الأنماط القيادية السائدة لدى مديري التربية والتعليم في فلسطين وفقاً لنظرية "رنسيس ليكرت" وعلاقتها بالثقة التنظيمية والروح المعنوية لرؤساء الأقسام العاملين معهم (رسالة دكتوراه)
Date
2024-07-07
Authors
إسراء ماهر فطافطة
Isra Maher Fatafta
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تعرف الأنماط القيادية السائدة لدى مديري التربية والتعليم في فلسطين وفقاً لنظرية "رنسيس ليكرت" وعلاقتها بالثقة التنظيمية والروح المعنوية لرؤساء الأقسام العاملين معهم. وقد إستخدمت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي المسحي الارتباطي، وتكون مجتمع الدراسة من (240) رئيس قسم، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم تطوير إستبانة مكونة من أربعة أجزاء، وقد بلغ عدد فقراتها (59) فقرة، وأظهرت النتائج أن جميع الأنماط القيادية حسب نظرية رنسيس ليكرت هي أنماط سائدة ولكن برتب مختلفة، إذ حصل النمط الديمقراطي التشاركي على الرتبة الأولى وبنسبة (46.4%)، تلاه في الرتبة الثانية النمط الأوتقراطي المتشدد بنسبة (28%)، ثم في الرتبة الثالثة النمط الديمقراطي الاستشاري وبنسبة (20.8%)، بينما حصل النمط الاوتقراطي المعتدل على الرتبة الرابعة وبنسبة (4.8%)، كما أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة (α= 0.05) بين المتوسطات الحسابية لتقديرات أفراد عينة الدراسة على محور الأنماط القيادية تبعاً لمتغير الجنس، بينما وُجدت فروق دالة إحصائياً بين المتوسطات الحسابية لتقديرات أفراد عينة الدراسة على محور الأنماط القيادية تبعاً لمتغير سنوات الخبرة على مجالات (الأوتقراطي المتشدد، والديمقراطي الإستشاري، والديمقراطي التشاركي) تعزى لسنوات الخبرة، وكانت للنمط الأوتقراطي المتشدد ولصالح الخبرة 5-10 سنوات، كذلك بينت النتائج وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين المتوسطات الحسابية لتقديرات أفراد عينة الدراسة على محور الأنماط القيادية تبعاً لمتغير المؤهل العلمي، وكانت للنمط الديمقراطي الاستشاري ولصالح البكالوريوس، كذلك أظهرت النتائج أن مستوى الثقة التنظيمية ومستوى الروح المعنوية عند رؤساء الاقسام جاءا بدرجة متوسطة، كذلك بينت النتائج وجود علاقة إيجابية بين الأنماط القيادية السائدة لدى مديري التربية والتعليم في فلسطين وفقاً لنظرية “رنسيس ليكرت” ومتغير الروح المعنوية، والثقة التنظيمية عند رؤساء الأقسام العاملين معهم للنمط الديمقراطي التشاركي، النمط الديمقراطي الاستشاري، النمط الاوتقراطي المعتدل، ما عدا النمط الاوتقراطي المتشدد، إذ تبين وجود علاقة سلبية بينه وبين الروح المعنوية والثقة التنظيمية لدى رؤساء الأقسام العاملين معهم، وفي ضوء هذه النتائج، أوصت الباحثة بضرورة قيام وزارة التربية والتعليم الفلسطينية بتسليط الضوء على موضوع الأنماط القيادية من خلال توضيح فوائد وأسس كل نمط قيادي وتوجيه مديري التربية والتعليم إلى نمط القيادة المناسب الذي يعالج المشكلة من جوانبها كافة، كذلك تعزيز التوجه الديمقراطي، والتقليل من السلوك الأوتقراطي في مديريات التربية والتعليم من خلال تشجيع رؤساء الاقسام على المشاركة في صنع القرار ودعوة مدراء التربية إلى الاندماج مع مرؤوسيهم وإيلاء المزيد من الاهتمام لهم وتشجيعهم ورفع روحهم المعنوية وثقتهم التنظيمية داخل مكان العمل.
The study aimed at finding out the prevailing leadership styles among superintendents in Palestine according to the “Rensis Likert” theory and their relationship to organizational trust and morale of the department heads working with them. The researcher used the descriptive, correlational survey methodology, the study population consisted of (240) department heads. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire consisting of four parts was developed, and it contained (59) items. The finding showed that all leadership styles according to Rensis Likert theory are dominant styles, but of different ranks, among superintendents in Palestine, as the Participative Democratic style ranked first with a percentage of (46.4%). followed in second rank by the Exploitative Authoritative style with a percentage of (28 %). Then the third rank was the Consultative Democratic style with a percentage of (20.8%). while the Benevolent Authoritative style obtained the fourth rank with a percentage of (4.8%). The finding also showed that there were no statistically significant differences at the significance level (α = 0.05) between the domains the estimate of the study sample on the axis of leadership according to the gender variable, while there were statistically significant differences found in the estimates of the subject of the study sample on the axis of leadership styles according to the variable of years of experience in the domains (Exploitative Authoritative style, Participative Democratic style, Consultative Democratic style) which was for the Exploitative Authoritative style, and in favor of 5-10 years of experience. The findings also showed that there were statistically significant differences between the means of the estimates of the subjects of the study sample on the axis of leadership style according in the responses of the sample members attributable to the academic qualification variable, they were for the Consultative Democratic style, and in favor of bachelor’s degree holders. The finding also showed that the level of organizational trust and morale among department heads were at amedium degree. There there was a positive, relationship between the prevailing leadership styles among superintendents in Palestine according to the “Rensis Likert” theory and the morale variable and organizational trust among department heads working with them,due to the participators Participative Democratic style, Consultative Democratic style, Benevolent Authoritative style, expect for the Exploitative Authoritative style, as it was found that there was a negative relationship between it and morale and organizational trust among the department heads working with them. Inlight of these findings, the researcher recommended the need for the Ministry of Education to shed lighton on the issue of leadership styles by clarifying the benefits, and foundations of each leadership style and directing superintendents to the appropriate leadership style that addresses the problem in all its aspects, as well as strengthening the Democratic orientation and reducing of Autocratic behavior in education directorates by encouraging heads of departments to participate in decision-making and inviting superintendents to integrate with their heads of departments, pay more attention to them, encourage them, and raise their morale and organizational confidence within the work.
The study aimed at finding out the prevailing leadership styles among superintendents in Palestine according to the “Rensis Likert” theory and their relationship to organizational trust and morale of the department heads working with them. The researcher used the descriptive, correlational survey methodology, the study population consisted of (240) department heads. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire consisting of four parts was developed, and it contained (59) items. The finding showed that all leadership styles according to Rensis Likert theory are dominant styles, but of different ranks, among superintendents in Palestine, as the Participative Democratic style ranked first with a percentage of (46.4%). followed in second rank by the Exploitative Authoritative style with a percentage of (28 %). Then the third rank was the Consultative Democratic style with a percentage of (20.8%). while the Benevolent Authoritative style obtained the fourth rank with a percentage of (4.8%). The finding also showed that there were no statistically significant differences at the significance level (α = 0.05) between the domains the estimate of the study sample on the axis of leadership according to the gender variable, while there were statistically significant differences found in the estimates of the subject of the study sample on the axis of leadership styles according to the variable of years of experience in the domains (Exploitative Authoritative style, Participative Democratic style, Consultative Democratic style) which was for the Exploitative Authoritative style, and in favor of 5-10 years of experience. The findings also showed that there were statistically significant differences between the means of the estimates of the subjects of the study sample on the axis of leadership style according in the responses of the sample members attributable to the academic qualification variable, they were for the Consultative Democratic style, and in favor of bachelor’s degree holders. The finding also showed that the level of organizational trust and morale among department heads were at amedium degree. There there was a positive, relationship between the prevailing leadership styles among superintendents in Palestine according to the “Rensis Likert” theory and the morale variable and organizational trust among department heads working with them,due to the participators Participative Democratic style, Consultative Democratic style, Benevolent Authoritative style, expect for the Exploitative Authoritative style, as it was found that there was a negative relationship between it and morale and organizational trust among the department heads working with them. Inlight of these findings, the researcher recommended the need for the Ministry of Education to shed lighton on the issue of leadership styles by clarifying the benefits, and foundations of each leadership style and directing superintendents to the appropriate leadership style that addresses the problem in all its aspects, as well as strengthening the Democratic orientation and reducing of Autocratic behavior in education directorates by encouraging heads of departments to participate in decision-making and inviting superintendents to integrate with their heads of departments, pay more attention to them, encourage them, and raise their morale and organizational confidence within the work.