دعوى منازعات العقود الإدارية في ظل التشريع الفلسطيني
Date
2025-08-27
Authors
محمد معتمد دريس طويل
Mohammed Moatamad Idrees Taweel
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds Univeersity
Abstract
يتناول هذا البحث موضوع منازعات العقود الإدارية في ظل التشريعات الفلسطينية السارية، وهو موضوع تزداد أهميته مع توسّع دور الإدارة العامة في إبرام العقود التي تُسهم في تسيير المرافق العامة وتحقيق مصالح المجتمع. وتبرز المشكلة الأساسية في أنّ هذه العقود تتمتع بطبيعة خاصة تمنح الإدارة امتيازات استثنائية لضمان تنفيذ المصلحة العامة، في مقابل ضرورة حماية حقوق المتعاقدين معها، مما يجعل منازعات العقود الإدارية مجالاً بالغ الحساسية والدقة. وقد ركّز البحث على دراسة الإطار القانوني للعقود الإدارية في فلسطين، وتحليل طبيعة المنازعات الناشئة عنها، وبيان الآليات المتاحة لحلّها سواء عبر الوسائل غير القضائية كالصلح والتحكيم، أو من خلال القضاء الإداري، مع التعرّف إلى حدود اختصاص المحكمة الإدارية في هذا النوع من المنازعات.
تنبع أهمية هذا البحث من كونه يسلّط الضوء على موضوع لم يحظَ بدراسة كافية في الفقه القانوني الفلسطيني، رغم ارتباطه العملي الوثيق بعمل الإدارة العامة ومقدمي الخدمات والمتعاقدين معها. وتبرز أهميته العملية في كونه يقدّم تصورًا شاملًا للعقود الإدارية وكيفية التعامل مع المنازعات المتعلقة بها، بما يساعد القضاة والمحامين والباحثين القانونيين على فهم آليات الرقابة القضائية وحدودها. أما أهميته العلمية فتتمثل في سدّ فجوة معرفية واضحة في المكتبة القانونية الفلسطينية، من خلال تحليل النصوص القانونية والأحكام القضائية ومقارنتها بالتجارب التشريعية العربية، مما يعمّق الفهم النظري لطبيعة هذه العقود.
وقد اعتمد البحث منهجية علمية تقوم على المنهج الوصفي لتحليل ماهية العقود الإدارية وأطرافها وخصائصها، ثم المنهج التحليلي بشقيه الاستقرائي والاستنباطي لدراسة النصوص القانونية الفلسطينية المتعلقة بالمشتريات العامة والأحكام القضائية الصادرة عن المحكمة الإدارية، واستنباط القواعد التي تحكم منازعات العقود. كما استخدم الباحث المنهج المقارن بالعودة إلى التشريعات المصرية والأردنية لتحديد أوجه التشابه والاختلاف، واستثمار التجارب المقارنة في اقتراح تطويرات للتشريع الفلسطيني. واعتمد البحث على مجموعة واسعة من المراجع الفقهية والدراسات الحديثة والأحكام القضائية، إضافة إلى القوانين والقرارات الفلسطينية ذات الصلة.
وتوصل البحث إلى مجموعة من النتائج، أهمها: أنّ التشريع الفلسطيني لا يزال يفتقر إلى قانون خاص وشامل ينظم العقود الإدارية، مما يدفع القضاء إلى استدعاء مبادئ القانون الإداري العام والاجتهاد المقارن، وهو ما يؤدي إلى قدر من عدم الاستقرار في الأحكام. كما بيّنت الدراسة أنّ وسائل حل المنازعات غير القضائية كالتحكيم والصلح ما تزال محدودة الاستخدام بسبب غياب تنظيم قانوني مفصل لها وتردّد الإدارة في اللجوء إليها خشية فقدان امتيازاتها. أما على صعيد القضاء، فقد كشف البحث عن وجود تذبذب في تطبيق الاختصاصات بين القضاء الشامل وقضاء الإلغاء، رغم نص المادة (20) من قانون المحاكم الإدارية على دخول منازعات العقود الإدارية ضمن اختصاص المحكمة الإدارية، وهو ما يبرز الحاجة إلى توحيد النهج القضائي واستقرار القواعد المطبقة.
وبناءً على ذلك، قدّم البحث عدة توصيات، أبرزها: ضرورة إصدار قانون فلسطيني شامل للعقود الإدارية يحدّد تعريفها ومعايير تمييزها والإجراءات الخاصة بإبرامها وتنفيذها وحل منازعاتها؛ تطوير قانون المحاكم الإدارية لضمان وضوح معايير الاختصاص؛ تعزيز ثقافة اللجوء إلى الوسائل البديلة لفض المنازعات؛ وتدريب القضاة وأعضاء الإدارة على خصوصية منازعات العقود الإدارية بما يعزز الثقة والاستقرار القانوني. كما أوصى البحث بضرورة توسيع نطاق الدراسات العلمية في هذا المجال وتشجيع الباحثين على تناول موضوعات تفصيلية تتعلق بنظرية العقد الإداري في فلسطين.
This research addresses the topic of administrative contract disputes under the applicable Palestinian legislation—an issue whose importance has grown with the expanding role of public administration in concluding contracts that contribute to the operation of public facilities and the achievement of societal interests. The central problem lies in the fact that such contracts possess a distinctive nature that grants the administration exceptional privileges to ensure the realization of the public interest, while simultaneously requiring the protection of the rights of contracting parties. This duality makes administrative contract disputes a particularly sensitive and complex field. The research focuses on examining the legal framework governing administrative contracts in Palestine, analyzing the nature of disputes arising from them, and identifying the mechanisms available for resolving such disputes—whether through non-judicial means such as conciliation and arbitration, or through administrative litigation—along with clarifying the jurisdictional boundaries of the administrative courts in handling these disputes. The significance of this research stems from its focus on a topic that has not received sufficient scholarly attention in Palestinian legal literature, despite its direct relevance to the work of public administration, service providers, and contracting parties. Its practical importance lies in offering a comprehensive understanding of administrative contracts and how to address the disputes related to them, thereby assisting judges, lawyers, and legal scholars in understanding the mechanisms and limits of judicial oversight. Scientifically, the research fills a noticeable gap in Palestinian legal scholarship by analyzing legal texts and judicial decisions and comparing them with legislative experiences in other Arab jurisdictions, thereby enriching theoretical understanding of the nature of administrative contracts. The research adopts a scientific methodology that relies on the descriptive approach to analyze the essence, parties, and characteristics of administrative contracts. It then employs the analytical method—both inductive and deductive—to study Palestinian legal texts related to public procurement and judicial decisions issued by the administrative court, in order to extract the principles governing contract disputes. The comparative method is also employed by examining Egyptian and Jordanian legislation to identify points of similarity and divergence and to benefit from comparative experiences in proposing reforms to Palestinian legislation. The research draws on a wide range of scholarly sources, contemporary studies, judicial rulings, and relevant Palestinian laws and regulations. The study reached several conclusions, most notably: Palestinian legislation still lacks a comprehensive and specialized law regulating administrative contracts, which forces the judiciary to resort to general administrative law principles and comparative jurisprudence, resulting in some degree of inconsistency in judicial rulings. The study also showed that non-judicial dispute-resolution mechanisms, such as arbitration and conciliation, remain limited in use due to the absence of detailed legal regulation and the administration’s reluctance to resort to them, fearing the loss of its privileges. Regarding judicial settlement, the research revealed a degree of inconsistency in determining jurisdiction between full jurisdiction courts and annulment courts, despite Article (20) of the Administrative Courts Law explicitly assigning administrative contract disputes to administrative court jurisdiction. This highlights the need for a unified judicial approach and greater stability in the applicable rules. Based on these findings, the research presents several recommendations, including: the necessity of enacting a comprehensive Palestinian law on administrative contracts that defines them, sets their distinguishing criteria, and regulates the procedures of their formation, execution, and dispute resolution; developing the Administrative Courts Law to ensure clarity in jurisdictional standards; promoting the culture of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms; and training judges and administrative personnel on the specific nature of administrative contract disputes to enhance legal certainty and public trust. The research further recommends expanding academic scholarship on this subject and encouraging researchers to explore detailed topics related to the theory of administrative contracts in Palestine.
This research addresses the topic of administrative contract disputes under the applicable Palestinian legislation—an issue whose importance has grown with the expanding role of public administration in concluding contracts that contribute to the operation of public facilities and the achievement of societal interests. The central problem lies in the fact that such contracts possess a distinctive nature that grants the administration exceptional privileges to ensure the realization of the public interest, while simultaneously requiring the protection of the rights of contracting parties. This duality makes administrative contract disputes a particularly sensitive and complex field. The research focuses on examining the legal framework governing administrative contracts in Palestine, analyzing the nature of disputes arising from them, and identifying the mechanisms available for resolving such disputes—whether through non-judicial means such as conciliation and arbitration, or through administrative litigation—along with clarifying the jurisdictional boundaries of the administrative courts in handling these disputes. The significance of this research stems from its focus on a topic that has not received sufficient scholarly attention in Palestinian legal literature, despite its direct relevance to the work of public administration, service providers, and contracting parties. Its practical importance lies in offering a comprehensive understanding of administrative contracts and how to address the disputes related to them, thereby assisting judges, lawyers, and legal scholars in understanding the mechanisms and limits of judicial oversight. Scientifically, the research fills a noticeable gap in Palestinian legal scholarship by analyzing legal texts and judicial decisions and comparing them with legislative experiences in other Arab jurisdictions, thereby enriching theoretical understanding of the nature of administrative contracts. The research adopts a scientific methodology that relies on the descriptive approach to analyze the essence, parties, and characteristics of administrative contracts. It then employs the analytical method—both inductive and deductive—to study Palestinian legal texts related to public procurement and judicial decisions issued by the administrative court, in order to extract the principles governing contract disputes. The comparative method is also employed by examining Egyptian and Jordanian legislation to identify points of similarity and divergence and to benefit from comparative experiences in proposing reforms to Palestinian legislation. The research draws on a wide range of scholarly sources, contemporary studies, judicial rulings, and relevant Palestinian laws and regulations. The study reached several conclusions, most notably: Palestinian legislation still lacks a comprehensive and specialized law regulating administrative contracts, which forces the judiciary to resort to general administrative law principles and comparative jurisprudence, resulting in some degree of inconsistency in judicial rulings. The study also showed that non-judicial dispute-resolution mechanisms, such as arbitration and conciliation, remain limited in use due to the absence of detailed legal regulation and the administration’s reluctance to resort to them, fearing the loss of its privileges. Regarding judicial settlement, the research revealed a degree of inconsistency in determining jurisdiction between full jurisdiction courts and annulment courts, despite Article (20) of the Administrative Courts Law explicitly assigning administrative contract disputes to administrative court jurisdiction. This highlights the need for a unified judicial approach and greater stability in the applicable rules. Based on these findings, the research presents several recommendations, including: the necessity of enacting a comprehensive Palestinian law on administrative contracts that defines them, sets their distinguishing criteria, and regulates the procedures of their formation, execution, and dispute resolution; developing the Administrative Courts Law to ensure clarity in jurisdictional standards; promoting the culture of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms; and training judges and administrative personnel on the specific nature of administrative contract disputes to enhance legal certainty and public trust. The research further recommends expanding academic scholarship on this subject and encouraging researchers to explore detailed topics related to the theory of administrative contracts in Palestine.