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يا قدس! نشرة أكاديمية ثقافية، النشرة رقم ١
(Center for Jerusalem Studies, Al-Quds University, 2016-01-01) العبد, شكري; السمان, مها; نور الدين, هاني; نجاجرة, غسان; سلامة, خضر; النتشة, يوسف; برسكيان, جاك; حسين, نسب أديب
نرحب بقراء العدد الأول من نشرة “يا قدس!” الصادرة عن مركز دراسات القدس، جامعة القدس. تم تأسيس هذه النشرة لتشكل مساحة للنقاش الأكاديمي وتبادل المعلومات حول القدس من قبل الفلسطينيين القاطنين في الوطن أو من هم في الخارج، بالإضافة إلى الأجانب المهتمين بمدينة القدس. فتفضلوا بالاشتراك معنا بالإحتفال في إنطلاق نشرة “يا قدس!”. في هذا العدد، نقدم المعلومات حول مركز دراسات القدس ونشاطاته. وتتضمن النشرة أيضا مقالات قصيرة بالعربية وبالإنكليزية كتبها أكاديميون وباحثون وطلاب وآخرون مهتمون بالمدينة وبالمجتمع المقدسي. ولم يتم التركيز على مواضيع محددة، إذ ترك المجال للمشاركين في النشرة لإختيار المواضيع التي تجذب اهتمامهم ضمن موضوع مدينة القدس بشكل عام. نشكر رئيس الجامعة، البروفيسور عماد أبو كشك، لدعمه ولتقديمه بعض الكلمات عن المؤسسات المختلفة التابعة للجامعة في القدس. ونريد أيضا أن نشكر د. صفاء ناصر الدين، نائب الرئيس لشؤون القدس، على دعمها المستمر وأيضا موظفي مركز دراسات القدس لمساعدتهم في تحضير هذه النشرة، نريد إنتهاز هذه الفرصة لتقديم الشكر لجميع الذين ساهموا في هذا العدد الأول لنشرة “يا قدس!”. وبالرغم من الوضع الذي يطغى على البلدة القديمة في القدس هذه الأيام ، فإننا في مركز دراسات القدس ملتزمون بتواجدنا هنا في سوق القطانين حيث نقدم الخدمات الأكاديمية والثقافية، على أمل أن تصبح نشرة “يا قدس!” ملتقى الأصوات العديدة المتواجدة في القدس وخارجها حول القضايا الهامة المرتبطة بهذه المدينة وبالقضية الفلسطينية. ونريد إطلاق دعوة جديدة لمشاركتكم من خلال كتابة مقالات أو تعليقات للنشرة القادمة من “يا قدس!”. يمكن الكتابة باللغتين العربية أو الانجليزية بحيث لا تزيد المقالة عن 1200 كلمة حول موضوع يتعلق بمدينة القدس. وسيكون الموعد الأخير لتقديم هذه المقالات هو 20 أيّار 2016 . يمكن قراءة هذه النشرة على الموقع الالكتروني التالي : www.jerusalem-studies.alquds.edu شكرا لكم ، ويسرنا جدا أن تكونوا من قراء نشرة “يا قدس!”.
Ya Quds Academic Cultural News Letter, Issue No. 1
(Center for Jerusalem Studies, Al-Quds University, 2016-01-01) Al-Abed, Shukri; Samman, Maha; Klose, Petra R.; Khawaja, Irfan; Samman, Maha
In this issue, we introduce CJS and its programmes. The newsletter also contains short articles and essays in English and Arabic written by academics, researchers, students, and others interested in the city and society of Jerusalem. We do not focus on a specific theme but have rather left it up to individual contributors to decide upon topics of interest to them under the general rubric of Jerusalem. We would like to thank the President of the University, Prof. Dr. Imad Abu Kishek, for his support and introductory words presenting the various institutions of Al- Quds University in Jerusalem. We would also like to thank Dr. Safa Nassereldin, Vice President for Jerusalem Affairs for her constant support, as well as the staff of CJS for their assistance in making this issue possible. Finally, we would like to take this opportunity to thank all of those who have contributed to this first issue of Ya Quds!. Despite the tense situation reigning today in the Old City of Jerusalem, we at CJS are committed to maintaining our presence there as an academic and cultural institution in Suq Al-Qattanin (the Cotton Market) in the Old City of Jerusalem, on the hope that Ya Quds! will become a forum for the many voices of the city. We hereby send out a call for articles for the second issue of Ya Quds!. Articles may be in Arabic or English, should not exceed 1200 words, and should be dedicated to a topic on Jerusalem. The deadline for submission is May 20, 2016. We look forward to your contributions. The newsletter is available online at: www.jerusalem-studies.alquds.edu
يا قدس! نشرة أكاديمية ثقافية، النشرة رقم ٢
(Center for Jerusalem Studies, Al-Quds University, 2016-10-01) العبد, شكري; السمان, مها; الحبازي, مشهور; بدران, آمنة; نصاصرة, منصور; نسيبة, رائد; الأطرش, هبة
نرحب بقراءنا الأعزاء في العدد الثاني من مجلة تلو الآخر عن جوانب مختلفة من مدينة القدس، ورغم تعدد ً مقالا ” يا قدس! “ تتسلم هيئة تحرير . ً هي القاسم المشترك لها جميعا ” القدس “ الأوصاف وإختلاف الرؤى التي تعكسها هذه المقالات فإن كلمة فإن النشرة الثانية لا تحتوي على مقالات تنحصر ” يا قدس! “ وكما كان الحال في النشرة الأولى من على جانب معين من الجوانب الكثيرة لهذه المدينة حيث نضع بين أيدي القارئ مقالات تعكس تخصصات ” يا قدس! “ مجلة ّ متنوعة، إجتماعية وتاريخية وسياسية وحضرية، باللغتين العربية والإنكليزية. لأن هي عن ومن أجل القدس وكل مقال أو فكرة حولها هو بمثابة خطوة إضافية للتعرف على هذه المدينة. يحتوي هذا العدد على عشرة مقالات، خمسة بالعربية وخمسة بالإنكليزية، كتبها أخصائيون أو ناشطون في مجالات مختلفة ويسعدنا أن نضع بين يدي القارئ أفكارهم وتحليلاتهم. أما المقالات العربية في هذا العدد ،) ” أوسلو والقدس “ و ” الوضع القائم في المسجد الأقصى والمخطط الإسرائيلي “ ين ( ّ فتضم مقالين سياسي أسباب تقديس المكان “ ين ( ّ )، ومقالين إجتماعي ” التاريخ المزعوم والعلم الحديث “ ( ً -سياسيا ً تاريخيا ً ومقالا .) ” حقوق الأشخاص ذوي الإعاقة في القدس الشرقية “ و ” إسلاميا هنالك مجالات وأفكار لا ّ حيث أن ” نقطة في بحر “ ما نقدمه للقارئ عن القدس في مجلتنا هو بمثابة ن يهمه أمر القدس أن َ م َّ د كل ِ نا نناش ّ يمكن عرضها حول القدس. ومن هذا المنطلق فإن ّ د َ ع ُ صى ولا ت ُ تح لا يتجاوز ْ يمسك القلم ويكتب عن أي موضوع له علاقة بمدينتنا المقدسة، بالعربية أو بالإنكليزية، على أن . 2016 ل، ّ كانون أو 12 كلمة. الموعد النهائي لتقديم المقالات هو 1200 المقال ام على التحضير ّ هذه الأي ً طاقم مركز دراسات القدس يعمل جاهدا ّ نشير إلى أن ْ وبهذه المناسبة نود أن إنتاج “ . موضوع هذا المؤتمر هو 2016 ل ّ كانون أو 5 و 3 لمؤتمر سيعقد في القدس وأبو ديس بين من يهمه موضوع ِّ . وننتهز هذه الفرصة لدعوة كل ” اللامساواة: الواقع وإمكانيات التغيير في القدس المؤتمر للمشاركة
Ya Quds! Academic Cultural News Letter, Issue No. 2
(Center for Jerusalem Studies, Al-Quds University, 2016-10-01) Bollens, Scott; Dumper, Michael; Abu Assab, Nour; Telhami, Shibley; Sleem, Amoun; Al-Abed, Shukri; Samman, Maha
Greetings and a warm welcome to the second issue of Ya Quds!. Ya Quds! received many good words of encouragement following the first issue. We thank all those who have expressed their views and shared their suggestions. After all, it is you, our readers, whom we care about, so your comments and suggestions are very important to us. We hope that Ya Quds! will continue to offer valuable information and stimulate productive discussion about the city of Jerusalem. In this issue, as in the first, we did not seek to focus on a particular theme but have rather left it to the individual authors to select themes of interest and importance to them. All the articles are different, yet all are united by the word “Al-Quds.” Ya Quds! is written about and for Jerusalem and its inhabitants, the stories and articles help to deconstruct the complex mystery and charm of this city. What you will find in the following pages is a collection of ten articles, five in Arabic and five in English, written by academics and researchers whose contributions we are honoured to have in Ya Quds! . The five articles in English reflect various perspectives: historical ( The Fatimids in Jerusalem ), social ( The Gypsies of Jerusalem ), political ( Mussala al-Marwani: An unrecognised Palestinian triumph? ; and On the 16th Anniversary of the Camp David Negotiations ), and urban planning ( Urban Spatial Changes during Political Uncertainty ). There are so many topics about Jerusalem on which we have yet to hear, so take hold of your pens and add your voices. We hereby send out a call for articles for the third issue of Ya Quds! . Articles may be in Arabic or English and should not exceed 1200 words. The deadline for submission is December 12, 2016. We look forward to your contributions. The Centre for Jerusalem Studies team is also working hard to prepare for the upcoming conference on Production of Inequalities: Realities and Prospects for Change in Jerusalem, to be held on December 3–5 in Jerusalem and Abu Dis. We take this opportunity to invite all those interested in the topic to join us for this event.
Ya Quds Academic Cultural News Letter, Issue No. 3
(Center for Jerusalem Studies, Al-Quds University, 2017-08-01) Al-Abed, Shukri; Samman, Maha; González, Ainhoa; Nusseibeh, Munir; Awad, Nada; Miani, Marzia Merlonghi
Greetings and a warm welcome to readers of the third issue of Ya Quds!, which is devoted primarily to a conference held at Al-Quds University in Jerusalem on December 3–5, 2016. Entitled “Production of Inequalities: Realities and Prospects for Change in Jerusalem,” the conference stemmed from joint efforts amongst the Centre for Jerusalem Studies, the Department of Philosophy, the Department of Political Science, the Department of Architecture, and the Faculty of Law of Al- Quds University, a collaboration spurred by the importance of the conference theme on local, regional, and global levels. We would like to offer our sincere thanks to all those who helped in preparing for and running the conference. First and foremost, we would like to thank the administration of the Ghussein Education Fund, in particular Dr. Sari Nusseibeh and Dr. Jamal Nusseibeh. Without the Fund’s generous financial support, the conference would not have been possible. We would also like to thank Al-Quds University President Dr. Imad Abu-Kishk and his deputies, Dr. Hasan Dwiek and Dr. Badīc Sartawi, for their ongoing technical and administrative support for the conference. We would further like to thank the Academic Committee for the conference, composed of Dr. Shukri Abed, Dr. Maha Samman, Dr. Amneh Badran, Dr. Omar Yousef, Dr. Yara Saifi, and Dr. Munir Nusseibeh, as well as the Logistics Committee, composed of Dr. Maha Samman, Dr. Muctaz Al-Qutub, Dr. Ashraf Abu Hilal, Ms. Alya Brejiyeh, and Ms. Dima Nusseibeh, along with the staff of the Al-Quds University Public Relations Office, Mr. Ahmad Bahr and Mr. Aubai Abu Sacdah. Likewise, we offer thanks to the staff of the Faculty of Architecture and the Dean of the Faculty, Dr. Abdl-cAzīz Quntar, as well as to Ms. Hana’ cIriqat, for assisting with the financial aspects of the conference, to Ms. Sahar Shehadeh who is the administrator of Al-Ghussein Fund and to our student volunteers who helped in many different ways to ensure everything proceeded smoothly. During the first day of the three-day conference, participants were led by Dr. Omar Yousef on a tour of the Old City and the Silwan area. In his analysis of the situation, Dr. Yousef emphasized the life of the Palestinian residents in these areas and the challenges they face on a daily basis. The academic sessions of the conference were held during the following two days and were attended by scholars and researchers from Palestinian and foreign universities. 5 This issue of Ya Quds! contains a number of the papers presented during the conference, in the hopes that we can focus attention on some of the important issues that reflect inequality in the city of Jerusalem. Special thanks go to all of the panel organizers and speakers for their valuable contributions. We are also appreciative of the editorial review provided by Dr. Joanne Abed for the English-language section of the issue. We would like to take this opportunity to invite you to submit articles for the next issue of this publication, in Arabic or in English, not to exceed 1,200 words each. The deadline for submitting articles is October 20, 2017.
يا قدس! نشرة أكاديمية ثقافية، النشرة رقم ٣
(Center for Jerusalem Studies, Al-Quds University, 2017-08-01) العبد, شكري; السمان, مها; دويك, موسى; أبوستة, فايز فريجات; مصطفى, سامر; السمان, غادة
نرحب بكم في العدد الثالث من مجلة "يا قدس!" والمخصص بمعظمه لمؤتمر مركز دراسات القدس الذي أقيم في جامعة العاصمة، جامعة القدس، بتاريخ 5- 3 كانون أول 2016 بعنوان: "إنتاج اللامساواة: الواقع وإمكانيات التغيير في القدس". كان هذا المؤتمر نتاج لعمل تعاوني بين مركز دراسات القدس ودائرة الفلسفة ودائرة العلوم السياسية ودائرة الهندسة المعمارية وكلية الحقوق، وجاء هذا التعاون لِما لموضوع المؤتمر من أهمية على مستويات متعددة إنْ كانت عالمية أو إقليمية أو محلية.
مجلة العلوم القانونية والسياسية
(جامعة القدس, 2018) أبو علي, سعيد; خلف, محمد; الشلالدة, محمد; الدويك, موسى; أبوعياش, رفيق; الجيوسي, رشيد; منصور, عوض; زيدات, حابس; الكسواني, جهاد; حمامدة, أشرف; ربايعة, فادي; عمرو, عدنان
لقد كان الهدف الأساسي من إيجاد أجهزة الكمبيوتر، هو تسخيرها لخدمة الإنسان في مجال الأعمال والمعاملات، وكان لظهور تلك الأجهزة وتطورها بسرعة من مجرد أجهزة تقوم بعمليات حسابية إلى مخازن قادرة على تجميع واستيعاب كم ضخم من المعلومات والبيانات، وقادرة على أسترجعها بسرعة وبدقة،أن أحدثت مشكلة خطيرة تؤرق الكثيرين حول كيفية حماية تلك المعلومات بعد أن أصبحت في متناول اليد وبأقل مجهود وأبسط حركة فلم يعد المجرم بحاجة إلى أدوات وآلات تقليدية لارتكاب جريمته، نتج عن ذلك علاقات قانونية جديدة بحاجة إلى الحماية حال التعدي عليها سواء في مجال فروع القانون المختلفة أو بقانون خاص بها. إن التقدم العلمي والتطورات الحديثة ساهمت في إحداث وظهور أشكال وأساليب جديدة من صور الجرائم الالكترونية) 2(،بحيث أصبح مفهوم الجريمة الالكترونية) 3( يرتبط ارتباطا وثيقا بالتطور التكنولوجي وتقنية المعلومات، ومن الطبيعي انه كلما تطور واتسع نطاق التجريم،أحدث ذلك تغيرات مستمرة ومتسرعة ومضطردة في أشكالها وصورها التي تختلف عن النماذج التقليدية للجرائم العادية فالجرائم الالكترونية ترتكب عبر الوسائط والوسائل الالكترونية المختلفة، فتلك الجرائم تقع بأشكال مختلفة ومستحدثه لم تكن معروفه أو ظاهره إلا من قريب، وهي مرتبطة إلى حدما إلى ما يشهده العالم من تطور تكنولوجي وعلمي في جميع المجالات دون استثناء. أن ظاهرة الإجرام ألمعلوماتي المتطورة تحمل جانبا مظلما يتجسد بعدم قدرة القواعد القانونية أن تتطور بقدر مساوي لتلك الظاهرة حتى تستطيع الحد من تلك التعديات والجرائم التي تتم باستخدام شبكات الاتصالات الحديثة مثل الانترنت والحاسوب والهواتف النقالة والبريد إلكتروني، واعتراض المعلومات السرية أو الكشف عنها وغيرها من الجرائم العابرة للحدود) 4(. ونظراً لحداثة ظهور هذه الجرائم، وفى نفس الوقت حداثة تنبه المجتمع الدولي لخطرها، حيث يرجع أصل شبكة المعلومات والاتصالات الدولية ) Internet ( إلى شبكة من أجهزة الحاسب الآلي؛أي الكمبيوتر، أنشأتها الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية - أنشئت هذه الشبكة في وزارة الدفاع الأمريكية - في الستينيات من القرن الماضي لخدمة التأهب السريع للقوات المسلحة في حال نشوب حرب نووية أو استخدم الأسلحة الأخرى المحرمة أو أي هجوم عسكري عليها،وقد شهدت العقود الأخيرة من القرن العشرين، ثورة في عالم الاتصال ونقل المعلومات والتكنولوجيا على مختلف الأصعدة،مما سمح للأفراد والمؤسسات الولوج إلى البنوك والمؤسسات وقواعد المعلومات على الصعيدين المحلي والدولي، مما ألف مصدراً غنياً بالمعلومات لمراكز اتخاذ القرار، رافق ذلك ظهور الكمبيوتر والانترنت، مما خلق إشكاليات خطيرة على الصعيدين الاقتصادي والقانوني وما رافق ذلك من تنوع الاعتداءات على تلك المعلومات والبيانات والبرامج، فهذه التطور الشامل للمنظومة الالكترونية، وما تعبه من نشاط متواصل ما بين أكثرمن مائتي دولة جعلها على اتصال دائم من خلال تبادل البيانات والمعلومات التي يتم إدخالها وتحميلها على الشبكة الالكترونية في اقل من دقيقة مما جعله متاحة لأي مستخدم في تلك الدول) 5(. ولم تعرف الدول العربية الحاسب الآلي لا في مطلع السبعينات من القرن العشرين،حيث أدخلته شركات البترول في بعض الدول مثل السعودية والكويت وليبيا، ودخل إلى لبنان من خلال البنوك الأجنبية والمحلية، وأدخلته بعض الدوائر الحكومية إلى القطاع الحكومي في مصر والعراق وإزاء هذا التطور ودخول الحاسب الآلي إلى مختلف الدول، فأن العديد من الجرائم الاقتصادية سوف تظهر في البيئة الالكترونية والناتجة عن اتساع استخدام الحاسوب والانترنت لأنه ما دام البشر موجودين فالخير موجود والشر موجود والجريمة وموجودة مما دفع صوب إيجاد تشريعات تنظم وتحارب تلك الجرائم، فكانت القواعد التقليدية في قانون العقوبات التي تطبق على تلك الجرائم،ونظراً لانتشار تلك الجرائم كان لا بد من البحث عن تشريعات جديدة وحديثة لمواجه الجرائم الالكترونية، والتي يمتد تأثيرها على الأشخاص والأموال، مما حذا بالدول لوضع تشريعات لمواجه ذلك وكانت بداية انفتاحها على القانون الجنائي والذي يرسخ بداية هذه الفكرة قانون جرائم المعلوماتية الفرنسي الصادر سنة 1988 ويحمل الرقم 19 وما تبعه من قانونين أخره ذات صلة ومنها التشريع الفرنسي الصادر في 4أغسطس 1994 المسمى بقانون Toubon ، ومن ثم توالت الدول في سن القوانين ) 6(، و التشريعات ومن الدول العربية التي اجتهدت في ذلك قانون الجرائم الالكترونية الأردني رقم 27 لسنة 2015 ، والقانون الاتحادي لدول الإمارات رقم 2 لعام 2006 بشأن مكافحة جرائم تقنيه المعلومات،والنظام السعودي لمكافحة جرائم المعلوماتية الصادر 2007 ، كما أن هنالك مشروع قرار بقانون فلسطيني 2016 بمسمى المعاملات الإلكترونية ) 7(.
يا قدس! نشرة أكاديمية ثقافية، النشرة ٤
(Center for Jerusalem Studies, Al-Quds University, 2018-07-01) العبد, شكري; السمان, مها; السكاكيني, خليل; سالم, وليد; سعادة, رائد; رداد, سامر
هذا العدد من يا قدس! يأتي في وقت تم فيه تعيين السيد أرنان بشير كمدير لمركز دراسات القدس. من هذا المنبر نود أن نتمنى له كل التوفيق في مساعيه الحثيثة في تعزيز رؤية وأهداف المركز. نود أيضا أن نوجه دعوة للمشاركة في العدد الخامس من مجلة يا قدس! المقالات ممكن أن تكون باللغة العربية أو الإنجليزية على أن لا يتجاوز المقال ال 1200 كلمة. الموعد النهائي لتقديم المشاركات هو 25 أيلول، 2018 .
Ya Quds Academic Cultural News Letter, Issue No. 4
(Center for Jerusalem Studies, Al-Quds University, 2018-07-01) Al-Abed, Shukri; Samman, Maha; Qumsiyeh, Mazin B.; Saeed, Reena; Breijyeh, Alya; Abu Hamdan, Zeina
This issue of Ya Quds! comes at a time when the Centre for Jerusalem Studies has appointed a new director, Arnan Bashir. We would like to wish him all the best in his endeavours to promote the vision and goals of the Centre. We would like to send out a call for the fifth issue of Ya Quds!, Articles may be in Arabic or English and should not exceed 1200 words. The deadline for submission is September 25, 2018.
YA QUDS! Issue No. 5
(Center for Jerusalem Studies, 2019-05-01) Al-Abed, Shukri; Samman, Maha; Ruished, Adel; Abu Ghosh, Amaal; Aruri, Ghada
Jerusalem is full of stories. When preparing for each issue of Ya Quds!, we receive a good number of literary and social articles as well as poems. We are happy to read them all and learn from them. When reading these writings, we realize that this city is full of treasures and surprises, full of creative abilities and hidden talents. Despite the difficult political, economic, and social conditions, and perhaps because of them, these treasures and talents stem from the strong feelings of Jerusalemites for their city reflecting their hopes for a better future. We thank all those who sent their writings and apologize to those whose articles were not published in this issue.
يا قدس! نشرة أكاديمية ثقافية، النشرة رقم 5
(مركز دراسات القدس, 2019-05-01) العبد, شكري; السمان, مها; الصياد, حسين; الدقاق, عزام; حمدالله, عزام; رابي, ازدهار
كثيرٌة هي قصص وحكايات مدينة القدس، فعند التحضير لكل نشرة من هذه المجلة يصلنا عدد لا بأس به من المقالات الاجتماعية والأدبّية والأشعار ونسعد بقراءة جميعها والتعلم منها. فعند قراءة هذه الكتابات والمقالات نتيقن مجدداً بأن هذه المدينة مليئة بالكنوز والمفاجآت، وبالقدرات الإبداعية والمواهب المخفية. وبالرغم من صعوبة الأوضاع السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية، وربما بسببها، تنبثق هذّه القدرات لتعبر عن مشاعر المقدسيين وآمالهم في مستقبل أفضل. نتقدم بالشكر إلى كل من أرسل كتاباته للمجلة ونعتذر للذين لم نستطع نشر مقالاتهم في هذا العدد.
Strategy for DNA extraction and detection frominsect pests in stored home grain samples
(Al-Quds University - Deanship of Scientific Research, 2021-02-20) Abbasi, Ibrahim; Halaseh, Lamia; Darwish, Hisham M.; Matouk, Imad
Stored grains are subjected to infestations with more than 60 species of insects, that responsible for millions of dollars loss and cause several health problems including allergies and gastrointestinal disorders. Traditional detection techniques are laborious, expensive and not sensitive to detect insect contamination at the egg and larvae stages. Therefore, alternative methods are needed for rapid and sensitive detection. One obvious approach is to develop a molecular approach utilizing genetic information of the potential insect species that infest grains for amplification of specific target gene fragment utilizing polymerase chain reaction [PCR]. In the present study, a number of known infested grain samples were used in standardizing a method to isolate larvae and adult insects that were based on centrifugation washing method and a filtration washing method. The isolated insects were subjected to DNA extraction and PCR amplification of defined regions of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene followed by sequencing to identify the different pest species. For PCR amplification new primers were designed and for this purpose the obtained COI sequences from different insects were aligned to design two sets of primers (named: COI-PCR4 and COI-PCR5) specific for the indicated insect mitochondrial COI gene. The designed primers were tested for their specificity and sensitivity. The suitability of PCR primers and DNA extraction methods were evaluated on eleven samples of commercial grains utilizing each primer set with the two extraction methods.
Assessment of job satisfaction and job related stress among pharmacists in the West Bank, Palestine
(Al-Quds University - Deanship of Scientific Research, 2021-02-20) Sirhan, Jawna; Hallak, Hussein; Khdour, Maher
Job satisfaction is considered one of the essential factors contributing to a person’s motivation, productivity and overall well-being, the present study aimes to assess job satisfaction and job-related stress levels among pharmacists that are currently registered and practicing in Palestine. we report a cross-sectional survey, including measures of satisfaction and stress (Health Professions Stress Inventory) questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-tests and one way ANOVAs. The significance level was set at P<0.05. Out of 694 questionnaires distributed, 576 were returned; 14 were not completed and excluded from analysis giving a net of 554 (79.8%) participants. Most of the respondents in the analysis sample were female (58.3%) working in community pharmacies (73.6%). The level of job satisfaction was 58.5%, the variables that contributed to the statistically significant, differences in the degree of job satisfaction were the region (p<0.001) and the monthly income (p<0.001). The t-tests and ANOVA analyses revealed that hospital pharmacists were the least likely to respond that job conflicts with family responsibility as a source of stress compared with community pharmacists (3.11 vs 2.14; p<0.001) and least likely scores in the professional recognition domain (3.21 vs. 2.79; p =0.04), respectively. Other job stressors like excessive work load, lack of promotion opportunities and poor physician pharmacists’ relationship have also been reported. Work life of pharmacists should be enhanced in order to improve their motivation and ability, because failure to reduce stress among workers puts both pharmacists and patients at risk.
Establishment of CD4 and CD8 Lymphocyte subsets in a healthy HIV and Toxoplasma seronegative pregnant women in Libya
(Al-Quds University - Deanship of Scientific Research, 2021-02-20) Amro, Ahmad; Gashout, Aisha; Erhuma, Mabruk; Al-Dwibe, Hamida; Almgrhe, Abeer; Abudaher, Abdulhafid
Most of the diagnostic laboratories in Libya often depend on western textbooks for CD4+- and CD8+ T-lymphocyte reference values. In this paper, we established reference ranges for the Libyan Toxoplasma, HIV, HBV, and HCV seronegative healthy pregnant women in all trimesters of pregnancy, and compared them with a control group of non-pregnant women. Whole-blood samples were collected to provide normal ranges for CD4+ and CD8+ Lymphocyte subsets expressed as mean ± standard division. A total of 110 Libyan women who came from Tripoli and Zwara districts were investigated; 70 pregnant women (aged 27.8 ± 2.99, range 18-40 years old) and 40 non-pregnant women (aged 22.7±3.01, range 18-40 years old) were included as controls. All cases/controls were seronegative for toxoplasmosis, HIV, HBV and HCV. The CD4+ cell counts were 685±256 cell/μl at the first trimester (T1), 740±202 at T2, and 923±203 cell/μl at T3. While the CD8+ cell counts were 451±171 cell/μl at T1, 541±168 at T2, and 753±190 cell/μl at T3. The CD4:CD8 ratios were 1.5±0.64 at T1, 1.4±0.51 at T2, and 1.2±0.36 at T3. Moreover, the mean absolute CD4+ and CD8+ counts for the control group were 1001±232 cell/μl and 717±159 cell/μl respectively. Absolute counts of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in pregnant women were significantly lower as compared to controls (P<0.05). Statistically significant decrease in the CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts was reported during T1 (P<0.05). These values increased significantly during the T2, and was comparable to the controls during T3 (P>0.05). The absolute CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts decreased with age for both groups. Geographical variation was reported for the cell counts between Tripoli and Zwara district at T3. We established reference ranges of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes for the Libyan healthy pregnant women and discussed their use as prognostic markers. Further cohorts with greater sample size may be required to define the stage of the disease in relation to the normal CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte count subsets in the Libyan population.
Prodrugs from Serendipity to Design by Computational Chemistry Methods
(Al-Quds University - Deanship of Scientific Research, 2021-02-20) Karaman, Rafik
Imagination is more important than knowledge when knowledge is limited and can not solve important questions. Inventiveness in the drug design has been clumsiness in quality and quantity. This may be due to the ineptness and incapability of medicinal chemists to comprehend biochemistry and biology issues. On the other hand, biochemists, biologists, and pharmaceutical chemists do not possess the expertise to make complex organic entities. Hence, a team comprising of all expertise is a must to invoke a novel drug.
Epidemiology of Enterobiasis in Palestine
(Al-Quds University - Deanship of Scientific Research, 2021-02-20) Hamarsheh, Omar
Enteropiasis is a parasitic disease caused by the pinworm; Enterobius vermicularis. In this report, the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infection in the West Bank and Gaza strip was investigated based on Palestinian Ministry of Health reports from 2008 to 2018. A total of 29,390 cases was reported, 29,061 (98.9%) in the West Bank, and 329 cases (1.1%) in Gaza Strip. The results of the present study show that E. vermicularis infection is highly prevalent among people living in the West Bank and to lesser extend in Gaza Strip. There is a need for joint and concentrated efforts from the Palestinian government and public health services to control this infection. Personal hygiene, education and living conditions and overcrowding are risk factors associated with the spread of infection.
The long Non-coding RNA Orchestrator of Cancer Axis of EvilInsights into the Multiple Modes of Action of the H19 Gene
(Al-Quds University - Deanship of Scientific Research, 2021-02-20) Matouk, Imad
ncreasing evidence has indicated that the non-coding RNA molecules play central roles in almost all biological processes and many pathological conditions including carcinogenesis. This review focuses on the pathological tumorigenic role of the first discovered long non-coding RNA gene called H19 and its pivotal contribution to the cancer axis of evil. H19 RNA utilizes a variety of mechanisms to perform its pathological function. Some key unanswered questions are presented by the end. Understanding the H19 RNA mechanisms of action will shed light into the class of long non-coding RNA which contains contains thousands of members mostly with unknown functionn and will help in delineating the pathological role played by at least some of them
Characterization of Leishmania Ulcers Microbiota Using Next Generation Sequencing
(Al-Quds University - Deanship of Scientific Research, 2021-02-20) Ereqat, Suheir; Al-Jawabreh, Amer; Abdeen, Ziad; Al-Jwabreh, Hanan; Nasereddin, Abedelmajeed
The human skin microbiome is a major source of bacteria in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) ulcers following the fall of the crust and the subsequent formation of a shallow depression in the epidermis and dermis of the skin. As a result, secondary bacterial infections are frequently observed which impair the healing process. Our study aimed to investigate the bacterial communities in CL lesions using next-generation sequencing. A total of 298 patients (178 males and 120 females; the median age of 17) presenting ulcerated skin lesions suspected with CL were included in this study. CL was confirmed in 153 (51%) cases by ITS1-PCR and/ or microscopy. Based on bacterial 16S rRNA-PCR, 92 samples were positive for the presence of bacteria, while 206 samples were negative and excluded from the microbiome study. A total of 925 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were identified and assigned to 215 genera. Despite an insignificant difference in the microbiome composition between CL and non-CL lesions, the phylum level analysis revealed that Actinobacteria was significantly higher in CL ulcers while Proteobacteria was significantly higher in non-CL ulcers (X2, P=0.039). The relative abundance of the most commonly encountered skin pathogens i. e E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter, Enterococcus and Acinetobacter species were significantly higher in non-CL ulcers (X2, P<0.05) compared to Staphylococcus aureusand Proteus mirabilis which was higher in CL ulcers (P<0.05). Our data showed that bacterial communities did not cluster according to the Leishmania infection. Nonetheless, bacterial diversity was lower in CL compared to non-CL lesions. Presence of pathogenic bacteria in CL lesions such as S. aureus might exacerbate lesions, hinder diagnosis, and delay healing.
Cluster analysis for food group consumption patterns in a national sample of Palestinian schoolchildren: Evidence from HBSC Survey 2013-2014
(Al-Quds University - Deanship of Scientific Research, 2021-02-20) Qasrawi, Radwan; Al Halawa, Diala Abu; Ayyad, Rawan; Al Sabbah, Halema; Taweel, Haneen; Abdeen, Ziad
Background: Promoting a healthy diet and lifestyle to reduce the national burden of nutrition-related problems among Palestinians requires an understanding of food consumption trends and patterns. Few studies have examined the food consumption patterns with the macro and micronutrient intakes and nutrition risk factors. The objective of this study was to study the food frequency and nutrient intake consumption patterns of Palestinian schoolchildren and their associations with the socioeconomic and risk factors.This is a national cross-sectional descriptive study conducted on Palestinian schoolchildren from the West Bank. The study examined the food consumption patterns of the macro and micronutrient intakes and nutrition risk factors among 1945 students aged 11-16 years. The data collected using the food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour recall that was administered by trained field workers. Food groups’ classification, nutrient intakes, body mass index (BMI) Z-scores, and socioeconomic differences were examined across the food groups’ patterns of consumption. We employed Z-score and K-Means cluster analysis to identify food consumption patterns and to examine factors associated with nutrient intakes. The food frequency results identified three food consumption clusters including the traditional, non-traditional, and mixed pattern. A total of 796 students (41%) were in traditional cluster, 458 (23.5%) in non-traditional cluster, and 691(35.5%) in mixed cluster. The nutrient intakes identified three clusters (High, Moderate, and Low consumption patterns) out of macronutrient, vitamins, and minerals categories. Most of the students located in the low consumption cluster for macronutrient, vitamins, and minerals clusters (66.9%, 67.7%, and 64 %) respectively. The traditional cluster was associated with healthy, non-obese, and physically active students and the non-traditional cluster was associated with unhealthy and obese students, but both shown significantly different across the identified clusters. Imbalance in dietary intakes among schoolchildren reflects a lack of dietary diversity. High sugar, fats and oils, and beverages consumption, low consumption of grains, fruits, beans and legumes, and meat are noticed in Palestinian schoolchildren. The findings indicated the importance of considering the food groups' intake variations among Palestinian schoolchildren. As the segments relate to children’s health, nutrition diet programs should consider the high scores of non-traditional and mixed food consumption among schoolschildren.
The Plastic Industry worldwide and in Palestine
(Al-Quds University Deasnhip of Scientific Research, 2021-02-20) Dweik, Hassan
A world without plastics or synthetic polymers can't be imagined today. The first synthetic plastics was produced in the beginning of the twentieth century, however industrial plastics production started in 1950. Production of plastic materials to day surpasses any other synthetic material with the exception of steel and cement. The share of plastics in municipal solid waste increased from 1% in the 1960 to more than 10% in 2005. Most monomers used today to make plastics such polyethylene (PE) or Polypropylene (PP), or polystyrene (PS) are produced from the petroleum industry and none is biodegradable, they accumulate in the environment and pose great threat and serious concern to humanity and to marine life. In 2010 approximately 8 Million Metric Ton (MT) of plastic waste entered the marine environment. Global production of polymers and fiber increased from 2 (MT) in 1960 to 380(MT) in 2015 a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.4% while the total production of polymers and fibers from 1960 – 2015 was estimated to be around 7800 (MT). China alone produces 28%, and 68% of world production of PP. Biodegradable plastics amount to only 4 (MT). Non fiber plastics production is (PE 36%, PP 21%), Polyvinylchloride PVC (12%) followed by polyethylene terphthalate PET, polyurethane, and polystyrene less than 10% each ,42% of plastics are used in packaging. Palestine show a fast-growing plastic industry though we import plastics worth 255 million US $ as reported in the United Nations International Trade Statistics (COMTRADE) in 2018, compared to US $200 Million imported in 2014. However, we were able to export to the world 66.3 million US $ worth of plastic materials added to that our export to Israel of plastic product worth 86 million US $, mostly packaging materials.Three important countries that export plastic materials to Palestine are Turkey. China and south Korea. Turkey alone in 2018 exported plastics worth 25 million $. The plastic industry in Palestine is among the largest industry. However, we still manufacture the traditional plastics for packaging. Our country needs to develop this industry and diversify the plastic products to meet the needs of the market such as automobile, electrical appliances, refrigerators, and many other industries.

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