Vol 4 No.1

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The Art of Ruling: Machiavelli’s The Prince
(Al-Quds University - Deanship of Scientific Research, 2023-05-16) Ali Jallad; Ibrahim Marzaka
ackground: In The Prince, Niccolò Machiavelli discusses ruling and the exercise of power. It is intended as a practical guide for leaders seeking to maintain their hold on power and ensure the stability and prosperity of their domains. Machiavelli presents a clear-eyed and unsentimental view of the reality of power and the challenges that rulers face. He advocates for the use of cunning, deceit, and force as necessary tools in the quest for power and the maintenance of control, regardless of the morality of the actions taken to achieve that.
Current Updates in Gene Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
(Al-Quds University - Deanship of Scientific Research, 2023-05-16) Hossam Tharwat Ali; Haya Mohamed; Yara Ashour; Idris Sula; Ahmed Elrefaey; Mennatullah Mohamed Eltaras; Mostafa Meshref
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating disease affecting predominantly young adults. The underlying pathogenesis isn’t fully understood although autoimmune attacks against proteins in the CNS is the most accepted theory. Oligodendrocytes seem to be the most involved resulting in demyelinated axons. Currently, the management of MS focuses on relieving symptoms during acute attacks and preventing disease progression using disease-odifying agents such as interferon-beta, dimethyl fumarate, natalizumab, and fingolimod. Studies have proven long-term improvement on these drugs. However, possible side effects and curatively inducing or improving the repair process are major challenges.
Knowledge and Attitude Toward Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation among Al-Quds University Students
(Al-Quds University - Deanship of Scientific Research, 2023-05-16) Bayan Izhiman; Zainab Qasem; Duha Eid; Raghad Tamimi; Ibrahim Ghannam
Background: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a life-saving procedure for individuals suffering from sickle cell anemia, hematologic malignancies, and immunological disorders. However, the probability of finding a well-matched donor within the family ranges between 25% and 30%. The best donor is a fully matched human leukocyte antigen (HLA) sibling. For other patients who do not have a matched family member, transplantation from an unrelated volunteer donor may be an option.
Locked Out: A Critical Look into the Grand Residential Projects of East-Jerusalem
(Al-Quds University - Deanship of Scientific Research, 2023-05-16) Rana Hadieh; Saad Ameerh
Background:Palestinians living in East-Jerusalem are constantly on edge, the fear of losing their homes lingers continuously. Palestinians face the threat of losing their homes at the hands of the Israeli occupation which sends out home demolition orders for families and justifies it with the absence of a permit. This is a systematic and institutionalized form of violence of an occupying power; however, one would expect Palestinian landowners and the owners of rented apartment buildings in East-Jerusalem to facilitate the residency of Palestinians knowing how hard it is to own a home or find one in this city. This is why I was surprised when I found out that the building that my grandmother has lived in for years, and the one that is sustaining 4-5 businesses on the first floor is to be demolished soon by the owner, to build a grand residential project. What has inspired the emergence of all of these grand projects throughout recent years? How is the establishment of these projects facilitated and granted a building permit by Israel, when Palestinian families are not given a permit to build a home the size of a bedroom? I introduce this topic through the story of my grandmother, who is facing possible displacement because the apartment she has been living in for years is going to be turned into a huge residential complex, she now has to face the sudden changes of moving into a different home, leaving the one that she has lived in all of her life.
The Concept of Fear
(Al-Quds University - Deanship of Scientific Research, 2023-05-16) Justine Khalaf; Ibrahim Marazka
Background: A Palestinian student fulfilling a course assignment (final essay) about a text called “The Leviathan” Objectives: To explain the concept of fear in the text of Thomas Hobbes (The Leviathan) and how this topic was explored within two other authors’ works. Methods:Close textual analysis of the main text and then research about two other texts. Results: The two other authors strongly disagreed with Hobbes’ ideas and rejected his claims.
Knowledge of the Palestinian Final Year Students in the Medical Complex Regarding Drug Induced Ototoxicity: Cross Sectional Study
(Al-Quds University - Deanship of Scientific Research, 2023-05-16) Aseel Bader; Dareen Totah; Sabreen Halawani; Rania Ghanem.
Background: Ototoxicity is the tendency of certain substances, which are administered either in a systemic or topical manner, to cause functional impairment and cellular damage to the tissue of the inner ear, especially to the end organs of the cochlear and vestibular divisions of the eighth cranial nerve. It is therefore important that healthcare professionals and prescribers are able to identify and understand such medications and their effects to ensure effective patient care.
أثر التحفظ المحاسبي على جودة أرباح الشركات المساهمة العامة الصناعية المدرجة في بورصة فلسطين
(Al-Quds University - Deanship of Scientific Research, 2023-05-16) سندس معاوية شكعة; هبة حسني حسونة; عبد الناصر نور
الخلفية: يهدف هذا البحث إلى قياس مستوى التحفظ المحاسبي في الشركات المدرجة في بورصة فلسطين، واختبار أثر التحفظ المحاسبي على جودة األرباح المحاسبية المتمثلة في كل من: استمرارية الأرباح والقدرة التنبؤية لألرباح، وذلك بوجود المتغيرالضابط حجم الشركة. حيث تم تطبيق هذه الدراسة على عينة مكونة من 13 شركة مساهمة عامة صناعية مدرجة في بورصة فلسطين خالل الفترة (2021-2016). ومن أجل تحقيق أهداف هذه الدراسة قمنا بالاعتماد على مؤشر القيمة الدفترية الى القيمة السوقية (BTM) لقياس المتغير المستقل التحفظ المحاسبي، كما وتم قياس استمرارية األرباح باستخدام نموذج انحدار األرباح الحالية على األرباح السابقة، اما القدرة التنبؤية فيتم قياسها باستخدام الجذر التربيعي للتباين خطأ التقدير الناتج عن استخدام نموذج انحدار الأرباح المستخدم لقياس استمرارية األرباح، وبعد إجراء التحليالت اإلحصائية واختبار الفرضيات باستخدام تحليل كثير المتغيرات الخطي الثابت والعشوائي، تم التوصل إلى أن الشركات المساهمة العامة الصناعية المدرجة في بورصة فلسطين التطبق التحفظ المحاسبي، وان أرباح هذه الشركات تتصف بالاستمرارية والقدرة التنبؤية، كما تم التوصل الى وجود عالقة عكسية ذات دلالة إحصائية بين التحفظ المحاسبي واستمرارية الأرباح، الاأنه ال يوجد عالقة ذات داللة إحصائية بين التحفظ المحاسبي والقدرة التنبؤية لألرباح، كما أن هناك عالقة طردية بين حجم الشركة واستمرارية الأرباحإال أنها ليست ذات دلالة إحصائية، والعالقة بين حجم الشركة والقدرة التنبؤية كانت عكسية وليست ذات دلالة إحصائية، كما وتقدم هذه الدراسة توصيات للشركات بتطبيق التحفظ المحاسبي بشكل معتدل، والعمل على زيادة وعي ستخدمين القوائم المالية بأهمية جودة األرباح عند اتخاذ القرارات الاستثماريةوالتمويلية.
Assessment of Nutritional Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices among Pediatric Oncology Caregivers Assessment of Nutritional Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices among Pediatric Oncology Caregivers
(Al-Quds University - Deanship of Scientific Research, 2023-05-16) Karam Khaled; Rahaf Hamdan; Najah Isawi; Amna Abu Mfareh; Maha Husseini
Background: Adequate nutrition in childhood is important for proper neurodevelopment, also it is important for the growth and development of the immune system by supporting it against illness and infections as well as increasing quality of life. Cancer rates are increasing worldwide, and the occurrence of this disease is affected by nutritional factors (diet, nutrition, and exercise). Poor nutritional knowledge, behavior, practices, and awareness of caregivers of children with cancer are disturbing. It has been found that nutritional knowledge might help these patients to adopt healthy eating patterns. In the Middle East generally and Palestine especially, there are few studies on this topic. The study aims to assess nutritional knowledge, practices, and behaviors among pediatric oncology caregivers in Augusta Victoria Hospital and Beit Jala Governmental Hospital.
Plantscape Application Built by a Palestinian Student of Pharmaceutical Data for Palestinian Plants
(Al-Quds University - Deanship of Scientific Research, 2023-05-16) Alaa Hasan Eid; Qusai Salama; Ibrahim Samahin; Rania Ghanim
Background: A group of particular plants of Palestine were supplied with information to generate a database for the program, which is concerned with photo entry, then the app detects the particular plant from the database and informs user with its pharmaceutical information. The plants were selected according to the availability in the surrounding environment in overall Palestine region depending on the anthropological rather than medical sources. Objectives:To create an easy way to distinguish between Palestinian herps focusing on pharmaceutical component.
Management of Anemia Among Hemodialysis Patients in Hebron Governorate
(Al-Quds University - Deanship of Scientific Research, 2023-05-16) Amneh Hawamdeh; Rasha Alnatsheh; Lina Alhasani; Haneen Nur; Abeer Ghanayem
Background: Renal Anemia is a prevalent condition among end-stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially among patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) due to erythropoietin deficiency. Uncontrolled anemia treatment is a major contributing factor for increased mortality and significant decrease in the Quality of Life (QoL). Medical protocols of renal anemia for end stage CKD patients vary between blood transfusion, erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) therapy or iron supplements. Palestinian hemodialysis patients receive medical care and treatment in the governmental hospitals. However, the clinical outcomes for HD patients are not clearly assessed.
Urea Modified TiO2 Nanoparticles Prepared by Sol-Gel Method to enhance the Photocatalytic
(Al-Quds University - Deanship of Scientific Research, 2023-05-16) Bilal Abu Alomareen; Amal Alkahloot
Background: Photocatalytic process is performed when the material absorbs energy from the sun, for example, or from an ultraviolet light source that is at least equal to the energy gap. Electrons move from the valence band to the conduction band, so we have an electron in the conduction band and a positive hole in the valence band. The positive hole is a strong oxidizer that can oxidize particles. In this work the TiO2 nanoparticles will be prepared with different concentration of urea in order to get modified TiO2. We will also study the effect of urea modified TiO2 on the photocatalytic process.
Association between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Adiposity Indicators in Adults from Qatar
(Al-Quds University - Deanship of Scientific Research, 2023-05-16) Duaa Yousif; Nouran ElTantawi; Almaha Al-Jabri; Ahmed Badr; Zainab Nurulhaque; Yunes Haithm; Najlaa Al- Meraikhi; Tawanda Chivese; Giridhara Rathnaiah Babu
Background: Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by high peripheral glucose levels. The global prevalence of T2DM is expected to increase to 7079 individuals per 100,000 by 2030, indicating a significant public health concern . In Qatar, the prevalence of T2DM among adults was approximately 17% in 2019 , highlighting the need for studies regarding the changes in persons with T2DM to improve clinical assessment and management.
The Effect of Social Media on Aggressive Behaviors of Palestinian University Students
(Al-Quds University - Deanship of Scientific Research, 2023-05-16) Mirna Mustafa; Akram Amro
Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of social networking sites on the aggressive behavior of university students. This study was guided by three research questions: 1-What is the role of social networking sites such as Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and others in promoting aggressive behaviors among university students? 2-What are violent films, programs, videos and games promoting behaviors among university students? 3-What is the most used and affected site on aggressive student behavior? Methods: Descriptive research design was adopted. A descriptive survey aimed at collecting data on and describing in a systematic manner the characteristics, features and facts about a given population. An inferential quantitative method was applied. The sample consisted of a group of young people who use social networking sites. They were selected in a simple random method. Their number is estimated at (80) individuals with a university level of education and they differ in terms of gender and age. Multivariate statistical methods were used to answer the research questions. An online survey was conducted using a questionnaire disseminated among university students in Palestine. It included items related to the use and impact of social media, and items with offensive aspects, and it is emphasized that data will be used for scientific purposes only. A two-sections questionnaire was used, the first is the Buss-Perry Aggression scale , which is a questionnaire was designed by Arnold H. Buss and Mark Perry ( 1992 ) , professors from the University of Texas at Austin which measures different types of hostility between people and it consist of 29 items for measuring aggressive behaviors including 4 dimensions – physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility. The inventory used a Likert answering system. Study subjects/respondents were asked to select the choice that best suited them from the following options: 1- extremely uncharacteristic, 2-somewhat uncharacteristic, 3- somewhat characteristics and 4-extremely characteristics (where the rating is out of 1 which is extremely uncharacteristic to 4 which is extremely characteristics). The Cronbach reliability coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.71. The second section of the questionnaire consists of questions to find out the most used social media and its impact and the effect of watching violent videos on student behavior. This was structured on a 4-point scale ranging from strongly agree, agree, disagree and strongly disagree.
Indications, Characteristics, Findings & Recommendation of Patients Undergoing ERCP in Al Shefa Hospital
(Al-Quds University - Deanship of Scientific Research, 2023-05-16) Mustafa Abu Jayyab; Mustafa A. Abu Jayyab; Hasan K. H. Hamdan; Ahmed M. Z. Eid; Khaled A. A. Siyam; Moshee Al-Dahdouh; Tayseer Jamal Afifi; Khamis Elessi
Background: Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a highly specialized procedure that combines diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. ERCP allows physicians to examine the biliary tract, pancreas, and gallbladder by using a flexible endoscope equipped with a tiny camera and contrast dye. ERCP is frequently used to diagnose and treat various conditions, such as gallstones, pancreatitis, bile duct obstruction, and certain cancers. During the procedure, the physician can remove obstructions, take tissue samples for further testing, and place stents to keep the bile duct open. The procedure is performed by a highly trained gastroenterologist in a hospital or specialized center equipped with the necessary tools and equipment. While ERCP is generally safe, it does carry a higher risk of complications, such as pancreatitis, bleeding, or infection. Patients who undergo ERCP will need to fast for several hours before the procedure and will receive sedation to help them relax during the examination. Following the procedure, patients may experience mild discomfort or bloating, but these symptoms typically subside within a few days. ERCP is a crucial tool in the diagnosis and treatment of many gastrointestinal conditions, and if recommended by your physician, it is important to carefully follow all pre- and post-procedure instructions to ensure the best possible outcome.
Knowledge, Perception, and Management of PCOS among Women in Palestine
(Al-Quds University - Deanship of Scientific Research, 2023-05-16) Massa Ali Zahdeh; Hussein Hallak
Background: Women’s health is all about preventing, diagnosing, and treating conditions that are nspecific to females. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) ranks among the most prevalent endocrinopathies in women. It can negatively affect women if left undiagnosed and unmanaged. This will roughly reduce the quality of life of many women, and increase their exposure to chronic diseases. To better understand how women perceive PCOS and how gynecologists handle it, a mixed-method research is required.
The Importance of the Sanctions Movement in South Africa to its Liberation
(Al-Quds University - Deanship of Scientific Research, 2023-05-16) Shumoo Ayaseh; Daniel Terris
Background: The key factor in pushing a nation to fight for their freedom is having their rights turned into privileges, this research will work in understanding how that was the case for South Africa, and how similar the Palestinian struggle is to it. This research was motivated by the similarity of the case of South Africa and the case of Palestine, as well as the desire to clearly articulate the factors that contributed to the freedom of other nations, as compared to a local context.
Prevalence of Hemophilia A and B: Molecular and Clinical Similarities and Differences
(Al-Quds University - Deanship of Scientific Research, 2023-05-16) Hiba abu sharkh; Ruba Idrees; Shadia Al Najar; Khawla Halahla; Lama Manasra; Yara Rawashdeh; Mayar Tarayrah; Aseel Shreteh; Haneen Nur; Mahmoud Ramlawi
Background: Hemophilia A and B are rare congenital disorders linked to the X chromosome due to a lack or deficiency of clotting factor VIII (FVIII) or factor IX (FIX), respectively. The severity of the disease depends on decreased levels of factor VIII or factor IX, which are determined by the type of causative mutation in the gene coding factors (F8 and F9, respectively), and this can lead to spontaneous bleeding, as well as bleeding after injuries or surgery, given the importance of hemophilia. The old and recent studies aimed at identifying the disease and making society aware of it. Despite this, the Palestinian society lacks local awareness of this disease.
An Epidemiological Study of Wilson's Disease in Morocco
(Al-Quds University - Deanship of Scientific Research, 2023-05-16) Nadia Abbassi; Azeddine Seddki; Nadra Lekouch; Sedki Azeddine
Objectives: Wilson's disease is an autosomal recessive disorder that affects copper metabolism leading to copper accumulation in the liver, nervous system, and cornea. There is a lack of data regarding the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, treatment and survival from Wilson's disease cohorts in Morocco. The aim of this study is to examine these features and the cause of death in a Moroccan population
Assessment of Palestinian Pharmacists Knowledge Concerning Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
(Al-Quds University - Deanship of Scientific Research, 2023-05-16) Haya Sobh; Aseel Mhana; Aseel Ghayadah; Rania Ghanim
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by decrease in kidney function. CKD is a public health problem with an increasing incidence and prevalence, poor outcomes and high cost.
A Retrospective Assessment of Drug Dose Adjustment and Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) for Patients with Kidney Failure in Palestine Governmental Hospitals- Dialysis Department
(Al-Quds University - Deanship of Scientific Research, 2023-05-16) Hadeel K. Salameh; Hussein Hallak
Background: The study is conducted in order to assess both DDI and dose adjustment for patients with kidney failure. It’s a retrospective cross-sectional observational study. The data was collected from Palestine governmental hospitals, it included 101 patients, and contains the history of drugs prescribed during six months (between 1 August 2022, to 31 January 2023). The data was analyzed and the assessment of DDI and dose adjustment were done using official guidelines and references.

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