الأنماط القيادية لدى مديري المدارس في فلسطين وفقاً لنظرية هيرسي وبلانشرد وعلاقتها بمستوى الأداء الوظيفي ودافعية الإنجاز لمعلمي تلك المدارس (رسالة دكتوراه)
Date
2024-07-07
Authors
دعاء حسن عبد المهدي البراهمة
Duaa Hassn Abd- Almohdy Barahmeh
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
هدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى درجة ممارسة مديري المدارس في فلسطين للأنماط القيادية وفقاً لنظرية هيرسي وبلانشرد، وعلاقتها بمستوى الأداء الوظيفي ودافعية الإنجاز لمعلمي تلك المدارس، وقد تكونت عينة الدراسة من (360) معلم ومعلمة من معلمي المدارس في فلسطين والتي تم اختيارها بالطريقة الطبقية العشوائية. ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم تطوير أداة من أربعة أجزاء، بلغ عدد فقراتها(71) فقرة، وتم التحقق من صدقها وثباتها، وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن درجة ممارسة مديري المدارس في فلسطين للأنماط القيادية وفقاً لنظرية هيرسي وبلانشرد جاءت على النحو الاَتي: النمط المشارك في الرتبة الأولى بدرجة مرتفعة، يليه النمط الإخباري(الاَمر) في الرتبة الثانية بدرجة متوسطة، ثم جاء النمط الإقناعي( المسوق) في الرتبة الثالثة بدرجة متوسطة، بينما جاء نمط التفويض في الرتبة الأخيرة بدرجة متوسطة أيضاً. كما أن مستوى الأداء الوظيفي ودافعية الإنجاز لمعلمي تلك المدارس جاء بدرجة مرتفعة أيضاً، وأظهرت النتائج عدم وُجُود فُرُوق ذات دَلالَة إِحْصائيَّة بَيْن مُتَوسط اِسْتجابات أَفرَاد عَينَة الدِّراسة عن دَرجَة ممارسة مديري المدارس في فلسطين للأنماط القيادية وفقاً لنظرية هيرسي وبلانشارد مِن وُجهَة نظر المعلِّمين تَعزَّى لِأَثر متغير فِئة الجنْس، وَلجمِيع الأنماط؛ باستثناء النمط الاخباري وجاءت الفروق لصالح الاناث. كما دلت النتائج إلى وجود فروق في درجة ممارسة مديري المدارس في فلسطين للأنماط القيادية وفقاً لنظرية هيرسي وبلانشرد تعزى لمتغير (المؤهل العلمي)، وذلك على جمِيع الأنماط، وجاءت الفروق لصالح مؤهل الدراسات العليا.
وأظهرت النتائج عدم وُجُود فُرُوق ذات دَلالَة إِحْصائيَّة بَيْن مُتَوسط اِسْتجابات أَفرَاد عَينَة الدِّراسة عن دَرجَة ممارسة مديري المدارس في فلسطين للأنماط القيادية وفقاً لنظرية هيرسي وبلانشارد مِن وُجهَة نظر المعلِّمين تَعزَّى لِأَثر الاخْتلاف فِي مستويات الخبرة وذلك على جمِيع الأنماط؛ باستثناء النمط الاخباري وجاءت الفروق لصالح الخبرة الطويلة (10 سنوات فأكثر).
كما أظهرت النتائج جود علاقة إيجابية طردية ذات دلالة إحصائية بين درجة ممارسة مديري المدارس في فلسطين للأنماط القيادية وفقاً لنظرية هيرسي وبلانشرد، ومستوى الأداء الوظيفي ودافعية الإنجاز لدى المعلمين العاملين معهم. وفي ضوء هذه النتائج أوصت الباحثة ضرورة وضع سياسات مستحدثة لمتابعة المعلمين المبدعين وتشجيعهم على تطوير قدراتهم وتوظيفها بالشكل الأمثل، وعلى مديري المدارس تبني منظور قيادي يتسم بالمرونة ويعمل على تعديل الممارسات والأساليب المتبعة وتحديثها بشكل مستمر، وفقاً لطبيعة الموقف وخصائص المرؤوسين.
The study aimed to identify the degree of practice of school principals in Palestine for leadership styles according to the theory of Hersey and Blancherd, and its relationship to the level of job performance and achievement motivation of the teachers of those schools, and the study sample consisted of (360) teachers from school teachers in Palestine, which were selected in a stratified random way. To achieve the objectives of the study, a four-part tool was developed, the number of paragraphs reached (71) paragraphs, and its validity and stability were verified, and the results of the study showed that the degree of practice of school principals in Palestine for leadership styles according to the theory of Hersey and Blancherd It came as follows: the participating pattern in the first rank with a high degree, followed by the news style (command) in the second rank with a medium degree, then the persuasive style (marketer) came in the third rank with a medium degree, while the delegation pattern came in the last rank with a medium degree as well. The level of job performance and achievement motivation of the teachers of these schools was also high, The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the average responses of the study sample members on the degree of practice of school principals in Palestine for leadership styles according to the theory of Hersey and Blanchard from the teachers' point of view due to the effect of the gender category variable, and for all patterns, except for the news pattern, and the differences came in favor of females. The results also indicated that there are differences in the degree of practice of school principals in Palestine for leadership styles according to the theory of Hersey and Blanchhard attributed to the variable (scientific qualification), on all patterns. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the average responses of the study sample members on the degree of practice of school principals in Palestine for leadership styles according to the theory of Hersey and Blanchard from the teachers' point of view due to the effect of the difference in experience levels on all styles, except for the news pattern, and the differences came in favor of long experience (10 years or more). The results also showed a positive statistically significant correlation between the degree to which school principals in Palestine practice leadership styles according to the theory of Hersey and Blancherd, and the level of job performance and achievement motivation of the teachers working with them. In light of these results, the researcher recommended the need to develop new policies to follow up creative teachers and encourage them to develop their abilities and employ them optimally, and school principals should adopt a leadership perspective that is flexible and works to modify the practices and methods used and update them continuously, according to the nature of the situation and the characteristics of subordinates. Keywords: Leadership styles according to the theory of Hersey and Blancherd, Job Performance, Achievement Motivation, School Principals, Teachers.
The study aimed to identify the degree of practice of school principals in Palestine for leadership styles according to the theory of Hersey and Blancherd, and its relationship to the level of job performance and achievement motivation of the teachers of those schools, and the study sample consisted of (360) teachers from school teachers in Palestine, which were selected in a stratified random way. To achieve the objectives of the study, a four-part tool was developed, the number of paragraphs reached (71) paragraphs, and its validity and stability were verified, and the results of the study showed that the degree of practice of school principals in Palestine for leadership styles according to the theory of Hersey and Blancherd It came as follows: the participating pattern in the first rank with a high degree, followed by the news style (command) in the second rank with a medium degree, then the persuasive style (marketer) came in the third rank with a medium degree, while the delegation pattern came in the last rank with a medium degree as well. The level of job performance and achievement motivation of the teachers of these schools was also high, The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the average responses of the study sample members on the degree of practice of school principals in Palestine for leadership styles according to the theory of Hersey and Blanchard from the teachers' point of view due to the effect of the gender category variable, and for all patterns, except for the news pattern, and the differences came in favor of females. The results also indicated that there are differences in the degree of practice of school principals in Palestine for leadership styles according to the theory of Hersey and Blanchhard attributed to the variable (scientific qualification), on all patterns. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the average responses of the study sample members on the degree of practice of school principals in Palestine for leadership styles according to the theory of Hersey and Blanchard from the teachers' point of view due to the effect of the difference in experience levels on all styles, except for the news pattern, and the differences came in favor of long experience (10 years or more). The results also showed a positive statistically significant correlation between the degree to which school principals in Palestine practice leadership styles according to the theory of Hersey and Blancherd, and the level of job performance and achievement motivation of the teachers working with them. In light of these results, the researcher recommended the need to develop new policies to follow up creative teachers and encourage them to develop their abilities and employ them optimally, and school principals should adopt a leadership perspective that is flexible and works to modify the practices and methods used and update them continuously, according to the nature of the situation and the characteristics of subordinates. Keywords: Leadership styles according to the theory of Hersey and Blancherd, Job Performance, Achievement Motivation, School Principals, Teachers.