الإحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية SPSS ،فـي معالجـة البيانات إحصائياً بعدد من العمليات شملت استخراج الأعـداد والنـسب المئويـة، والمتوسـطات الحسابية، والانحرافات المعيارية، وتحليل التباين الأحادي ANOVA Way –One ،واختبـار -t test ،واختبار توكي Tukey ،ومعامل ارتباط بيرسون (person correlation). وقد أوضحت الدراسة أن اتجاهات أعضاء المجالس البلدية نحو تطبيق إدارة الجودة الـشاملة فـي بلديات جنوب الضفة الغربية كانت ايجابية في الإجابة على فقرات الاستبانة على جميع مجالات أداة الدراسة وعلى بعدها الكلي، كما تبين وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في مستويات المتغيرات على عدد من المجالات وفقاً لمتغيرات الدراسة وهي:(المؤهل العلمي، والتخصص، ونوعية العـضوية، والمحافظة). بينما اتضح توفر النظرة الموحدة لدى أعضاء المجالس البلدية بعدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية على المجالات وفقاً لمتغيرات الدراسة وهي:(عدد سنوات الخبرة، والعمر، وتصنيف البلدية). و تبين أيضاً وجود علاقة قوية دالة إحصائياً بين الاتجاهات الايجابية لأعضاء المجـالس البلدية نحو تطبيق إدارة الجودة الشاملة وتوقعاتهم الايجابية للأداء في حال تطبيـق إدارة الجـودة الشاملة في بلدياتهم. واستناداً إلى نتائج الدراسة فقد قام الباحث بإدراج عدد من التوصيات كان من أهمها: تهيئة البلديات نحو تطبيق إدارة الجودة الشاملة بزيادة الوعي وتطوير ثقافة إدارة الجودة الشاملة.
اتجاهات تغير المؤشرات البيئية الفلسطينية (المياه والارض) حتى عام 2030 اعتمادا على تغيرها في الفترة 1995-2012
(AL-Quds University, 2014-05-10) ديانا عمر علي ساعد; Diana Omar Ali Saed; عبد الرحمن التميمي; د. عبد الوهاب صباغ; جواد الحسن شقير
Given that Palestine is continually exposed to social variables, economic and political, the main objective of this study is to identify the Palestinian environmental indicators and trends in the future under different scenarios that may arise in Palestine according to the political, social and economic terms, and in order to achieve this objective previous literature on the subject of environmental indicators has been reviewed, with a focus on indicators of water and earth, the general direction of the movement of these two indicators was monitored, based on the indicators of behavior in 1995-2012. The study aimed through descriptive approach and analytical style to answer the question what are the direction and the general tendency of the indices of water and the land until 2030, and what is the reflection of these changes on the ability of the Palestinian authority to carry out sustainable development plans, for this hypothesis an interview was performed with a sample target of experts and local institutions have been selected for their interest in the subject of study, in addition a comparison between the conclusions of the study quantitative and qualitative and the results of the mathematical model WEAP has been done. The study was performed in the year 2013/2014, the conclusion is that there is a negative tendency significantly affect the economic and social conditions for each of the water index and the land, especially with existence of the occupation, in the other hand there are weak possibilities of Palestinian authority to deal with these two indicators scenario, these possibilities will be still limited to stop the deterioration especially if Israel still isolate areas (c), and there are negative consequences for the tow indicators in the scenario of Palestinian satae without Jerusalem or the Jordan valley, where PA will lose a percentage of (6.4%) (11.7%) of land and (41%) (37.7%) of water.
اثر التحفيز على الرضا الوظيفي لموظفي البنوك التجارية في محافظات جنوب الضفة الغربية
(AL-Quds University, 2006-08-12) عبدالوهاب احمد موسى الجندي; Abd ALwahab Ahmad Mosa ALJondiI; عبد الفتاح الشملة; د. يوسف ابو فارة; د. سمير ابو زنيد
اثر التوتر وضغوط العمل على أداء منتسبي جهاز الأمن الوقائي الفلسطيني من وجهة نظرهم جنوب الضفة الغربية
(AL-Quds University, 2006-06-08) سامي نايف علي الحساسنه; Sami Nayef Ali Hasasna; مروان جلعود; لا يوجد
Effect of tension and work pressure on performance of staff of Palestinian Preventive Security department from point of view the staff themselves in West Bank. This study took place between July, 2005 and August, 2006. All staff of the Preventive Security in south of west Bank, Whose number rises to (410) in both Bethlehem and Hebron had been studied. The study, generally, aimed to recognize the effect of tension and work pressure upon performance of people in the Preventive Security. At the same time, recognizing the nature of tension and work pressure and their effect upon performance of the staff. Then, let officers in- charge realize our study to help in future planning. The remarkable reasons for carrying out the study were the real shortage and/or the absence of this kind of studies, the public and private effects in performance of security offices based on academic basis, the significant decline in the performance of said staff, in general due to a number of external reasons i.e damages of headquarters by Israeli forces, then re-occupying areas under Palestinian Authority and last the political changes in Palestinian regime. On the other hand, the remarkable internal reasons for the study were recognizing sources of tension and work pressure (organizational, functional, personality) and their effects on performance of individuals. The researcher, to achieve the study, used the analytical descriptive method. He gathered data, studied and tested hypothesis statistically by referring to previous literature, observing, besides to self- experience in reference to his position as officer in the Preventive Security. He analyzed and considered the output statistically, using (SPSS). The results of the study showed that the level of tension and work pressure at staff of the Preventive Security is high. The five study fields that were arranged according to the research tool (demographic, organizational, functional, personality and external) cause a high degree of tension and work pressure on staff. Moreover, the study showed differences of statistical indication at the level (0.05=) in the sense level of the staff in regard to tension and work pressure resulted from causes: organizational, functional, personality and external one related to age, educational qualification, rank, classification bases, pre-work, years of experiences, place of work and job title. The results of study, in addition, showed no differences of statistical indication at the level (0.05=) in sense of the staff in regard to tension and work pressure resulted from causes in: Organizational, functional, personality and external one related to sex, social status and reasons for joining the Preventive Security Department. The most considerable recommendations the researcher concluded were: creating a clear mechanism to evaluate performance in an organized and scientific method so that the department could recognize fields of strength and weakness in individual's performance. Then, transferring joiners of Preventive Security Department, particularly, officers from their home- residences to other directorates. Besides, activating individuals affairs management in order to carry out their duties in fields of employment, evaluation, training and others. Finally, distributing motivations and privileges in a just and fair way among staff, and giving chance to officers to take over suitable ranks.
ادارة الجودة الشاملة في الهيئات المحلية في الضفة الغربية ودورها في التنمية المستمدة
(AL-Quds University, 2009-04-29) سماح خالد علي قصراوي; Samah Khaled Ali Qasrawi; أمجد الغانم; د. زياد قنام; د. يوسف ابو فارة
استدامة المشاريع الزراعية المنفذة من قبل المؤسسات غير الحكومية في قرى شمال وشرق الخليل بين الواقع ووسائل التعزيز
(AL-Quds University, 2006-09-16) جواد حسن علي المناصرة; Jawad Hassan Ali Manasra; طلعت التميمي; /; عدنان شقير; د. محمد ابو عيد
الاحتراق الوظيفي لدى الموظفين الإداريين في الجامعات الفلسطينية جنوب الضفة الغربية أسبابه والمتطلبات المؤسسية لمواجهته
(AL-Quds University, 2012-06-13) علي عبد الرحمن ابراهيم أبو زنيد; Ali Abdel Rahman Ibrahim Abu Znaid; محمد الجعبري; د. عمر الصليبي; د. ياسر شاهين
الاحتياجات التدريبية لمنتسبي شرطه المرور في محافظات جنوب الضفه الغربية
(AL-Quds University, 2013-05-26) عطا عبد الفتاح محمد الجوابرة; Atta Abd Al-Fattah Mohamad Al-Jwabre; عبد الفتاح الشملة; د. عبد الوهاب الصباغ; د. محمد عوض
الانماط الفكرية لدى مديري المؤسسات في وكالة الغوث الدولية في الضفة الغربيه و تاثيرها علو انماط القيادية من وجهة نظر المدراء انفسهم
(AL-Quds University, 2012-02-17) عيسى سالم خميس ابو خيران; Issa Salem Khamis Abu Khiran; فدوى اللبدي; د. غسان سرحان; د. سمير ابو زنيد
الأبعاد التنموية للسياحة الداخلية في منطقة جنوب الضفة الغربية والآليات المقترحة لتطويرها
(AL-Quds University, 2012-05-19) مراد يوسف البشيتي; ياسر شاهين; فايز فريجات; د. سهيل سلطان
الإمكانات والفجوات في الأمن الغذائي في الضفة الغربية من وجهة نظر المؤسسات الحكومية والأهلية العاملة في المجال الزراعي
(AL-Quds University, 2017-11-19) عبير عودة الله محمد الحميدات; abeer odahtallah moahamd alhmedat; عبد الرحمن التميمي; منصور غرابة; عامر مرعي
This study aimed to Know the potential and gaps in food security in the West Bank from the perspective of governmental and private institutions working in the agricultural field. The Population of study consisted all the employees who are working in the governmental and private agricultural sector and their number around 1500 in west bank , and the sample of study consist 100 of them. Of the justifications for choosing this subject is the tendency to follow up the new topics that standup on many of successive developments and transformations. Especially in front of the challenges that imposed by the economic situation to serve the interests of development, and the desire to identify the facts of food security because of its serious and dangerous implications on the economic and social development. To achieve this goal the study followed descriptive statistical method and Indicative statistical method to reach the desired results, The study tended to use the descriptive method to describe some indicators of the Palestinian economy and the size of the food aid that are introduced to the Palestinian lands during twenty five years 1988 – 2013, the researcher use the questionnaire as a tool to reach to many facts about the food security, she use also the interview method. The questionnaire consists sixty paragraphs that are distributed to four parts: the ability to solve the food problem, the rule of the national institutions in solving the food problem, the rule of the governmental institutions in solving the food problem, the rule of the external assistance in solving the food problem. And to ensure the stability of the study tool, it was used the Cronbach's Alpha formula, The value of the stability rate was ( 0.97) and it's a high value that meets the study objectives. To achieve the aims of study and answer it's questions, the researcher used The following statistical analyzes: Cornbach's Alpha formula to ensure the stability of the study tool and Pearson correlation coefficient to verify the veracity of the study instrument. The results of the study indicate that the food security is a social phenomenon with multidimensional, so it's necessary to study it from this side, and it is a political process that in it involving the state and the citizen. And there is a group of resources and agricultural energies are not exploited until now, and there is a clear failure in the level of agriculture and technological services and a lack of the investment financial allocations and the human resources. The study recommended with several recommendations To activate the public and private investments in agriculture field. To Make a strategies and tools to avoid the riskiness and to manage it, and to increase the chances of making them available for the farmers. The adaptation with the climate change. To develop the investment environment in agriculture sector. To increase the attention with the agriculture research and to provide the necessary funding to improve the agriculture centers.
التحديات التي تواجه ربط الخطط الإستراتيجية بمرحلة التنفيذ في بلديات محافظة الخليل
(AL-Quds University, 2017-03-25) هبه سيان عبد الرسول شرحه; Hiba Seyyan Abed Alrasool Sharha; محمد (محمد حافظ) الجعبري; Dr. Rashid Jayosi; د.إياد خليفة; د.محمد عمرو
التنوع السلوكي لفريق العمل وأثره على الاداء الابداعي : دراسة حالة - قطاع الرعاية الصحية في مدينة الخليل
(AL-Quds University, 2018-06-25) فهد محمد بركات محمود دويك; fahed mbarakat mahmod dweik; ابراهيم عوض; محمود الجعفري; سعد الكرونز
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of behavioral diversity on the creative performance in primary and secondary health units at Hebron sector. To achieve this aim, a descriptive and empirical methodology was adapted. A questionnaire was specifically developed for collecting the data needed for this study. 303 structured questionnaires were collected from employees of health care sector. Obtained results from the research questionnaires were analyzed by using the SPSS software. In addition to that, a stepwise Multiple Regression analysis was used to gauge the effects of behavioral diversity on creative performance. The main Results show that three aspects of behavioral diversity, which are orientation and expectation, communication style and organizational culture, have significant effect on creative performance. Orientation and expectation have the most significant effect and some variety according to organization type and employee position. However, other aspects of behavioral diversity, work style and thinking style, did not have a significant effect on creative performance. Finally, workload, shortage employees member, administration reduced support have been challenged employees creative performance. Study proposed some practical suggestions to improve creative performance that can be summarized by the following: 1. Empowerment of supportive policies for collaborative work and professional behavior. 2. Reinforcement sense of collective responsibility among employees to encourage permanent commitment in health care units towards patients and society.
السياسات الحكومية وأثرها في تحقيق التنمية الزراعية المستدامة في المحافظات الجنوبية الفلسطينية
(AL-Quds University, 2022-08-13) جهاد نهاد جهاد الوحيدي; Jehad Nehad Jehad Alwahidi
هدفت هذه الدراسة للتعرف على السياسات الحكومية وأثرها في تحقيق التنمية الزراعية المستدامة في المحافظات الجنوبية الفلسطينية، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم تصميم الدراسة باستخدام المنهج الكيفي في جمع البيانات وتمثل مجتمع الدراسة بالعاملين في منظمات المجتمع المدني الزراعية، ووزارة الزراعة، وسلطة المياه، والمهندسين الزراعيين، وقد تم اختيار عينة الدراسة بطريقة اختيارية بلغت (10) أفراد. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن السياسات الزراعية تساعد في تحقيق التنمية الزراعية المستدامة في المحافظات الجنوبية الفلسطينية لو تم تطبيقها بشكل كامل, وهذا ما لم نشهده على أرض الواقع، كما أن هذه السياسات تحظى بدرجة قليلة من الشرعية والتوافق، حيث يوجد ضعف في التنسيق بين المحافظات الشمالية والجنوبية فيما يتعلق بالسياسات الزراعية، كما أن هناك استخداماً جائراً للمبيدات، وللسياسات الزراعية دور أساسي في الحد من تأثير التغيرات المناخية على القطاع الزراعي. أما على صعيد الوضع المائي فإن الوضع سيء فهناك شح في مخزون المياه وعدم الاستفادة من مياه الأمطار كما يجب، بالإضافة للتلوث الكبير في مياه الشرب، كما إن استخدام السياسات المائية له أثر كبير على جودة الواقع المائي فهي تعمل على تحسين نسبة المياه الصالحة للشرب في الشبكات العامة للمياه، وضمان الوصول العادل للمياه لجميع المواطنين. أما على صعيد أثر السياسات الزراعية والمائية على العدالة الاجتماعية فإنها لا تحقق العدالة إلا في أمور قليلة مثل موضوع المياه المعالجة، أما من ناحية أسعار مدخلات الانتاج وأسعار المياه وقطاع الدواجن وحجم الاستثمار فإنها في الغالب لا تحقق العدالة، بل يستفيد فئة معينة ولا سيما كبار المزارعين على حساب فئات أخرى. أما على صعيد دور السياسات الزراعية في التمكين الاقتصادي فإن السياسات الزراعية والمائية تساعد العاملين في القطاع الزراعي على تحقيق دخل شهري مناسب وتلبي المتطلبات الحياتية المرتبطة بجوانب الانفاق المتنوعة، وتعزز الأفكار الاقتصادية نحو التوسع المستقبلي في الأعمال، وتعزز نظرة المجتمع للمرأة العاملة في الزراعة، وتعزز مكانة الفرد داخل الأسرة، وتسهم في تشغيل الأيدي العاملة. وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة أن تعطي الحكومة للقطاع الزراعي والمائي أولوية في موازناتها وتدخلاتها وسياساتها أسوة بباقي القطاعات الأخرى التي تهتم بها الحكومة، والعمل على تعويض المزارعين عن الأضرار التي تلحق بهم جراء الاعتداءات الاسرائيلية، والعمل على إنهاء الانقسام السياسي لما له من تداعيات طالت كافة القطاعات الاقتصادية، وتطوير قوانين حماية المستهلك وسن الأنظمة والتشريعات المتعلقة بحماية وتطوير المنتج من أجل رفع معدلات نسبة الاكتفاء الذاتي. Government Policies and their Impact on Achieving Sustainable Agricultural Development in the Southern Governorates of Palestine. Prepared by: Jehad N. Al-Wahidi Supervisor: Nabil abu Shamala The aim of this study is to identify government policies and their impact on achieving sustainable agricultural development in the Southern Governorates of Palestine, and to achieve the objectives of the study, the study was designed using the qualitative method of data collection and represents the study community with workers in agricultural civil society organizations, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Water Authority and agricultural engineers, and the sample of the study was selected in an optional manner amounting to (10) individuals. The study found that agricultural policies help to achieve sustainable agricultural development in the southern Palestinian governorates if they are fully implemented, and this is not seen on the ground, and these policies have a low degree of legitimacy and compatibility, where there is a weakness in coordination between the northern and southern provinces with regard to agricultural policies, and there is an unfair use of pesticides, and agricultural policies play a key role in reducing the impact of climate change on the agricultural sector. In terms of the water situation, the situation is bad, there is a scarcity of water stocks and the lack of proper access to rainwater, in addition to the significant pollution in drinking water, and the use of water policies has a significant impact on the quality of the water reality, as it works to improve the proportion of drinking water in public water networks, and to ensure equitable access to water for all citizens. In terms of the impact of agricultural and water policies on social justice, they do justice only in a few things, such as treated water, but in terms of the prices of inputs, water prices, the poultry sector and the volume of investment, they often do not do justice, but benefit a particular group, particularly large farmers, at the expense of other groups. In terms of the role of agricultural policies in economic empowerment, agricultural and water policies help agricultural workers to achieve a suitable monthly income and meet life requirements associated with diverse aspects of spending, promote economic ideas towards future business expansion, enhance society's perception of women working in agriculture, enhance the individual's place within the family and contribute to the employment of the labour force. The study recommended that the government should give priority to the agricultural and water sector in its budgets, interventions and policies, as in other sectors of concern to the government, work to compensate farmers for the damage caused to them by Israeli attacks, work to end the political divide because of its repercussions on all economic sectors, and develop consumer protection laws and enact regulations and legislation on the protection and development of the product in order to raise the rates of self-sufficiency.
الطاقات المعطلة والمستلبة في قطاع الصناعة التحويلية وتأثيرها على التنمية الاقتصادية في فلسطين
(AL-Quds University, 2016-04-26) حيدر رمضان حسين حجه; Haidar Ramadan Husien Hajjeh; عزمي الأطرش; د. منصور غرابة; د. سعدي الكرنز
Given the importance of the industry sector, and its role in strengthening the sustainable development, its positive impact on the economic and social development, reducing the economic burdens resulting from the deformation of the production structure in Palestine, the search aims to highlight the most important constraints, challenges, and the distortions of structural productivity inherited from the occupation, which form an obstacle to the development of the Palestinian industrial sector through the diagnosis of key indicators and their impact on both the total and sub-total levels and to determine the general characteristics, and the inoperative and usurped capacities in the manufacturing sector as a result of policies and practices of the Israeli occupation and its influence on the development in Palestine. Moreover, it aims to develop a strategy and appropriate policies capable of leading an advanced industrial sector that leads the material and social construction of the Palestinian society, and to conceptualize the future of Palestine. The study is made up of five chapters: the first one dealt with the background of the study in terms of its objectives and related questions. Chapter II dealt with the particular concepts of the, its types and divisions, and the role and the importance of the industry in the development as well as the strategies of manufacturing, its mechanisms and its advantages and disadvantages, besides the structure and basis of the industry. The third chapter presents a brief history of the industrial sector in Palestine since the British Mandate from (1922) until (2014). It also reviewed the obstacles, opportunities and challenges that faced the sector. The methodology and procedures of the study were reviewed in the fourth chapter. The results of the study and their discussion were reviewed in the fifth chapter. Chapter six is totally devoted to the conclusions and proposals. The multi-systemic (multi-method), represented by the descriptive and analytical (content analysis) and correlative was used in data analysis as an approach in the study in order to examine the relationships between variables, and to express it quantitatively and qualitatively to arrive at conclusions and generalizations that help to explain the studied reality, and predicting its variables. The historical approach in the study of historical data and the analysis of its content was used along with the qualitative method (qualitative) were used through the analysis of industry indicators from the years (1994-2014). The data was collected, examined, classified and scheduled so as to make it easier to deal with by a computer and processed statistically using the processing tables program (Excel), calculate averages, percentages, totals, percentage change rates, and average. The research depended on analyzing the reality of the manufacturing industries in order to determine the energies that were disrupted, to identify ways to help develop this sector due to its importance to the development and analysis of trends and relationships, and to set the different forecasts under three scenarios. First, maintain the status quo during the beginning of the establishment of the Palestinian National Authority, where the rate of employment in the manufacturing industries in (1997), as the base year, was (12.5%), and the rate of employment growth in manufacturing industries was 6%. Second, achieving growth after the establishment of the Palestinian National Authority, where the rate of employment in the manufacturing industries in (1997), as the base year, was (12.5%), and the rate of employment growth in the manufacturing industries with the unemployment rate of (8%). Third, achieving growth after the establishment of the Palestinian National Authority with its control over its resources, and the achievement of operating average in the manufacturing industries at a rate of (18%) like Independent States that has a good control over their resources such as the Kingdom of Jordan, where rate of unemployment in its manufacturing industries is (8%). The study has arrived at several findings, conclusions and proposals. The results have confirmed, in general, the level of alienation and disruption in manufacturing industries and their impact on economic development was significant according to all scenarios that have been applied. The results were consistent with international studies and reports. The most significant results are: • The ratio of disruption among the workforce amounted to about (46%) out of the total employed in manufacturing industries according to the first scenario. However, the rate according to the second scenario was (84%) and of about (167%) according to the third scenario. • The percentage of alienation and disruption in production volume was about (47%) of the total manufacturing output according to the first scenario and at a rate of about (88%) in accordance with the second scenario. According to the third scenario the rate was around (170%). • It was found that worker productivity was the largest in the manufacturing of tobacco products, paper products industry, manufacturing of rubber and plastics products, followed by food products and beverages industry, followed by the furniture industry, the garment industry, metals industry, and manufacturing of materials and chemical products. • The percentage of alienation and disruption in the contribution of manufacturing to GDP is about (47%) of the overall contribution of manufacturing industries to GDP according to the first scenario and around (85%) according to the second scenario as well as a rate of about (166%) according to the third scenario. • The percentage of alienation and disruption in capital formation, and this demonstrates the size of investments disrupted, about (128%) according to the first scenario, a rate of about (187%) according to the second scenario, and at a rate of about 312% according to the third scenario. • The percentage of alienation and disruption in the possibility of reducing imports, and thus their replacement by increasing local production was about (42%) of total imports with a total reached (1856) million dollars according to the first scenario, it was about (76%), and the total reached (3418) million dollars, according to the second scenario, and it was about (150%), and it amounted to a total of (6584) million dollars, according to the third scenario. •The percentage of alienation and disruption in raising the value of exports was about (47%), of the total exports, according to the first scenario, was around (85%), according to the second scenario, and at a rate of about (166%), according to the third scenario. • It was found that the manufacturing of food products and beverages, manufacturing of rubber and plastics products, other non-metallic mineral products industry, and the furniture industry accounted for the bulk of exports followed by tobacco products industry, tanning industry and dressing of leather and manufacture of bags, shoes, wood products industry, chemicals and chemical products, manufacture of basic metals, metal products industry, except machines, and the furniture industry. • It was found that the manufacturing industries have a significant or noticeable ability to replace the imported goods as indicated by the results of the study, especially in certain industrial activities (food products and beverages industry, industry of rubber and plastics products, and other non-metallic mineral products industry, the furniture industry, followed by tobacco products industry, tanning industry and dressing of leather and manufacture of bags, shoes, wood products industry, industry, chemicals and chemical products, manufacture of basic metals, metal products industry, except machines, and the furniture industry), which requires a focus on its development and support. • It was found that the ability of the Palestinian economy, if it regains its resources, according to the third scenario, and has a national and independent control over them, the GNP could reach to (18500) million dollars, based on the analogy of the reality of the Jordanian economy as a similar economy, where the ratio of the contribution of the manufacturing industries to the GDP reached (20%).

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