الركن المعنوي في الجريمة الاقتصادية
Date
2024-01-29
Authors
نفين عماد محمد حميدات
Nevin iemad hemidat
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
إن الركن المعنوي في الجرائم الاقتصادية لا يختلف من حيث المبدأ عن الركن المعنوي في الجرائم العادية. إلا أن هذه الجرائم تتمتع بخصوصية من خلال عدم تقيد المشرع بذات الأحكام المقررة في قانون العقوبات، بما معناه خروج المشرع عن القواعد العامة في قانون العقوبات، أو بمعنى أخر إضعاف الركن المعنوي، لذلك فقد افترضت التشريعات الاقتصادية أن يكون الفاعل على علم بطبيعة الفعل الذي أقدم عليه.
وتمثلت أهمية هذه الدراسة في بحثها لخصوصية الركن المعنوي في الجرائم الاقتصادية، وما يترتب على هذه الخصوصية على في الواقعة الإجرامية، وعبء الإثبات فيها، والتي تتطلب توافر القصد الجنائي أو الاكتفاء بالخطأ الجنائي غير المقصود، وكيفية الفصل بين ماهية الخطأين في الجرائم الاقتصادية. لذلك حاولت هذه الدراسة الإجابة على الإشكاليات القانونية المتعلقة بطبيعة الركن المعنوي في الجرائم الاقتصادية في التشريع الجنائي النافذ في فلسطين والدول المقارنة؟ وذلك من خلال تقديم عرض تحليلي وقانوني للركن المعنوي في الجريمة الاقتصادية من خلال فصلين، وهما: الفصل الأول: قيام الركن المعنوي في الجريمة الاقتصادية. والفصل الثاني: خصوصية الركن المعنوي في الجريمة الاقتصادية
وبالمُجمل فقد رأت الباحثة بأن المشرع الفلسطيني لم يتخذ موقفاً موحداً بشأن الركن المعنوي في الجرائم الاقتصادية، وإنما تعامل مع كل جريمة على حدا. أيضاً فإن العديد من القوانين الاقتصادية قد ذكرت العلم دون الإرادة، ولكن هذا الأمر لا يعني قصد هذه القوانين إقصاء الإرادة أو تقليص دورها، لأنها تكون مفترضة بعلم الجاني. ولذلك تعتقد الباحثة بضرورة أن تكون النصوص القانونية المتعلقة بالركن المعنوي في الجرائم الاقتصادية أكثر وضوحاً فيما يخص أحكام هذا الركن، وفقاً لمبدأ شرعية الجرائم والعقوبات.
The moral element in economic crimes does not differ in principle from the moral element in ordinary crimes. However, these crimes are characterized by the fact that the legislator does not adhere to the same provisions stipulated in the Penal Code, which means that the legislator departs from the general rules in the Penal Code, or in other words, the weakening of the moral element. Therefore, economic legislation assumed that the perpetrator was aware of the nature of the act that he committed. on him. The importance of this study was its study of the specificity of the moral element in economic crimes, the consequences of this specificity on the criminal incident, the burden of proof therein, which requires the presence of criminal intent or being satisfied with an unintentional criminal mistake, and how to separate the nature of the two mistakes in economic crimes. Therefore, this study attempted to answer the legal problems related to the nature of the moral element in economic crimes in the criminal legislation in force in Palestine and the comparative countries? This is done by providing an analytical and legal presentation of the moral element in economic crime through two chapters, namely: Chapter One: The establishment of the moral element in economic crime. The second chapter: The specificity of the moral element in economic crime. In general, the researcher saw that the Palestinian legislator did not take a unified position regarding the moral element in economic crimes, but rather dealt with each crime separately. Also, many economic laws have mentioned knowledge but not will, but this does not mean that these laws intend to exclude will or reduce its role, because it is assumed that the offender has knowledge. Therefore, the researcher believes that the legal texts related to the moral element in economic crimes need to be more clear regarding the provisions of this element, in accordance with the principle of the legitimacy of crimes and punishments.
The moral element in economic crimes does not differ in principle from the moral element in ordinary crimes. However, these crimes are characterized by the fact that the legislator does not adhere to the same provisions stipulated in the Penal Code, which means that the legislator departs from the general rules in the Penal Code, or in other words, the weakening of the moral element. Therefore, economic legislation assumed that the perpetrator was aware of the nature of the act that he committed. on him. The importance of this study was its study of the specificity of the moral element in economic crimes, the consequences of this specificity on the criminal incident, the burden of proof therein, which requires the presence of criminal intent or being satisfied with an unintentional criminal mistake, and how to separate the nature of the two mistakes in economic crimes. Therefore, this study attempted to answer the legal problems related to the nature of the moral element in economic crimes in the criminal legislation in force in Palestine and the comparative countries? This is done by providing an analytical and legal presentation of the moral element in economic crime through two chapters, namely: Chapter One: The establishment of the moral element in economic crime. The second chapter: The specificity of the moral element in economic crime. In general, the researcher saw that the Palestinian legislator did not take a unified position regarding the moral element in economic crimes, but rather dealt with each crime separately. Also, many economic laws have mentioned knowledge but not will, but this does not mean that these laws intend to exclude will or reduce its role, because it is assumed that the offender has knowledge. Therefore, the researcher believes that the legal texts related to the moral element in economic crimes need to be more clear regarding the provisions of this element, in accordance with the principle of the legitimacy of crimes and punishments.