Environmental Studies الدراسات البيئية

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Application of Combined Integrated Pretreatment Rotating Biological Contactor Followed by Planted Soil Filter for Domestic Wastewater Treatment
(AL-Quds University, 2007-10-05) عبد الله عدنان شريف أبو كشك; Abdallah Adnan Shareef Abu Kishk; عامر مرعي; Oliver Bederski; لا يوجد
Depletion of water resources including deterioration of water quality in Palestine is a very important environmental theme that requires direct and urgent measures. Average per capita water use is among the lowest in the world (60L/C/D) and the average cost of making water available to the public is among the highest (20 NIS/CM). Moreover, groundwater resources are rapidly deteriorated for different reasons; one is due to the infiltration of untreated wastewater that influencing directly the quality and availability of this scarce and essential resource. Moreover, lack of wastewater management has a direct impact on problems related to public health, marine and coastal pollution in Gaza, deterioration of nature and biodiversity as well as landscape and aesthetic distortion. In spite of the fact that Israel prevent the construction of wastewater treatment facilities it still imposes penalties on the Palestinian Water Authority accusing Palestinians of deteriorating the environment. Due to water scarcity and high population growth in Palestine 3.75 %, water is becoming an increasingly scarce resource and planners are forced to consider any sources of water which might be used economically and effectively to promote further development. In this study, the feasibility of using partially submerged rotating contact reactor followed by horizontal subsurface flow soil filter constructed wetland for the treatment of domestic raw wastewater in the study site Langenreichenbach (Saxony), and the feasibility to transfer the technique to Palestine was investigated. The performance of a rotating biological contactor (RBC) followed by horizontal soil filter (HSF) due to high strength raw wastewater treatment application in the treatment pilot plant Langenreichenbach was the subject of this study. The selection of rotating biological contactor (RBC) to pre- treat the influent of horizontal soil filter constructed wetland (HSF), was due to its proved efficiency of high COD and nitrification removal, while using the HSF as demonstrated tertiary treatment for hygienic removal. In addition, taking in consideration the cost effective of such combination system appealed for developing countries. Effects of major process variables such as COD concentration and loading rate, ammonia concentration and loading rate in addition to constant feeding wastewater flow rate on the rate of COD removal, nitrification and nutrients removal efficiency were investigated. The reduction of parasitical load was also investigated. The system was operated under three different condition phases (Initial, Phase1 and Phase 2), where the third operation (Phase2) was the targeted phase with 109 L/h feeding rate. HSF was put into operation on 23/6/2006 and the mode at this was continues flow with loading rate (60 L/m².d = 14 L/h). HSF adapted to work under phase2 operation conditions where average SS concentration inflow into HSF was at the lowest level during this operation phase. The results obtained reflected the high purification level achieved within such combination system that the final effluent met the German and Palestinian (Class A) standard for reuse treated wastewater in irrigation purposes. Recommendations drawn from the results, presented that composite sample must take place to present the raw wastewater influent. However, raw wastewater must be properly pretreated to eliminate the SS and to avoid the excessive sludge at the RBC effluent, as iv well as proper and well designed ST must take place after RBC system to eliminate SS to allowable concentration for HSF influent.
Assessing Ecosystem Responses to Land-Use Changes by Soil Quality Index
(AL-Quds University, 2018-07-14) اسراء سليمان عبدالله العصا; Israa Sulieman Abdullah Alassa; جواد شقير; Mohannad Qurie; Issa Baradieh
The change in land use from natural land regarding land used by humans in various areas is critical to the global ecosystem, which in turn affects soil conditions. In order to improve our understanding of land use, our study focuses on soil health assessment and it depends on long-term environmental research area near Wadi Nar in Al-Ubeidiya to assess the ecosystem response to land use, including tillage practice. The aim of this study is to evaluate of the effects of tillage on soil health for each system (natural, pastoral A, pastoral B) by using soil quality index. Three systems are studied: natural (no tillage), tillage with the removal of plants (pastoral A) and tillage without the removal of plants (pastoral B). In order to assess soil health, the chemical, biological and physical parameters of the soil must be analyzed. During our study, soil quality is assessed using the method of registration in each index using the SQI soil quality index, which determines the level of soil degradation, by collecting data on selected chemical, physical and biological indicators for each soil. Numerous statistical calculations were performed, including the PCA analysis, which shows the correlation between transactions in all systems at a given depth. Soil health assessment was used in detail for each laboratory of chemical, physical and biological indicators based on Cornell's book. The result of soil quality index for natural land is 16, where a number of indicators have been adopted to determine the quality of the soil. The pastoral system A achieves 15.4 while pastoral B has the highest value of 16.3. The result shows that according to the soil quality index, management types including tillage and plant retention, can improve soil quality. The higher the values are, the better the soil quality is. The best soil quality index in our study is 39 and the lowest value is 10 based on the equation used to calculate the soil quality index.
Assessment of Environmental Electromagnetic Radiation from Mobile Telephone Base Station Towers in the West Bank and Gaza Strip
(AL-Quds University, 2006-01-07) جهاد ناجي عبدالله ابوالكباش; Jehad Naji Abdallah Abu Alkbash; عدنان اللحام; موسى أبو طير; عدنان عبد الباقي
“Assessment of Radiation Protection Awareness, Policies and Practices among Palestinian Radiographers in Governmental Hospitals-Palestine
(AL-Quds University, 2018-05-19) محمد سعيد محمد حسان; Mohammad Saeed Mohammad Hassan; عدنان اللحام; Mohammad Hjouj; Mohammad Jamal
Assessment of Radon Concentration in Dwellings in East Jerusalem,Hebron and Jericho
(AL-Quds University, 2010-12-18) امال صبحي سليم شاور; Amal Subhi salim Shawar; عامر مرعي; Dr.Adnan Lahham; Dr. khalil Dabayneh
Assessment of Sediment Transport along Wadi Al-Gar
(AL-Quds University, 2019-05-05) سلام طلال عبد الفتاح دودين; salam talal abd alfatah dodeen; جواد شقير; عامر مرعي; مروان غاتم
Assessment of Vulnerability and Risk Mapping at Marsaba -Feshcha Catchment
(AL-Quds University, 2016-05-05) مي موفق محمد رحال; Mayy Mowaffaq Mohammad Rahhal; جواد شقير; عامر مرعي; صبحي سمعان
Breast Radiation Doses and Cancer Risk From Female Chest CT Scans in Palestine
(AL-Quds University, 2017-05-07) صالح احمد صالح كميل; saleh ahmad saleh kameel; عدنان اللحام; Adnan Judeh; Hussein Almasri
Children Plastic Toys as a Possible Source of Heavy Metals Pollution in the Palestinian Environment
(AL-Quds University, 2013-05-10) احمد عبد القادر نمر العصافرة; Ahmad Abdulqader Nemir Alasafra; معتز القطب; حسن دويك; يوسف ابو صفية
Consumer Load Management Using Forecasting Algorithms
(AL-Quds University, 2019-10-02) رأفت كريم ناجي الجنيدي; rafat kareem naji aljuneidi; رضوان طهبوب; Nassim Iqteit; Labib Arafeh
Cr (VI) Removal from Tanning Effluents Using Functionalized-Pyroxene Nanoparticles Supported into Diatomite: Batch and Continuous Processes
(AL-Quds University, 2018-12-22) وصال محمد عبد الهادي خضيرات; Wisal mohammad abdalhadi khderat; عامر كنعان; Omar Ayyad; Nashaat Nassar
Detection Of Helicobacter Pylori DNA In Water Samples In Palestine
(AL-Quds University, 2007-01-17) ليندا عبد الحليم عطا عطية; Linda Abed-Elhaleem Atta Atteyeh; ميساء العزة; عامر مرعي; Sameer Barghouthi; Musa Hindiyeh
Determination of different trace heavy metals in ground and harvested rain water in certain regions of West Bank/Palestine by ICP/MS
(AL-Quds University, 2014-04-27) حسام ظاهر نمر ملصة; Husam Thaher Nimer Malassa; معتز القطب; Jawad Hasan; Subhi Samhan
Surface and ground water contamination with heavy metals is one of the most important environmental issues as they are toxic even at low concentrations. This study was conducted to determine heavy metal concentrations in ground drinking water of north and south West Bank in addition to harvested rain water in south West Bank. Water samples were analyzed for different trace heavy metals (Tl, Pb, Bi, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ag and Cd) and Al content by ICP/MS. In North West Bank, three triplicates where obtained from five different wells. In South West Bank, three triplicates from ten groundwater wells were obtained in four different dates of the year (October 2012, November 2012, March 2013, and April 2013). The samples were analyzed for their pH, Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, and different trace metals content. The pH, Electrical Conductivity, and Total Dissolved Solids of all water samples were found to be within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guideline. In South West Bank, Results showed that Pb, Al, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Mo were detected in all water samples analyzed in this study, while Tl, Bi, Mn, Ag, and Cd were detected in 80%, 88%, 90%, 75%, and 95% of the water samples analyzed in this study, respectively. In general, 93% of all samples analyzed contained one or more of the 13 metals studied each in varying concentration. Furthermore, results showed that the concentration of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Mo is within the allowed WHO limits in drinking water. However the concentration of Pb, Cd, and Al are found to be higher than the allowed WHO limits in 40%, 8%, and 33% of the water samples analyzed in this study, respectively. Statistical analyses showed that concentrations of the metals studied were varied significantly between the ten ground water wells in south West Bank, indicating that the wells analyzed in this study is different from each other in terms of heavy metal content. Additionally, from the statistical results obtained, it was found that there is a significant difference in the concentration of the metals in each well during the wet and dry season, denoting that metal concentration in the wells varies significantly with sampling time. At the North West Bank, Results showed that the concentration of trace metals (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Pb, Cd, and Al) is within the allowed WHO limits in drinking water (50, 500, 20, 2000, 3000, 70, 10, 3, and 200 µg/L, respectively), however six metals of them X (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Mo, and Al) were detected in 100% of the samples, while Pb, Cd, and Zn were detected in 80%, 60%, and 20% of the samples, respectively. On the other hand, Tl which is a very toxic heavy metal with allowed WHO limits of 0.01-1 µg/L, is detected in 100% of the water samples analyzed with a range of 0.02-0.12 µg/L, which indicates that such concentration level of Tl would be harmful for human being used these groundwater for domestic purposes. In general, 82% of all samples analyzed contained one or more of the 12 metals studied each in varying concentration. Furthermore, harvested Rain water samples for drinking from West part of Hebron (south of West Bank in Palestine), were analyzed for different trace heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ag, Cd, Bi, and Pb) content by ICP/MS. A total of 44 water samples per houses cisterns were collected in November 2012 used to collect harvested rain water from the houses roofs. Results showed that concentrations of the heavy metals vary significantly between the 44 samples. Results also showed that the concentration of five heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Ni, Ag, and Pb) were higher than the WHO limits for these heavy metals in drinking water. The results obtained from this study suggest a possible risk to the population of the study area given the toxicity of these metals, and the fact that for many people in the study area, ground water and harvested rain water is a main source of their water supply
Determination of trace metals in rain water during the November 2012 bombing in Gaza Strip
(AL-Quds University, 2016-05-30) هناء عماد محمد اشقير; hanaa imad mohammed eshqair; معتز القطب; جواد شقير; مروان غانم
Surface water contamination with heavy metals is one of the most important environmental issues as they are toxic even at low concentrations. This study was conducted to determine the water quality of harvested rain water used for drinking in Gaza after the 2012 bombing, and to assess the potential effect of bombing on the amounts of trace metals in harvested rainwater. In this study Gaza strip was divided in four areas (North (a) and (b)), Middle and Southern area.). A total of 43 water samples classified between bombed and non-bombed area, were collected in November 2012 during the first rain after eight days of bombings from 43 rain water pools and from an area that was hit by many rockets. Water samples have been analyzed for different trace (heavy) metals (Ba, Cu, Zn, Co, Mn, V, Al, Pb, Cr, Ni, As, U, and Cd) as well as phosphorous content by ICP/MS. The samples were analyzed for their pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids. For some water samples the results were found to be within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guideline. In North (a) Gaza Strip, Result showed that eight heavy metals Ba, Mn, Al, Pb, Ni, As, Cd and Cr have exceeded the WHO limits, the highest percent was for Ba metal in 93% of the 16 samples. Furthermore, results showed that the concentrations of three heavy metals Cu, Zn and U is within the allowed WHO limits in drinking water. However the concentration of Ba, Al, Pb, Mn, Ni, Cr, As, and Cd are found to be higher than the allowed WHO limits in 93%, 63%, 44%, 38%, 25%, 6%, 6%, and 6% of the water samples analyzed in this study, respectively. Potential contamination by different number of rockets F16 and a lot of destruction caused by shelling on the agricultural lands in this area are responsible for the occurrence of the trace metals with high concentration. The result showed using this water is dangerous for human health, especially when used for drinking and agriculture purpose. In North b, Result showed that this area have been contaminated by twelve heavy metals (Ba, Cu, Zn, Co, Mn, V, Al, Pb, Cr, Ni, As, and Cd) in addition to P and U .Al metal was found in 73% of the analyzed eleven samples. On the other hand ten metals of them (Ba, Cu, Co, Mn, V, Al, Cr, Ni, As, and Cd) were detected in 100% of these samples, while the concentration of eight metals (Al, Pb, Ba, Mn, Ni, Cd, As and Cr) are higher than the allowed WHO limits in 73%, 63%, 45%, 36%, 36%, 36%, 27% and 18% of the water samples analyzed in this study, respectively. Phosphorous was also detected in all water samples analyzed in this study with high concentrations (range of 100.86-2467.48 µg/L XI and average of 682.22 µg/L). These high concentrations of phosphorous was found in sample number 8 (Beirut Street, near to Abu Mazen Square) may be attributed to the white phosphorous munitions used in Gaza during the war. The area was hit by different number of missiles. Most of the samples in this area were potentially contaminated by eight to nine missiles, which were bombed very close to the building where people live. This is very danger for human health. In Middle Gaza Strip (Nussairat area), Results showed that twelve trace metals (Ba, Cu, Zn, Co, Mn, V, Al, Pb, Cr, Ni, As, and Cd) were detected in all water samples analyzed. Furthermore result showed that the highest percent of samples that exceeded the limit of WHO limit was for Barium, in 83% of the samples analyzed in this region. Additionally twelve heavy metals (Ba, Cu, Zn, Co, Mn, V, Al, Pb, Cr, Ni, As, and Cd) were detected in 100% of water samples analyzed. Six heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd and U) were found in the analyzed water samples within in these limits. Phosphorous was also detected in all water samples analyzed in this region with high concentrations (range of 113.01-2855.07 µg/L, and average of 1039.4 µg/L). This high concentration of phosphorous was found in sample number 20 (sample from an area that was hit by 5 rockets) may be attributed to the white phosphorous munitions used in this war against Gaza. This area was also hit by many different number of missiles. In the Southern area, Results showed that eleven trace metals Ba, Cu, Zn, Co, Mn, V, As, Pb, Cr, Ni and Al were detected in all water samples analyzed, the highest percent of samples that exceeded the limit of WHO limit, were for Al and Pb, with 90% of the samples analyzed exceeded this limit. Furthermore, result showed that the concentration of heavy metals (Al, Pb, Ba, Ni and As) exceeded the allowed WHO limits in 90%, 90%, 30%, 20% and 10% respectively. However the concentration of Ba, Cu, Zn, Co, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, As, U, P, Pb and Al) were detected in 100% of the water samples. Phosphorous was also detected in all water samples analyzed in this study with high concentrations (range of 286.61-7390.62 µg/L). These high concentrations of phosphorous was found in sample number 42 (sample from an area that was heavily bombed) the number of bombing was concentrated and heavy. Furthermore, the concentrations of all heavy metals that were detected in the collected harvested rainwater from different areas vary significantly between the 43 samples. All of the metals were detected in all water samples that had been analyzed in this study.
DIVERSITY AND SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF WILD MEDICINAL ALLIUM SPECIES IN SOME REGIONS OF WEST BANK
(AL-Quds University, 2008-06-10) ناريمان عودة دياب عيسى; NARIMAN OUDEH DIAB ESSA; عامر مرعي; GHADEER OMAR; Dr. Mutaz El-Qotub; Dr. Raed Alkowni
In the Palestinian context, there’s no in depth studies deal with this field except the Palestina Flora. This study was published in 1984, and tackled almost all wild plants species in the historic Palestine. The present study was carried out in four agro-ecological zones in the West Bank, an in-depth field survey was carried out in the semi-coastal lands, high central lands, eastern slope and arid areas, between March 2007 to July of the same year. The study’s objective is to seek the wild Allium species and to study the detecting species in terms of their diversity, abundances, and morphological features. The main findings of this study were as follows; ten wild Allium species were detected in the different agro-ecological zones in the West Bank. The detected species are: A. ampeloprasum, A. phanerantherum, A. hierochuntinum, A. paniculatum, A. pallens, A. desertorum, A. stamineum, A. neapolitanum, A. negevense and A. schubertii. Also, the study findings revealed and stressed on the differences among wild Allium species in terms of abundances in the studied areas. For instance, A. ampeloprasum and A. stamineum were the most dominant species in the studied areas while A. negevense and A. schubertii were the less dominant species comparing to the others found species. Furthermore, 95 specimens of different Allium species were collected, dried, poisoned, and mounted at the Life Science’s Laboratory in An- Najah National University. A special taxonomy key was set up for the detected wild Allium species as well. IV Finally, the study areas are rich in the wild Allium species as they are available, diversified and dominantly existing in the West Bank areas. However, the wild Allium species need more in-depth researches, investigations and studies, as to be conserved, developed and managed in a sustainable manner as a promising and vulnerable subsector.
Ecological Investigations on the Terrestrial Biodiversity in the Northern Part of the West Bank (Jenin Area
(AL-Quds University, 2008-01-12) أمجد ابراهيم سعيد أبوجلبوش; Amjad Ibraheem Said Abu-Jalboush; عزام صالح; Khaled Salem Sawalha; Ahmad Shwaika
Effect of Irrigation with Treated Wastewater on Corn (Zea mays.L) Growth Parameters and Tissues Uptake of Pesticides.
(AL-Quds University, 2006-06-22) جهاد محمد نمر جرادات; Jehad Mohammed Nimer Jaradat; كلود الاعمى; Jaber Masalha; Khalid Sawalha; Raed AL-kowni
Effect of Olive Mill Wastewater Pollution on Plant Litter Decomposition
(AL-Quds University, 2019-05-05) بيان محمد عبدالله ابو الوفا; Bayan Mohammad Abdallah Abu Alwafa; جواد شقير; Amer Marei; Ahmad Naser
The effect of Quillaja Saponin on the Growth and Performance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
(AL-Quds University, 2012-05-09) شاهر عبد الرحمن محمود الجابري; Shaher Abd El-Rahman Mahmud Al-Jabiri; معتز القطب; د. معتز عكاوي; Prof. Dr. Jamal Abo Omar
Effect of Treated Effluents on the Persistence of Atrazine in Clay Loam Soil Cropped with Zea Mays
(AL-Quds University, 2007-05-10) جواد علي بجاس حاسن; Jawad Ali Bajas Hasan; جابر مصالحة; Azam Saleh; Raed Alkowni

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