Pharmaceutical Sciences العلوم الصيدلانية

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Antibacterial activity of Novel Prodrugs of Amoxicillin and Cephalexin
(AL-Quds University, 2015-06-02) ساميه صلاح الدين عبد الغني كرد; samia salahaldeen abdalgani kord; رفيق قرمان; احمد عمرو; حاتم سلامة
The two novel prodrugs of amoxicillin and cephalexin were synthesized to improve the stability and bitter taste of their parent drugs. The in vitro susceptibility for both prodrugs was determined against Escherichia coli, staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, streptococcus group A, streptococcus group B, and compared to that of their parents. The results revealed that both novel prodrugs have antibacterial activity on most bacterial strains with about the same potency as their parent drugs, In addition, Klebsiella pneumonia, and staphylococcus epidermidis showed resistance to both amoxicillin drug and its prodrug. Since klebsiella is gram negative bacteria and staphylococcus epidermidise is beta lactamase positive . It is worth noting that those two novel prodrugs are among a small number of prodrugs that have activity themselves before undergoing conversion via enzymatic or chemical processes to their corresponding parent drugs. The novel prodrugs exhibit their antibacterial activity against different types of bacterial strains due to the presence of beta lactam ring in their structures. In addition, it is expected that the novel two prodrugs will be much more stable in aqueous media than their corresponding parent drugs due to the fact that the sensitive amine group exists in the parent drugs was replaced with a more stable group, amide.
Assessing Quality of life of Cystic Fibrosis patients in West Bank and New Therapeutic Options
(AL-Quds University, 2017-10-07) ساميه عزت محمد صلاح; Samya Izat Mohammed Salah; ماهر الخضور; Dr. Hussein Hallak; Ghassan Balousha; Waleed Sweileh
Background The number of cystic fibrosis patients is increasing around the world, Latest forecasts published in the European Respiratory Journal indicate an increase of approximately 50% by 2025 (20% in the child population; 75% in the adult population). There is no accurate epidemiological data on CF disease in Palestine. The general impression has been that the disease is rare, but this is most likely the result of underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis due to limited awareness of the condition in the region. This disease has high treatment burden and some of the novel technology used for drug delivery is highly beneficial because it may ease patient burden by decreasing administration time and offer more efficacy and safety. These options are not available for CF patients in Palestine, only basic traditional therapies are available and this is the fundamental problem. Assessment of the patient's perspective of symptom improvement, satisfaction and their reported increase in health related quality of life (HRQoL) should be part of the treatment decision making. Most of the cystic fibrosis patients QoL studies have been conducted in developed countries and only a few in developing countries but no studies were done in Palestine. Objective The purpose of this project was to study the Palestinian health situation by using specific comparison tools including; Quality of life issues of Palestinian CF patients attending the Caritas baby hospital, their health status, their related cost effective treatment (Economical burden) and summarize the available evidence on the use of new options for the treatment by using a willingness to pay survey. MethodA descriptive narrative study conducted for patients from West Bank suffering from cystic fibrosis disease. These patients used basic classic therapies and attending pediatric pulmonology clinic in Caritas Baby Hospital. Around 77 participants completed four quantitative assessment measures and provided demographic information. The status of CF patients were studied by using different aspect. Their quality of life score using CFQ-R questionnaire were measured. Their health status were screened by measuring different parameter; pulmonary function test, body mass index, their age at diagnosis and mortality rate related to CF disease. Their health related cost and the amount of money they are able to pay for improving their treatment options using a willingness to pay survey were calculated. Caritas Baby Hospital (CBH) Medical Research Committee/Ethical Review Board approved this study and a written informed consents form for the patients and their families were obtained. Results were analyzed using scoring software and SPSS softwareResults and conclusion The overall score for CF patients QoL parameters is less than 60% (ranges from 14.5- 55.6) which indicate poor quality of life relative to other countries worldwide. The lowest score is for body (14.5), treatment (17.5), and respiratory (27.5). The highest score appears to be for eat (55.6) and emotion (50). Illness severity as measured by FEV1 percent predicted with mean value of 69.6%. BMI recorded with mean value 15.998 (Kg/m2 ). With the overall mean age at diagnosis in our sample was 4.16 years of age. The study showed that 58.3% (7/12) of patients from Hebron district had high mortality rate related to CF disease. The result revealed that quality of life for CF patients is influenced by age, gender, taking vacation without disease, work or school status, BMI measures, age at diagnosis for the patient's parameters. In addition, QoL as scored by their parents parameter which included: the age, educational level and work status of both parents and is also affected by total number of CF patients in each family. QoL for CF patients is not influenced by marital status, geographic distribution, place of residency (city, village and camp), FEV1 measures, willingness to pay answers, their parent's relationship (father or mother), monthly income, and the effect of taking influenza vaccine yearly. For willingness to pay, results indicate that 93.5% said yes and 6.5% said no. 51.4% of patients are able to pay 100 NIS out of pocket to 2.7% able to pay 2000 NIS or more out of pocket to get new drugs. With economical evaluation for CF patient, the total costs for patient with the mean age of our sample 10.7 years of age were estimated to be around 35650.2 NIS per patient per year. Cost reduction were estimated after applying Dornase-alfa as a mucolytic drug and Tobramycin nebulizer solution. This added value can help in part of the cost for making these drugs available for CF patients in our region. Overall, quality of life for patients with CF is poor relative to international standards, the medications used including Hypertonic saline and Gentamycin IV form used asnebulizer solution are not first line therapies around the world, patients and their families demand better treatment and are willing to pay to get better treatment. Now we have an objective proof to submit for the need of new therapies for CF patients in Palestine in order to improve their QoL, health status and longevity .
Beliefs about cholesterol lowering drugs and medication adherence among Palestinian adults with dyslipidemia in Ramallah and Bethlehem areas of the West Bank
(AL-Quds University, 2019-12-07) جهاد خليل احمد شكارنه; JIHAD KHALIL AHMAD SHAKARNA; حسين الحلاق; aher Khdour; Samah Al-Jabi
Design and Synthesis of Trisubstituted Pyrimidine Derivatives as Coactivator Binding Inhibitors (CBIs) of Estrogen Receptor Signaling
(AL-Quds University, 2016-01-09) ميران محمد جمال طلال مسودى; Miran M.Jamal Talal Masswadeh; يوسف نجاجرة; Zaidoun Salah; Tawfeq Kaimari
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in women. Estrogen signaling and the estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ) are implicated in breast cancer progression. Majority of breast cancers start out as estrogen dependent as a result of overexpression of ER-regulated genes: Estrogen deprivation therapy using anti-estrogens (AEs) and aromatase inhibitors (AIs) to block ER activity and arrest the estrogen-dependent growth of BC still represents the primary treatment for breast cancer patients. This approach, however, frequently fails and patients develop resistant breast cancer, which is almost untreatable. In this project we focused on synthesizing a potent coactivator binding inhibitors (CBIs) molecules that block ER activity through a different mechanism that may arrest the estrogen-dependent growth of BC and offer a solution to the existing resistance. Coactivator binding inhibitors (CBIs) act by blocking the conformational change needed for DNA binding and gene expression. In this project set of compounds have been designed, synthesized through sequential substitution of the chlorine atoms of 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine with amines or other nucleophiles. The synthesized compounds were purified using chromatography techniques, and characterized by (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR and MS (ESI)) spectroscopy. Some of these compounds were screened for their inhibitory activity against the acute myeloid leukemia cells (Molm-13) cells. Two forms of Molm-13 had been used to evaluate the role of p53. In one case cells were transfected with empty vector and in the other the cells were tranfected with sh-p53 RNA(sh-p53). The viability of cells was determined using WST-1 assay. Initial results of the tested compounds demonstrated that MY12 (35) and MY3 (26) exhibited potent activities against the two forms of Molm-13 cell lines and have a dose dependent effect while the compound MY2 (25) showed no significant inhibitory action on the same cell lines.
Design of Novel 6-Aminocaproic acid Prodrugs by Computational Methods
(AL-Quds University, 2017-08-26) نداء مازن سالم لقيانية; neda mazen salem leqeanea; رفيق قرمان; Dr. Hatem Hejaz; : Dr. Naser Shraim
Background and objectives: Unraveling the mechanisms of a number of enzyme models has allowed for the design of efficient chemical devices having the potential to be utilized as prodrug linkers that can be covalently attached to commonly used drugs which can chemically, and not enzymatically, be converted to release the active drug in a programmable manner. For instance, exploring the mechanism for a proton transfer in Kirby‘s N-alkylmaleamic acids (enzyme model) has led to the design of a number of prodrugs such as tranexamic acid, acyclovir, atenolol. Method: Based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations for the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of several N-alkylmaleamic acid derivatives five 6-aminocapproic acid prodrugs were designed, aiming to provide a drug with potentially to have higher bioavailability than its parent drug. Result and discussion: DFT calculations at B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) for intramolecular proton transfer in 1-7 and prodrugs of 6-aminocapproic acid, ProD1-ProD5, demonstrated that the reaction rate is dependent on the strain energy difference between the intermediate and the reactant (Es INT-GM). This suggests that the reaction is governed by strain effect. Additionally, no correlation was found between the proton transfer efficiency and the distance between the two reactive centers (rGM) and the attack angle (α). Conclusion: Hence, the rate by which the prodrug releases the 6-aminocapproic acid drug can be determined according to the structural features of the promoiety (Kirby’s enzyme model)
Design of Novel Amoxicillin Prodrugs by Computational Methods
(AL-Quds University, 2017-07-26) وعد محمد صالح حوراني; waad mohammad saleh huorani; رفيق قرمان; Dr.Hatem Hejaz; Dr.naser shraim
Design of Novel Dopamine Prodrugs - A Computational Approach
(AL-Quds University, 2017-12-04) إسراء تيسير محمد قطوش; رفيق قرمان; Dr. Hatem Hejaz; Dr. Naser Shraim
Design of Novel Dopamine Prodrugs - A Computational Approach
(AL-Quds University, 2018-08-18) إسراء تيسير محمد قطوش; Essra tayseer mohammad qattoush; رفيق قرمان; Dr. Hatem Hejaz; Dr. Naser Shraim
Parkinson patients have insufficient dopamine in specific regions of the brain, so attempts have been made to replenish the deficiency in the dopamine. Dopamine itself doesn't cross blood brain barrier, but its precursor, levodopa (LD) is actively transported into the CNS and is converted to dopamine in the brain. The bioavailability of LD is less than 10% with only 1% of administered oral levodopa penetrates the brain. Large doses of levodopa are required because much of the drug is decarboxylated to dopamine in the periphery, resulting in side effects that include nausea, vomiting, cardiac arrhythmias, and hypotension. To minimize the conversion to dopamine (DA) outside the central nervous system (CNS), LD is usually co-administered with peripheral inhibitors of amino acid decarboxylase (carbidopa or benserazide). In spite of that, other central nervous side effects such as dyskinesia, on-off phenomenon and end-of-dose deterioration still remain. In this project, a number of dopamine prodrugs were designed using DFT molecular orbital at B3LYP 6-31G (d, p) levels and molecular mechanics (MM2) calculations aiming to provide prodrugs that are expected to give better bioavailability than the parental drug owing to improved absorption. Furthermore, the proposed prodrugs are believed to be more effective than L-dopa because the latter undergoes decarboxylation in the periphery before reaching the blood–brain barrier. The DFT calculation results revealed that the rate of a proton transfer in processes dopamine ProD 1-ProD 5 is largely dependent on the geometric variations of thereactant (GM) mainly the distance between the two reactive centers, rGM, and the angle of attack α. It was found that systems with low rGM and high α values in their global minimum structures, such as ProD 1 and ProD 2, exhibit much higher rates (lower ∆G‡ ) than these with high rGM and low α values, such as ProD 3-ProD 5 and the rate of the reaction is linearly correlated with rGM and (1/α). Moreover, it was found that the intraconversion rate of the designed dopamine prodrugs is largely determined on the strain energies of the reaction ̓s tetrahedral intermediates(EsINT). Systems having strained tetrahedral intermediates were found to be with low rates and vice versa.
Design of Novel Phenylephrine and Paracetamol Prodrugs by Computational Methods
(AL-Quds University, 2016-01-05) دنيا ابراهيم خالد قرمان; donia ibrahim khalid karaman; رفيق كرمان; Omer Deeb; Nasr Shraim
Design, Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Novel 2,3-disubstituted Pyrazine Derivatives
(AL-Quds University, 2017-12-06) آلاء محمود ربيع فرعون; Ala Mahmoud Rabie Faroun; يوسف نجاجرة; imad odeh; Michel Hanania
Pyrazine derivatives possess numerous pharmacological effects including but not limited to antiviral, antibiotic, antifungal, diuretic, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, analgesic and anti proliferative effect. Consequently, interest has been shown by researchers in the field of pyrazine-based drug synthesis and many of the synthesized derivatives succeeded to reach the clinical field. A promising research discipline was concerned in utilizing the antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity of pyrazine derivatives -that is attributed to various mechanisms one of which is protein kinase inhibition- in designing new anti-cancer agents. In this study a set of disubstituted pyrazine derivatives has been designed and synthesized through a sequential nucleophilic substitution of chlorine atoms of 2,3-dichloropyrazine with amines or other nucleophiles. The synthesized derivatives were purified using several chromatographic techniques, and characterized by (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR, and MS (ESI)) spectroscopy. The mono-substituted pyrazine derivative A-7 (7) and three of its disubstituted analogues (YAN1(18), YAN-2 (19), and YAN-3(20)) were in vitro screened for their biological activity against two forms of acute myeloid leukemia cells (Molm-13). The viability of the cells was determined using WST-1 assay. Initial results of the tested derivatives showed that A-7 (7) was more potent than its analogues with IC50 of 18 and 39 µM against Molm-13 (sh-p53) and Molm-13 (empty vector) respectivelyThe biological activity of mono and disubstituted pyrazine derivatives was predicted using PASS software. Initial results demonstrated that A13 (13), A14 (14), YAN-7 (24), and YAN-8 (25) exhibited predicted activities as antineoplastic agents and signal transduction pathway inhibitors with relatively high Pa values. The previously mentioned compounds shared also the same mechanism of action “protein kinase inhibitor” with Pa values larger than 0.8SAR derived from PASS and initial biological activity screening results proved that the activity of the synthesized derivative is highly affected by the site and type of the substituent on the pyrazine ring. 2,3-disubstituted derivatives showed better Pa values when compared to the corresponding 2,5-disubstituted ones. In addition, amine substituents at positions 2 and 3 of pyrazine ring were preferred over alkoxide substituents in terms of antineoplastic activity. It was noticed that 1-(5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-piperazine and 2-aminopyridine pharmacophores were the most active amine substituents. In order to gain an insight into the binding mode of pyrazine derivatives with CDK-2, a series of sixteen derivatives were docked with inactive monomeric cyclin dependent kinase-2 using SwissDock software. Results were compared with ‘Aloisine B‟, a well-known CDK-2 inhibitor. In terms of binding mode, pyrazine derivatives occupied the CDK-2 ATP binding site and made hydrogen bonds to the kinase backbone within the hinge sequence that links the two lobes of the kinase. The docked derivatives exhibited different binding affinities to the target, YAN-8 (25) showed the highest full fitness value (-1422.14 kcal/mol) among the synthesized derivatives. Moreover, both the full fitness and energy values indicated that YAN-8 (25) has higher affinity to the target in comparison to the known inhibitor Aloisine B (-1406.92 kcal/mol). Finally, the concept of drug likeness of the synthesized derivatives was investigated using the rule of five. Results revealed that all of the tested derivatives successfully met the rule of 5requirements except YAN-9 (26) and YAN-10 (27) which possessed molecular weights larger than 500 Daltons..
Evaluation of Governmental central Medical ware house Management system
(AL-Quds University, 2004-07-20) وداد رشيد صالح القيق; Wedad Rasheed Saleh Al-qeeq; محمد عودة; سوزان شعشاعة; صلاح السويسي
Evaluation of insulin used at the Palestinian MOH and diabetes complications
(AL-Quds University, 2017-07-15) سلمى محمد احمد جمعة; Salma Mohammad Ahmad Joma; حسين الحلاق; Dr. Maher Khdour; Dr. waleed Sweileh
Exploring QSARs of some Translocator protein (TSPO) ligands using MLR and PC-ANN techniques
(AL-Quds University, 2016-01-05) هناء سليم حسين بني عودة; hanaa Saleem Hussein Baniowda; عمر ذيب; رفيق قرمان; Dr. Nasr Shraim
Quantitative structure-activity relationship study was performed to understand the activity of a set of 136 ligands of Translocator protein (TSPO) compounds. QSAR models were developed using multiple linear regression (MLR) as linear method. While principal component - artificial neural networks (PC-ANN) modeling method was used as nonlinear method. The results obtained offer good regression models having good prediction ability. The MLR resulted with models (12-24) which have coefficient of determination (R 2 ) >0.6, the best model (number 24) resulted with correlation coefficient (R) = 0.909, coefficient of determination (R 2 ) = 0.826, and adjusted coefficient of determination (R 2 adj) = 0.788. Cross Validation leave one out (LOO) and leave many out (LMO) were performed on the resulted MLR models, models 19-24 showed a good predictive power. After that principle component analysis (PCA) performed to divide the data into three data sets, then the ANN performed on the chosen models (19-24) from leave one out (LOO) and leave many out (LMO) validation. ANN resulted models were validated through randomization test, then the conditions proposed by Golbraikh and Tropsha were applied to conclude that the QSAR models has acceptable prediction power or not. However the best ANN model with a good predictivepower was model #24, with R test values 0.832
Formulation and Evaluation of Immediate Release Pregabalin Tablets
(AL-Quds University, 2016-05-21) محمد سميح شفيق شناعة; MOHAMMED SAMIH SHAFIQ SHANAA; نعمان مالكية; إبراهيم كيالي; هاني اشتيه
Pregabalin is an anticonvulsant agent used for the peripheral and central neuropathic pain treatment, marketed as Capsule and Solution dosage forms. The purpose of this study is to develop an immediate release Pregabalin Tablet, as a new dosage form in the Palestinian market that is bioequivalent to the FDA approved Reference Pregabalin Capsules (Lyrica). Pregabalin drug substance and the finished product during the time of development were not described in either the British or US pharmacopoeia. The chemical and physical evaluation of bulk drug substance (Pregabalin) was accomplished following the manufacturer`s analytical method and specification. A new reversed-phase, isocratic LC method was developed and validated according to USP validation parameters, for the qualitative and quantitative determination of Pregabalin in pharmaceutical dosage forms using HPLC (LaChrome Elite) equipped with photodiode array UV detector. Mobile Phase is a mixture of Phosphate Buffer pH 6.9, and acetonitrile (94:6). Chromatographic System is Column: C-18 ODS 5 to 10µm in diameter (25cm X 4.6 mm id), detector: UV set at wavelength 210 nm, Flowrate: 1.5 ml / min and Injection Volume: 20 μL. Formula development was accomplished through a series of steps: Selection of excipients through compatibility studies, selection of manufacturing process and in-vitro comparison studies versus the reference product. Excipients compatibilities were studied by preparing a binary mixture of Pregabalin and excipient (1:1) then sealed in neutral glass vials and incubated at 40±2 °C/75 ±5% RH for 30 days. The mixtures were tested by means of FTIR for any possible interactions. The following excipients (Microcrystalline Cellulose, Pregelatinized Starch, Talc and Mg Stearate) were found to be compatible with Pregabalin.A series of pre formulation trials were composed and processed by direct compression method. Selection of formula was based on: Powder characteristics: (such as compressibility ratio, flowability, bulk density and tapped density), which would allow for a simplified method of manufacture, friability, hardness and disintegration of compressed tablets. The selected formulation was applied to prepare Pregabalin Tablets in two strengths, i.e. tablets containing 75mg/tablet and 300mg/tablet. They are prepared as dose weight proportional. The compressed tablets were film-coated with PVA based polymer by using water as solvent.The stability of film coated Pregabalin tablets were tested by incubating the finished products in their final package (PVC-Alum) at different storage conditions i.e. 25 ± 2 °C / 60 % ± 5% RH, 30 C ± 2 °C / 60% ± 5% RH and 40 C ± 2 °C / 75% ± 5% RH. Samples were tested biweekly for content of Pregabalin (assay), physical appearance, dissolution rate, and degradation products. Pregabalin Tablets proved to be stable in all aspects for the period tested (1 month) at all storage conditions. Biowavier study was performed between Pregabalin Tablets (75mg and 300mg) and the Reference Pregabalin Capsules (Lyrica 75 and 300mg Capsules) using paddle method rotated at 50 rpm in different dissolution media (0.06N Hydrochloric acid solution, Acetate buffer pH 4.5 and phosphate buffer pH 6.8. It was found that either Reference or Test products release more than 85% of their Pregabalin content in 15 minutes. As Pregabalin API, according to BCS is Class I drug and the dissolution profiles of Pregabalin Tablets is similar to that of Reference Pregabalin Capsules (Lyrica) under the same test conditions, and all excipients used are not suspect of having any relevant impact on bioavailability it is strongly believed that the developed Pregabalin Tablets are bioequivalent to the marketed Lyrica Capsules.
Formulation of Ferrous Gluconate Floating Drug Delivery System
(AL-Quds University, 2015-12-22) هلا عثمان عبد الرحيم حج حمد; hala othman abd-alraheem al-haj hamad; طارق الجعبة; احمد عمرو; نعمان مالكية
GC-MS Analysis of the Secondary Metabolites from the Leaves of Wild/ Cultivated Salvia Palestinian and their in vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities
(AL-Quds University, 2015-01-01) ريم نمر محمد سبوبه; Reem Nimer Mohammad Sabbobeh; صالح ابو لافي; خالد صولحة; عبد الناصر زايد
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Treatment Satisfaction and Quality of Life in Palestinian Patients
(AL-Quds University, 2019-12-07) ربى محمود عبد جعافرة; Ruba Mahmoud Abed Jaafreh; حسين حلاق; ماهر خضور; سائد زيود
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Palestinian Women towards Contraceptives
(AL-Quds University, 2019-05-04) نعيمه مازن حمدي رجبي; naeema mazen hamdi rajabi; أحمد عمرو; rafik Karaman; saed Zyoud
Novel Anti-malarial Atovaquone P rodrug: Synthesis,Characterization and in vitro Kinetics Study
(AL-Quds University, 2016-01-05) بيسان وضاح امين الفتاش; Beesan Waddah Amin Alfattash; رفيق قرمان; د أحمد عمرو; Dr. Nasr Shraim
Malaria is a global public health problem, resulting in tow million deaths per year .The majority of death cases are due to the most severe form of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. As a result, efforts were directed toward the development of new effective medications intended for the treatment of this endemic disease. Atovaqoune is a new treatment option, showed an improvement in malaria treatment. Although Atovaqoune is an effective medication, it has its own limitations. Atovaqoune is highly lipophilic compound (water solubility < 0.2 µg/ mL), has low water solubility and low absorption, hence low bioavailability (< 10% in the fasted state). Accordingly, increasing atovaqoune aqueous solubility will improve its pharmacokinetic profile in particular bioavailability, thus improving its effectiveness and ability to administer the drug through different routs of administration. So that, our goal was to develop atovaqoune prod rug that possesses increased aqueous solubility by linking water soluble moiety to the 3- hydroxyl group, via chemical synthesis. Purification techniques including extraction, re-crystallization and column chromatography were used. Identity confirmation was done using, IR, NMR and LC/MS. Based on purity and identity results; in vitro kinetic studies using the HPLC instrument were performed at pH 2.2, 5.5 and 7.4. ATQ succinate (ProD1) has been successfully synthesized, purified and evaluated. T1/2 of ProD1 at pH 2.2, 5.5 and 7.4 is 28.8 days, 2.2 days, 3.2 days, respectively. It can be concluded from these data, that ProD1 is converted into ATQ in pH dependentmanner, and the hydrolysis of the prodrug follows first order kinetics, as the data plotted gives a straight line, and the Kobs is nearly constant. Concisely, modifying atovaqoune structure may result in enhancing its pharmacokinetic profile mainly absorption into body tissues, consequently increasing efficacy and ability to formulate atovaqoune in different dosage forms. Keywords: Malaria, drug resistance, atovaquone, bioavailability, prodrugs .
The Palestinian Pharmacist workforce: practice profile, job satisfaction and attitudes towards their role as healthcare professionals
(AL-Quds University, 2018-05-05) جوناء غسان عبد العزيز سرحان; Jawna Ghassan Abdul Aziz Sirhan; ماهر خضور; Hussein Hallak; Samah Jabi

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