ازدواجية أدوار النيابة العامة في تمثيل الحق العام وتمثيل الدولة
Date
2025-05-18
Authors
علي احمد علي الشريف
Ali Alsharif
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
استهدف الباحث من خلال دراسته التطرق إلى تناول أثر ازدواجية اختصاصات النيابة العامة والمتمثلة في دورها باعتبارها ممثل للحق العام في الدعاوى الجزائية وما اسند إليها من اختصاص في بتمثيل الدولة في دعاوى الدولة، وفي سبيل ذلك استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وقد قسم الدراسة إلى فصلين.
تم تخصيص الفصل الأول لتناول مظاهر الازدواجية وذلك من خلال تناول اختصاصات النيابة العامة المختلفة، وكذا السند القانوني الذي تستمد منه النيابة العامة اختصاصاها وتبيان حدود دورها في تمثيل الدولة امام القضاء من خلال طرح حدود اختصاصها كممثل للدولة.
وافرد الفصل الثاني لتناول آثار الدور المزدوج للنيابة العامة وما يترتب عليه من تبعية النيابة العامة وتأثيره علي حيدها واستقلالها من ناحية، ومن ناحية أخرى تأثيره على سير مرفق القضاء، وتناول إيجابيات وسلبيات هذا الدور المزدوج.
ومن خلال الدراسة توصل الباحث إلى عدد من النتائج تمثل أهمها بأن هنالك تضارب في اسناد مهمة تمثيل الدولة في المنازعات المدنية للنيابة العامة، سيما اذا كانت الدعوى المدنية المرفوعة كانت للتعويض عن الضرر الناشئ عن جرم مرتكب من قبل مرفق عام أو موظف عام تابع لجهة الدولة، أو لأي جهة أخرى تمثلها النيابة بموجب القانون.
ومن ناحية أخرى فان تمثيل النيابة للدولة والتي تعتبر من شعبة قضائية، لجهة تنفيذية فيما يرفع منها وعليها من دعاوى مدنية، فان ذلك يتعارض ومبدأ الفصل بين السلطات، بل يعزز تداخلها.
وكانت اهم التوصيات التي خلص لها الباحث من خلال بحثه الى أهمية اسناد مهمة تمثيل الدولة إلى جهة مستقلة تابعة للسلطة التنفيذية تختص بتمثيل الدولة في المنازعات المدنية امام القضاء المدني فيما يرفع منها وعليها من دعاوى اسوة بالتشريعات النظيرة في النظامين القضائيين المصري والأردني.
الكلمات المفتاحية: النيابة العامة، الحق العام ، الدولة.
The researcher aimed through this study to address the impact of the dual competencies of the Public Prosecution, represented by its role as the guardian of public rights in criminal proceedings, and its assigned competence to represent the State in civil lawsuits. To achieve this objective, the researcher employed the descriptive–analytical method and divided the study into two chapters. The first chapter was dedicated to examining the manifestations of this duality by discussing the various functions of the Public Prosecution and the legal basis from which it derives its powers. It also clarified the scope of its role in representing the State before the judiciary by outlining the limits of its competence as the State’s representative. The second chapter explored the consequences of the Public Prosecution’s dual role and its implications for its subordination, impartiality, and independence on one hand, and its effect on the functioning of the judicial system on the other. This chapter also analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of this dual role. Through the study, the researcher reached several conclusions, the most important of which is that there exists a conflict in assigning the task of representing the State in civil disputes to the Public Prosecution—particularly when the civil action concerns compensation for harm resulting from an offense committed by a public institution or a government employee, or by any other entity represented by the Prosecution under the law. Moreover, the representation of the executive branch by the Public Prosecution—being a judicial body—in civil cases filed by or against the State contradicts the principle of separation of powers and instead reinforces their overlap. Among the key recommendations of the study was the importance of assigning the responsibility of representing the State to an independent body affiliated with the executive authority, specialized in representing the State in civil disputes before civil courts—similar to the corresponding arrangements in the Egyptian and Jordanian legal systems.
The researcher aimed through this study to address the impact of the dual competencies of the Public Prosecution, represented by its role as the guardian of public rights in criminal proceedings, and its assigned competence to represent the State in civil lawsuits. To achieve this objective, the researcher employed the descriptive–analytical method and divided the study into two chapters. The first chapter was dedicated to examining the manifestations of this duality by discussing the various functions of the Public Prosecution and the legal basis from which it derives its powers. It also clarified the scope of its role in representing the State before the judiciary by outlining the limits of its competence as the State’s representative. The second chapter explored the consequences of the Public Prosecution’s dual role and its implications for its subordination, impartiality, and independence on one hand, and its effect on the functioning of the judicial system on the other. This chapter also analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of this dual role. Through the study, the researcher reached several conclusions, the most important of which is that there exists a conflict in assigning the task of representing the State in civil disputes to the Public Prosecution—particularly when the civil action concerns compensation for harm resulting from an offense committed by a public institution or a government employee, or by any other entity represented by the Prosecution under the law. Moreover, the representation of the executive branch by the Public Prosecution—being a judicial body—in civil cases filed by or against the State contradicts the principle of separation of powers and instead reinforces their overlap. Among the key recommendations of the study was the importance of assigning the responsibility of representing the State to an independent body affiliated with the executive authority, specialized in representing the State in civil disputes before civil courts—similar to the corresponding arrangements in the Egyptian and Jordanian legal systems.
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Citation
الشريف، علي احمد. (2025). ازدواجية أدوار النيابة العامة في تمثيل الحق العام وتمثيل الدولة [رسالة ماجستير غير منشورة]. جامعة القدس.