اختيارات الشيخ القرضاوي في مسائل الأحوال الشخصية "دراسة فقهية مقارنة"
Date
2022-12-19
Authors
نور أحمد مطيع أبوريا
Noor Ahmad Moteh Abu Raya
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
تتناول هذه الدراسة: "اختيارات الشيخ يوسف القرضاوي في الأحوالِ الشخصية" مقارنة مع المذاهب الفقهيةِ الأربعة، فَتبدأ بنبذةٍ عن حياةِ الشيخ يوسف القرضاوي –رحمه الله-، وذلك ببيانِ اسمه ونسبه، ونشأته، وشيوخه الذين أثّروا في تكوين شخصيته، ومُؤهِلاته العلمية، وتعداد مؤلفاته العلمية والأدبية، وأعمالهِ الرسمية ومجالات نشاطه في خدمة الإسلام، ثُمَّ بيانُ منهجهِ في الفتوى والاجتهاد، والختم بوفاته. ثُمَّ بينت الدراسة معنى الاختيارات الفقهية ومجالها وشروطها.
ثم انتقلت الدراسة إلى بيان اختيارات الشيخ يوسف القرضاوي في أحكام الخِطبة وعقد النكاح، مقارنة بآراءِ المذاهب الفقهية الأربعة، وذلك في كل من: أثر خِطبة المخطوبة، والتصريح بخِطبة المعتدة من وفاة أو طلاق بائن في صحة عقد النكاح، وحكم الخطبة وعقد النكاح أثناء الإحرام، وما يترتب على الرجوع عن الخطبة، وحكم ما قدمه الخاطب من الهدايا في حال الرجوع عن الخطبة، وحكم إجبار الأب ابنته البالغة على الزواج بمن لا ترضاه، وحكم وكالة المرأة في عقد النكاح، وما يُحرِم من الرضاع.
وبينت الدراسة اختيارات الشيخ يوسف القرضاوي في أحكام الطلاق والفرقة، بعد عرض أقوال الفقهاء من المذاهب الفقهية الأربعة في كل من: حكم طلاق السكران، وحكم طلاق الغضبان، وحكم الطلاق المعلق على شرط، وحكم وقوع الطلاق عند الحلف به، ومقدار مدة الإيلاء، وكفارة الفيئة، وحكم الفسخ للعيوب بحق الزوج والزوجة.
ثم انتقلت الدراسة لبيان اختيارات الشيخ يوسف القرضاوي في أحكام الميراث والوصية، وذلك في كل من: حكم التوريث في القتل الخطأ، وحكم التوارث بين غير المسلمين، وميراث الخُنثى (المَشكل)، وميراث أبناء الابن الذين توفي أبوهم في حياة جدهم.
وقد خَلصت الدراسة إلى أن اختيارات الشيخ يوسف القرضاوي قد جاءت عن علم ومعرفة بمقاصد الشرع، معتمداً على الحُجة والدليل، لا على التَّعَصُّبُ المذهبي والتقليد، كما أن اختياراته قائمة على التيسير ورفع الحرج عن الناس.
كما وخرجت الدراسة بعدة توصيات أهمها: متابعة طلاب العلم الشرعي دراسة الاختيارات الفقهية للشيخ يوسف القرضاوي في أبواب الفقه الإسلامي المتبقية، ولا سيّما جانب المعاملات الذي يندرج تحته الاقتصاد الإسلامي والذي للشيخ يوسف القرضاوي باع طويل في بناء لِبناته على أرض الواقع.
This study is about the choices of Sheikh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi in the personal status in comparison to the four religious' school of Islamic jurisprudence. It starts with an overview on the life of Sheikh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi by clarifying his name, origin, youth, the Sheikhs’ who influenced his character-building, his academic qualifications, enumerate his academic and literary works, his official works, fields of activities in serving the Islam, his approach to fatwa and juristic deduction, and lastly his death. Then the study clarifies the meaning of jurisprudential choices its scope and conditions. Then the study shifts to discuss the explanations of the choices of Sheikh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi provisions of engagement and marriage contract, in comparison to the opinions of the four religious school of Islamic jurisprudence, in each of the following topics: the effect of engaged sermon, woman in waiting period in the validity of the marriage contract, the legal ruling on the engagement and the marriage contract during the state of Ihram, the consequences of returning from the sermon, the legal ruling on the gifts given by the suitor in the event of retracting the engagement, the legal ruling on the father forcing his adult daughter to marry someone she does not agree on, the ruling on women's agency in the marriage contract, and from whom is forbidden to breastfeed. The study shows the choices of Sheikh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi provisions of divorce and separation after presenting the sayings of the jurists from the four religious school of Islamic jurisprudence, in each of the following topics: the drunken divorce ruling, the anger divorce ruling, the conditional divorce ruling, the ruling on the occurrence of divorce when swearing by it, the amount of the tenure, the expiation for the family, and the ruling of annulment for defects against the husband and wife. Then the study shifts to explain the choices of Sheikh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi provisions of inheritance and bequest, in each of the following topics: the ruling on inheritance in manslaughter, the rule of inheritance among non-Muslims, the hermaphrodite inheritance, and the inheritance of the children of the son whose father died during the life of their grandfather. The study concludes that the choices of Sheikh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi were based on scientific and knowledgeable purposes of the Sharia, relying on argument and evidence, not on sectarian fanaticism and imitation; his choices are also based on facilitation and removal of embarrassment from people. The study also came out with several recommendations, the most important of which are: students of forensic science continue to study the jurisprudential choices of Sheikh Yusuf al-Qaradawi in the remaining chapters of Islamic jurisprudence, especially the transactional aspect under which the Islamic economy falls under which Sheikh Yusuf al-Qaradawi has a major role in building its building blocks on the ground.
This study is about the choices of Sheikh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi in the personal status in comparison to the four religious' school of Islamic jurisprudence. It starts with an overview on the life of Sheikh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi by clarifying his name, origin, youth, the Sheikhs’ who influenced his character-building, his academic qualifications, enumerate his academic and literary works, his official works, fields of activities in serving the Islam, his approach to fatwa and juristic deduction, and lastly his death. Then the study clarifies the meaning of jurisprudential choices its scope and conditions. Then the study shifts to discuss the explanations of the choices of Sheikh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi provisions of engagement and marriage contract, in comparison to the opinions of the four religious school of Islamic jurisprudence, in each of the following topics: the effect of engaged sermon, woman in waiting period in the validity of the marriage contract, the legal ruling on the engagement and the marriage contract during the state of Ihram, the consequences of returning from the sermon, the legal ruling on the gifts given by the suitor in the event of retracting the engagement, the legal ruling on the father forcing his adult daughter to marry someone she does not agree on, the ruling on women's agency in the marriage contract, and from whom is forbidden to breastfeed. The study shows the choices of Sheikh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi provisions of divorce and separation after presenting the sayings of the jurists from the four religious school of Islamic jurisprudence, in each of the following topics: the drunken divorce ruling, the anger divorce ruling, the conditional divorce ruling, the ruling on the occurrence of divorce when swearing by it, the amount of the tenure, the expiation for the family, and the ruling of annulment for defects against the husband and wife. Then the study shifts to explain the choices of Sheikh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi provisions of inheritance and bequest, in each of the following topics: the ruling on inheritance in manslaughter, the rule of inheritance among non-Muslims, the hermaphrodite inheritance, and the inheritance of the children of the son whose father died during the life of their grandfather. The study concludes that the choices of Sheikh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi were based on scientific and knowledgeable purposes of the Sharia, relying on argument and evidence, not on sectarian fanaticism and imitation; his choices are also based on facilitation and removal of embarrassment from people. The study also came out with several recommendations, the most important of which are: students of forensic science continue to study the jurisprudential choices of Sheikh Yusuf al-Qaradawi in the remaining chapters of Islamic jurisprudence, especially the transactional aspect under which the Islamic economy falls under which Sheikh Yusuf al-Qaradawi has a major role in building its building blocks on the ground.