Community Mental Health

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anxiety and depression among orphaned childern in gaza strip
(Al-Quds University, 2016-04-04) Ahmad Own Al Sawaf; احمد عون السواف
Compliance of Diabetic Patients with Treatment Regimen - Gaza Governorates
(Al-Quds University, 2016-08-18) Fadi Wael Nemer Al-Skafi; فادي وائل نمر السكافي
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most important health problems. Its control is still a challenge worldwide. Control of blood sugar can reduce diabetes morbidity and mortality, so compliance with anti-diabetic medications and life style modifications play important roles for controlling diabetes. The study aimed to assess the compliance with treatment regimen among registered type 2 diabetic patients (T2DP) attended at primary health care (PHC) centers in Gaza governorates. A 375 T2DP, aged between 18 and 78 years, were selected from governmental and UNRWA PHC centers in Gaza Strip by using a multistage, stratified random sampling technique. A pretested, structured interview questionnaires and case study questions were developed. Variables that were collected include; socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge about diabetes and compliance, compliance to treatment regimen, and possible barriers for compliance to treatment regimen. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to illustrate the percentages and association between the selected study variables. Out of the 375 patients 190 were females (50.7%), 35.7% were aged 51- 60 years old. The mean averages of patients' knowledge about diabetes and compliance was 74%, and the compliance with treatment regimen was 59%. Overall compliance rate was relatively low that was (46.4%), and non-compliance rate was (53.6%). Furthermore, compliance with medications, diet, were relatively moderate (75.7%, and 68.3% respectively), and the best compliance in follow up visits (90.7%). However, the non-compliance rate in practicing exercise, smoking cessation, foot care were (59.5%, 41.2%, 49.3% respectively), and the least compliance in eye care was 36.5%. Also, the mean averages of barriers to compliance with treatment regimen was (36.4%), these barriers mostly related to diet, exercise, and following treatment regimen with weighted mean 54.51%, 54.72%, and 49.17% respectively. A statistical relationship was found between compliance and knowledge with educational level (P <0.05) for both, also a significant association was found between compliance with patients distributed according gender, centers (UNRWA and Government), and working status (p <0.05**). Moreover, a statistical correlation was found between overall compliance with knowledge, and fast blood sugar (correlation 0.209), and (P=0.018). There is no statistical association between FBS with overall compliance, compliance subdomains, age, gender, education, working status, centers, and diabetes duration. In conclusion: Compliance among T2DP was relatively low, accordingly, strategies and protocols should be developed aiming at improving compliance level
Depression,Emotional intelligence, and social intelligence among Battered women in Gaza Strip
(Al-Quds University, 2020-06-06) Maysoon Ahmad Khader Shaltoot; ميسون أحمد خضر شلتوت
This study aimed at identifying the nature of the relationship between social intelligence, emotional intelligence and depression among battered women across the governorates of Gaza. The sample targeted 385 women exposed to violence from the governorate of Gaza who frequently visit CBOs, and some governmental institutions. The researcher adopted analytical descriptive approach through which the social intelligence scale of (Al-Taye et al., 2009), emotional intelligence scale of (Munich & Ali, 2011), Beck Depression scale, personal information questionnaire prepared by the researcher were used. The study revealed the following results: 1. The levels of social intelligence among battered women across the governorates of Gaza are considered high according to the study, as most of the sample, at 69.6%, had a high level of social intelligence. 2. The levels of emotional intelligence among battered women across the governorates of Gaza are considered high according to the study, as most of the sample, at 65.7%, had a high level of emotional intelligence. 3. The levels of depression are considered severe as 35.3% of the study sample suffer from severe depression. 4. There is not a significant statistical relationship at α = 0.05 between social intelligence, and depression among bettered women in the governorates of Gaza. 5. There is an inverse significant statistical relationship at α = 0.05 between emotional intelligence and depression among bettered women in the governorates of Gaza. 6. There is a positive significant statistical relationship at level α = 0.05 between social intelligence and emotional intelligence among battered women in the governorates of Gaza. 7. There were statistical significant differences in the average emotional intelligence of battered women in Gaza governorates due to the following variables (marital status, educational level, economic level, source of violence, frequency of violence, forms of violence), while there were no significant statistical differences in average Emotional intelligence among battered women in Gaza governorates which is attributed to: (1) period of violence, and exposure to violence variables, (2) differences in emotional intelligence in the following variables (marital status, educational level, economic level, source of violence, frequency of violence, forms of violence) were among: 2.1) married and unmarried women in favor of unmarried women, and 2.2) women with a university educational level and women with preparatory and secondary educational level, 2.3) women with average and low economical levels in favor to women with average economical level, 2.4)Women whose source of violence comes from the brother and women whose source of violence comes from different sources in favor of women with source of violence from the brother, 2.5) Women who experience violence daily and those who are subject to violence several times a week in favor to women who are subject to violence several times per week, 2.6) Women who are exposed to psychological violence and those who are exposed to different forms of violence, in favor to women who are exposed to psychological forms of violence. 8. While there were no significant statistical differences in the average depression among battered women in the governorates of Gaza due to the following variables (marital status, educational level, economic level, period of violence, exposure to violence), there were significant statistical differences in the average depression of battered women in the governorates of Gaza, attributed to (source of violence, frequency of violence, forms of violence) among women who are: 9.1) subject to ك violence from the husband and those who are subject to violence from the brother and others, in favor to women who are subject to violence from the husband. 9.2) Women who experience violence daily and several times a week on the one hand and between women who experience violence multiple times a month and less than that on the other hand, in favor of women who are subject to violence daily and several times a week. (9.2) Women who are subject to psychological and economic violence at one hand, and who are subject to physical, verbal, and to all or more forms of violence on the other hand, in favor of women who are subject to physical, verbal, and to all or more forms of violence. 9. Depression could be predicted through Emotional intelligence. 10. Depression couldn’t be predicted through social intelligence, among battered women in Gaza governorates. In light of the above results, the researcher recommends that it’s necessary to identify counselling programs to reduce the severity of depression among abused women, expanding the points of services for abused women by increasing the number of institutions sponsoring this group of society, and providing them with a safe place in addition to the need to provide psychological counselling programs through the phone, which will contribute to providing services to marginalized violenced women in the community while they are in their homes. Moreover, it’s recommended to develop abilities and skills of violenced women in aspects related to how to deal with family problems and ways to face psychological stress within the family. It also recommended introducing some educational curriculum programs for males and females students about the family and the Sharia foundations upon which they are built, especially at the secondary and university levels, which will contribute to achieving the psychological integrity of the family. Likewise, it’s necessary to activate the media and visual media in particular, by allocating programs directed to the Palestinian family on a daily or weekly basis, the aim of which is to enhance social and psychological security for all family members, provided by a group of social and psychological experts, religious scholars and judges. The researcher also recommends working to adopt constitutional laws that stipulate penalties for anyone who engages in violence and laws to support and advocate for women's rights. Key words: Depression, Emotional intillegence, Social intelligence, Violenced women
Effect of Group Play Therapy on Reducing Anxiety among Palestinian Children with Cancer
(Al-Quds University, 2020-06-13) Khaled Yousef Abdalghani Melad; خالد يوسف عبدالغني ميلاد
This study aimed to investigate the effect of group play therapy program in reducing anxiety among Palestinian children with cancer. According to the purpose of the study, the researcher implemented group play therapy program based on cognitive behavioral theory (Coping Cat Program) with a group of 10 children with cancer aged 9-12 years in Gaza strip, suffering from anxiety, which is a significant psychological sequel of cancer. The sampling process was convenient in which 20 children diagnosed with cancer and have anxiety were selected and randomly assigned into intervention and control group (10 children in each group). The intervention group received 12 group play therapy session twice a week and were followed up after 1 month. The analysis used to measure the effectiveness was through the paired samples t- test to evaluate the difference between the mean of pre and post levels of anxiety among children in the intervention group. Results show that there is a significant difference between the mean of pre and post levels of anxiety, where the mean is reduced from 20.60 scores in the pre level of anxiety to 12.50 scores in the post level of anxiety, with an effect size by using the Cohen's d=10.97, which indicates a very large effect of the intervention. Furthermore, there is a significant difference between the mean of pre and follow up levels of anxiety at 0.05 level of significance, where the mean is reduced from 20.60 scores in the pre level of anxiety to 12.50 scores in the follow up level of anxiety, and the effect size by using the Cohen's d=6.787, indicates a very large effect of the intervention.
Impact of parenting styles on emotional and behavioral problems of preschool children in Gaza governorates.
(Al-Quds University, 2011-08-02) Hani Mohammed Al Hanafi; هاني محمد الحنفي
The aim of this study is to investigate the Parenting Styles (PS) and its relations to emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children. Descriptive analytical type of study has been adopted to explore parenting styles (PS) used in the five governorates of Gaza Strip, with 91% Responding Rate, of total preschool children, N=24911, were registered in 251 Kinder Garten (KGs) in Gaza Strip, among the total of 361 preschool children’s parents succeeded to complete two questionnaires, Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) which measure the parenting style used by the parent who competed the questionnaires. The second is the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires (SDQ) which measure the five areas representing emotional and behavioral problems that have been impacted by (PS). The study outcomes indicated that: highest mean scores goes for authoritative parenting followed by permissive and authoritarian. Children gender does not have relation with emotional and behavioral problems of the pre school children as reported by parents. Parents reported both emotional and behavioral problems, hyperactivity, and conduct problems of the children more frequently among those who have family members "1-3" but family number did not have a significant relation with the type of parenting style practiced by parents. Middle area has significant relation with emotional, peer relation, conduct, and with prosocial, Family income doesn’t show significant relation with emotional and behavioral problems. Authoritative style was found to be of significant value, when tested against conduct and peer relation problems. Secondary education level which represents(42.7%) of the study sample, has got significant relation with prosocial behavior, and basic level (13.0%) has a significant relation with conduct problems. But basic level has got a significant relation with authoritarian style.Parents age has no significant relation with preschoolers behavioral problems. Un expectedly, Family income doesn’t show any significant impact on emotional and behavioral items included in SDQ, according to the study.The study, by the end, has found correlation between authoritative style and both: peer relations problems and conduct problems of the preschoolers and with socio-demographic variables. Table of content
The impact of traumatic experiences resulting from the war on Gaza on self-esteem and resilience among university students
(Al-Quds University, 2012-11-07) Said Mohammed Abu Sultan; سعيد محمد أبو سلطان
This study aims to examine the impact of traumatic experiences resulting from the war on Gaza on self-esteem and resilience among university students, also to explore the effect of socio-economic and demographic characteristics at the level and severity of trauma, resilience and self-esteem of the university students. Cross sectional descriptive analytic study was applied. The sample consisted of 399 (167 males, 232 females) students enrolled at four universities in Gaza-strip ; Islamic university, Al- Azhar university, Al-Aqsa university and Al-Quds Open university. Four instruments are used in the study , The Gaza Traumatic Events Checklist for war on Gaza, Connor- Davidson Resilience Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory STAI, and Demographic Information Sheet. The results showed that the total mean of traumatic experience was 4.72, and there was relation between traumatic events and sex of the students in favor of males, but there weren't any differences between traumatic events and name of the university, type of residence, and the family income. The mean of total resilience was 64.54 and the means of its subscales as follows: personal competence high standards and tenacity 20.99 ; trust in one's instincts , tolerance of negative affect and strengthening effects 15.32 ; positive acceptance of change, and secure relationships 13.18 ; control 7.78 ; spiritual 7.27 . Male students showed more resilience than females especially in the trust in their instincts and employee students were more resilient than other (Open Al-Quds students). Refugees students had more resilience than those who lived in villages or cities and high monthly income students were more resilient than low socio-economic students. The mean of anxiety state and trait nearly the same (46.62 - 44.90), and the results indicate that both the state and trait anxiety were moderate for university students. Males and females students had the same level of both types of anxiety state and trait. No effects for name of the university, type of residence, and the family income of the students at the level of state or trait anxiety. The study found correlation between traumatic events and resilience subscales, correlation between anxiety state and total traumatic events and no correlation between anxiety trait and total traumatic events, and negative significant correlation between anxiety state and trait with total resilience and its subscales, which mean that increase of total resilience and its subscales lead to decrease in anxiety state and trait and viseversa. Finally recommendations of the findings such as providing therapeutic intervention program such as crisis intervention for students who was affected directly from Israeli violence, or those who are at risk. and generation counseling department in every university and the staff mission is to give lectures that talk about the psychological problems associated with the trauma. as well as suggestions for further research are discussed.
Parenting Styles and Fear among Children in Gaza Strip Governorates
(Al-Quds University, 2010-10-16) Tariq Said Qrenawi; طارق سعيد محمد قريناوي
This study'' Parenting Styles and Fear among Children in Gaza Strip Governorates'' aimed to investigate the parenting styles and its relation with children fears among a sample of school aged children in Gaza governorates. The study sample consisted of 380 children (183 boys and 197 girls) aged between 6 and 12 years old and their parents (180 fathers and 200 mothers). The researcher adopted the descriptive analytical design to represent the entire sample; where the simple random sample was generated according to the proportional ratio from the targeted population. The researcher used a modified versions of FSSC-R for fears among the children and their Parents; and the Parenting styles inventory for the styles of parenting. The results showed that the children reported that their fears were at the top for fire-getting burned by 87.8% and their parents reported that their children were of most fear from the same item by 91.7%. The children reported fears (86.2%) for falling from high places, while their parents reported that their children fear of "being hit by a car or truck" by a percentage of 91. Earthquake reported by children as a third fearful situation (85.2%), while "getting a shock from electricity" was classified as the third fearful situation as reported by the children parents (90.6%). Also the results show significant differences among children fears (children and parents) according to sex toward females (girls and mothers). The highest parenting style used by parents was dismissing parent (permissive) with 70.8% followed by disapproving parent (authoritarian) 67.3%, then Laissez-faire parent (uninvolved) 65.3% and the lowest one was emotion-coaching parent (authoritative) 56.6%. There were no significant differences among the parenting styles [dismissing, disapproving, Laissez-faire and emotion-coaching parenting styles] according to sex. There were no significant differences between the means of the parenting styles [Dismissing parent, Disapproving parent, Laissez-faire parent and Emotion-coaching parenting] according to children fears levels as reported by either children or the parents.
Physicians’ Compliance with the Palestinian Essential Drug List in Primary Health Care in Gaza Strip
(Al-Quds University, 2010-10-10) Rasha Mohamed Fattouh; رشا محمد فتوح
The presence of Essential Drugs List is considered very important component in any national drug policy, and its implementation helps in rationalization of drug use. The Palestinian EDL, was developed on March 1st 2000, and since then, there wasn’t any evaluation for its implementation and use, which is widely considered the most important step after its development. This study aims to evaluate the compliance of the Gaza Strip physicians with the Palestinian EDL in the governmental PHC clinics, and assesses the physician knowledge, attitudes, and prescribing practices regarding the essential drugs. The study was conducted in all the governmental PHC clinics in the Gaza Strip. A descriptive cross sectional design using triangulation of data was utilized. The sample included all the PHC physicians who were working in the governmental PHC clinics in the five governorates of Gaza Strip, who completed self administered questionnaire. Additionally, a retrospective multistage sample consists of 1656 prescriptions, 36 prescriptions from each of the 46 clinics were taken and examined in reference to the study indicators. The response rate was 87.68% and the study showed that, only 2.8% of the respondents were involved in the preparation of the EDL, 34.4% of the respondents attended training courses on EDL, 67.4% of the respondents reported currently using the EDL, and 51.2% of the respondents faced many problems in using the EDL. More importantly, the study showed that, the average number of drugs prescribed per each prescription was 1.92; the percentage of drugs prescribed from the EDL was 97.85 %, the percentage of drugs prescribed by generic names was 5.47%, the availability of a copy of PNF in the surveyed clinics was 28.3%, and the availability of key drugs was 82.6%. The study concluded that, there are a number of problems regarding the physicians compliance with the EDL, and considering the study results, the researcher provided some recommendations such as, provision of training, strengthening monitoring, evaluation and follow up, updating of the first EDL and promoting the lines of communications between policy makers and physicians.
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Disorder among Children Victims of Burns in Gaza Governorates: Comparative Study
(Al-Quds University, 2022-01-05) Mohammed Abed Abu Mughaiseeb; محمد عبد ابو مغيصيب
Burn injury in children is a traumatic experience to them and to their families. The aim of the study is to examine the prevalence post traumatic disorder and depression in children burns victims compared to a control group in Gaza Strip governorates, the population consisted of total 67 children with burn who were referred to two rehabilitation clinics for MSF in Gaza Strip and 126 control cases. From the total sample, 37 of children with burn were boys (55%) and 30 were girls (45 %), while 63 of control group were boys (51%) and 62 were girls (49%). The age ranged from 3- 14 years with a mean age of 5 years. Results: The study showed that the most common cause of burn was hot fluids- hot water, hot tea, and hot oil, while the least common cause was burn contacts with plastic mateiral, according to degrees of burn, 9 % had first degree burn, 76.1 % had second degree, and 9 % had second and third degree, and 6 % had third degree. The most affected body areas were lower extremities (37 %), trucks and neck (25 %), upper extremities (25 %), face and neck (6 %) each. For psychopathology of burn children, the most common post-traumatic stress symptoms reported by children 7 years and above were: unable to recall the traumatic events of burn events 61%, upset by some things which reminded him/her of burn events 56 % and avoiding things or situations which remind him of events 56 %. For post-traumatic stress disorder, 7% of children reported no symptoms, 27% reported one cluster of symptoms, 33% reported partial, and 33% reported full criteria of PTSD. For preschool age children 13.5% reported no PTSD, 27 % reported one cluster of symptoms, 36.5 % reported partial criteria (2 cluster symptoms), and 23% reported full criteria of PTSD. In comparing depression between children with burn and control group, the most common depression symptoms rated by mothers of burned children aged 3-6 years injured were: 96% needs support in activities, 96% feeling rejected,96% needs reassurance, 92% anxious and worried and ,92% moody , grouchy and irritable. Depression symptoms in those 7 years and above 47% do not have lot of energy, 35% do not look forward, 29% do not like to go out and 29% feel like running away. This study showed clearly a marked load of psychological symptoms in children subjected to burn trauma (Anxiety, Depression and PTSD) compared to normal control. الحروق في الاطفال هي اصابة خطرة لهم ولعائلتهم , والغرض من هده الدراسة هو لفحص الاعراض ما بعد الصدمة وانتشارها وكدلك اعراض الاكتئاب في هؤلاء الاطفال ضحايا الحروق مقارنة مع عينة ضابطة في محافظات قطاع غزة. العينة التي تم دراستها تتكون من 67 طفل لديهم حروق تم متابعتهم في عيادتي تأهيل الحروق التابعة لأطباء بلا حدود في قطاع غزة, وكذلك 126 عينة ضابطة. وكانت النتيجة ان 37 من الاطفال ضحايا الحروق كانوا ذكورا اي بنسبة 19.2 % و 30 كانوا اناث اي 15.5%. وان 64 من العينة الضابطة كانوا ذكورا (33.3 %) و 62 كانوا اناث (32.1%) و كانت الاعمار بين 3-14 سنة بمتوسط 5 متوسط سنة. بينت الدراسة ان معظم حالات الحرق عند الاطفال كانت نتيجة السوائل الساخنة مثل الشاي الساخن، والزيوت الساخنة، واقل مسبب للحرق هو المواد البلاستيكية. اما بالنسبة لدرجات الحرق فكان 9 % من الدرجة الاولى و 76 % من الدرجة الثانية و 9 % درجة ثانية وثالثة و 6 % من الدرجة الثالثة. وان اكثر الاماكن في الجسم اصابة بالحرق الاطراف السفلى 37 % و الجسم العلوي 25 % , واليدين 25 % والوجه والرقبة 6% لكل منهما. اما بخصوص الاعراض النفسية في الاطفال ضحايا الحروق, فالأكثر انتشارا هي اعراض ما بعد الصدمة في الأطفال 7 سنوات واكثر, حيث 61.1% كانوا غير قادرين على تدكر الحادث بالضبط و 55.6% كانوا يعانون من بعض الاعراض التي تذكرهم بالحادث و 55.6% كانوا يتجنبوا الاشياء والمواقع التي تذكرهم بحادث الحرق. اما بخصوص متلازمة ما بعد الصدمة فهناك 6.7% من الاطفال ليس لديهم اعراض و 26.7 % كانوا يعانون من مجموعة من الاعراض و 33.3% كان لديهم اعراض ما بعد الصدمة ولكن لم تصل الى درجة المعايير الكاملة لتشخيص مرض ما بعد الصدمة,اما الاطفال الدين كانوا يعانون من المعايير الكاملة لما بعد الصدمة فشكلوا 33.3%. اما بخصوص الاطفال ما قبل المدرسة اي من 3-6 سنوات , 13.5% ليس لديهم اعراض ما بعد الصدمة و .26.9% كان لديهم بعض الاعراض و 36.5% م كان لديهم اعراض غير مكتملة المعايير التشخيصية و 23.1% كان لديه كامل المعايير لمرض ما بعد الصدمة. اما في ما يخص الاكتئاب في الاطفال المصابين بالحرق مقارنة مع العينة الضابطة, فان اكثر الاعراض شيوعا للاكتئاب حسب ما تم دكره من قبل الامهات للأطفال من 3-6 سنوات فكانت: (يحتاج الطفل الى المساندة في نشاطاته, يشعر انه منبوذ وغير محبوب , يحتاج الى تطمين وتهدئة, قلق مطرب, وسريع الغضب ومتقلب المزاج). اما الاكتئاب في الاطفال دوي 7 سنوات واكثر ف 47.1% يعانوا من الكسل وقلة الطاقة, و 35.3% ليس لديهم نظرة مستقبلية , 29.4% يحب العزلة ولا يريد الخروج, 29.4 % لديهم احساس بالهرب. وكان متوسط نتائج الاعرض الاكتئابية في الاطفال المصابين بالحرق 70 ( الانحراف المعياري = 8.8), اما العينة الضابطة فكان المتوسط 38.74 ( (الانحراف المعياري = 17.7) و هدا يدل ان هناك فرق مهم جدا في انتشار الاكتئاب في اطفال ضحايا الحرق والعينة الضابطة ( درجة الاهمية t=12.01 p=0.001)). وهده الدراسة تثبت بشكل واضح ان الاعراض النفسية في الاطفال الدين تعرضوا الى اصابة الحروق ( الاكتئاب , القلق , واعراض ما بعد الاصابة) كثيرة وحاسمة مقارنة بالأطفال من العينة الضابطة. و هد الدراسة تعطينا معلومات مهمه عن مدى انتشار الاعراض النفسية في الاطفال ضحايا الحروق في قطاع غزة والدين تم الكشف عليهم في عيادات اطباء بلا حدود . وهدا ينسجم مع الدراسات التي اجريت في هدا المجال وتؤكد ان الاعراض النفسية المرضية هي في الحقيقة عالية في اطفالنا الاعزاء ضحايا اصابات الحروق, مما يستوجب على القائمين في المراكز الصحية التيقظ والكشف عنها, اضافة الى الاصابة العضوية وهذا يحسن عملية التاهيل والشفاء و جودة الحياة لضحايا الحرق. الحروق في الاطفال هي اصابة خطرة لهم ولعائلتهم , والغرض من هده الدراسة هو لفحص الاعراض ما بعد الصدمة وانتشارها وكدلك اعراض الاكتئاب في هؤلاء الاطفال ضحايا الحروق مقارنة مع عينة ضابطة في محافظات قطاع غزة. العينة التي تم دراستها تتكون من 67 طفل لديهم حروق تم متابعتهم في عيادتي تأهيل الحروق التابعة لأطباء بلا حدود في قطاع غزة, وكذلك 126 عينة ضابطة. وكانت النتيجة ان 37 من الاطفال ضحايا الحروق كانوا ذكورا اي بنسبة 19.2 % و 30 كانوا اناث اي 15.5%. وان 64 من العينة الضابطة كانوا ذكورا (33.3 %) و 62 كانوا اناث (32.1%) و كانت الاعمار بين 3-14 سنة بمتوسط 5 متوسط سنة. بينت الدراسة ان معظم حالات الحرق عند الاطفال كانت نتيجة السوائل الساخنة مثل الشاي الساخن، والزيوت الساخنة، واقل مسبب للحرق هو المواد البلاستيكية. اما بالنسبة لدرجات الحرق فكان 9 % من الدرجة الاولى و 76 % من الدرجة الثانية و 9 % درجة ثانية وثالثة و 6 % من الدرجة الثالثة. وان اكثر الاماكن في الجسم اصابة بالحرق الاطراف السفلى 37 % و الجسم العلوي 25 % , واليدين 25 % والوجه والرقبة 6% لكل منهما. اما بخصوص الاعراض النفسية في الاطفال ضحايا الحروق, فالأكثر انتشارا هي اعراض ما بعد الصدمة في الأطفال 7 سنوات واكثر, حيث 61.1% كانوا غير قادرين على تدكر الحادث بالضبط و 55.6% كانوا يعانون من بعض الاعراض التي تذكرهم بالحادث و 55.6% كانوا يتجنبوا الاشياء والمواقع التي تذكرهم بحادث الحرق. اما بخصوص متلازمة ما بعد الصدمة فهناك 6.7% من الاطفال ليس لديهم اعراض و 26.7 % كانوا يعانون من مجموعة من الاعراض و 33.3% كان لديهم اعراض ما بعد الصدمة ولكن لم تصل الى درجة المعايير الكاملة لتشخيص مرض ما بعد الصدمة,اما الاطفال الدين كانوا يعانون من المعايير الكاملة لما بعد الصدمة فشكلوا 33.3%. اما بخصوص الاطفال ما قبل المدرسة اي من 3-6 سنوات , 13.5% ليس لديهم اعراض ما بعد الصدمة و .26.9% كان لديهم بعض الاعراض و 36.5% م كان لديهم اعراض غير مكتملة المعايير التشخيصية و 23.1% كان لديه كامل المعايير لمرض ما بعد الصدمة. اما في ما يخص الاكتئاب في الاطفال المصابين بالحرق مقارنة مع العينة الضابطة, فان اكثر الاعراض شيوعا للاكتئاب حسب ما تم دكره من قبل الامهات للأطفال من 3-6 سنوات فكانت: (يحتاج الطفل الى المساندة في نشاطاته, يشعر انه منبوذ وغير محبوب , يحتاج الى تطمين وتهدئة, قلق مطرب, وسريع الغضب ومتقلب المزاج). اما الاكتئاب في الاطفال دوي 7 سنوات واكثر ف 47.1% يعانوا من الكسل وقلة الطاقة, و 35.3% ليس لديهم نظرة مستقبلية , 29.4% يحب العزلة ولا يريد الخروج, 29.4 % لديهم احساس بالهرب. وكان متوسط نتائج الاعرض الاكتئابية في الاطفال المصابين بالحرق 70 ( الانحراف المعياري = 8.8), اما العينة الضابطة فكان المتوسط 38.74 ( (الانحراف المعياري = 17.7) و هدا يدل ان هناك فرق مهم جدا في انتشار الاكتئاب في اطفال ضحايا الحرق والعينة الضابطة ( درجة الاهمية t=12.01 p=0.001)). وهده الدراسة تثبت بشكل واضح ان الاعراض النفسية في الاطفال الدين تعرضوا الى اصابة الحروق ( الاكتئاب , القلق , واعراض ما بعد الاصابة) كثيرة وحاسمة مقارنة بالأطفال من العينة الضابطة. و هد الدراسة تعطينا معلومات مهمه عن مدى انتشار الاعراض النفسية في الاطفال ضحايا الحروق في قطاع غزة والدين تم الكشف عليهم في عيادات اطباء بلا حدود . وهدا ينسجم مع الدراسات التي اجريت في هدا المجال وتؤكد ان الاعراض النفسية المرضية هي في الحقيقة عالية في اطفالنا الاعزاء ضحايا اصابات الحروق, مما يستوجب على القائمين في المراكز الصحية التيقظ والكشف عنها, اضافة الى الاصابة العضوية وهذا يحسن عملية التاهيل والشفاء و جودة الحياة لضحايا الحرق.
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Resilience among Palestinian Adolescents in the Gaza Strip
(Al-Quds University, 2022-01-05) Issa Mahmoud Mohammad Al ibwaini; عيسى محمود العبويني
This study aimed to investigate posttraumatic stress disorder and resilience among adolescents in the Gaza Strip, especially after 51 day war on Gaza Strip. Descriptive analytic, cross sectional design was used. By using four applied tools as follow: socio-demographic characteristic questionnaire, Gaza traumatic events checklist, PTSD Scale for DSM-IV, and resilience scale for adolescents. The sample consisted of 408 students (209 boys and 199 girls) from the five governorates of Gaza Strip aged from 13-18 years old with mean age=15.49. The result showed that the total mean of traumatic experiences was 10.91 (sever experiences), and there was relationship between trauma and sex, boys statistically significantly reported severe traumatic events than girls. The result showed that the mean total scores of PTSD was 29.52, mean re-experiencing symptoms was 9.95, mean avoidance was 10.37, and mean arousal was 9.21. The results showed that 20.1% of adolescents showed no PTSD, 31.1% showed at least one criteria of PTSD (B or C or D), 29.7% showed partial PTSD, and 19.1% of adolescents showed full criteria of PTSD. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in total PTSD, avoidance, and arousal symptoms according to place of residence in favor of adolescents from middle area. The study demonstrated that the mean of total resilience was 82.15, Personal skills 14.01, peer component 5.68, social skills 10.75, physical relationship with caregiver 5.19, psychological relationship with caregiver 15.51, spiritual beliefs 9.36, culture 14.87, and educational items 6.79. The results showed that boys expressed more social skills factors than girls, with no statistically significant differences in other factors according to sex. The results showed statistically significant differences in personal skills, peer component, and psychological relationship with caregiver scores according to place of residence in favor of adolescents from North Gaza. The results showed statistically significant differences in personal skills according to monthly income in favor of adolescents from families with monthly income from 2001 to 3000 NIS, and showed statistically significant differences in social skills in favor of adolescents from families with monthly income more than 3000 NIS. The results showed statistically significant differences in peer component, social skills according to number of siblings in favor of adolescents had 4 and less siblings, and showed statistically significant differences in psychological relationship with caregiver in favor of adolescents had 5 to 7 siblings. The results showed that there was significant correlation between total traumatic events reported by adolescents and total PTSD (r = 0.418), re-experiencing (r = 0.399), avoidance (r = 0.366), and arousal (r = 0.315). The results showed that total number of experienced traumatic events was negatively associated with personal skills (r = - 0.119) and peer component (r = - 0.099). While PTSD was negatively associated with total resilience (r = - 0.122), personal skills (r = - 0.136), social skills (r = - 0.125) and psychological relationship with caregiver (r = -0.134).
Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression in Gaza Strip Palestine
(Al-Quds University, 2002-10-01) Aysheh Mohamed Samro; عائشة محمد سمارو
Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression in Gaza Strip Palestine
(Al-Quds University, 2002-10-01) Ayesh Mohammad Samour; عايش محمد سمور
Prevalence of Depression and/or Anxiety Disorders among Patients with Diabetes and/or Hypertension at UNRWA Health Centers at Gaza Strip
(Al-Quds University, 2010-06-19) Taysier Awadallah El-Amassie; تيسير عوض الله العمصي
Aims: The aim of this study was, to determine the prevalence of depression and/or anxiety disorders among patients with diabetes and /or hypertension, attending the UNRWA health centers at Gaza Strip. Method: The study sample consisted of 400 patients, selected from five health centers, 80 subjects from each center, selected randomly, every tenth patient was selected. The subjects were tested using; sociodemographic scale, Inventory depression scale, and Taylor's Manifest anxiety scale. Results: Three hundred and eighty eight patients responded, the response rate was (97.0%), 62.6% were females, and 37.4% were males. The study showed that 44.3 % had diabetes, 28.1% had hypertension, and 27.6% had both diseases. The study showed that, anxiety rate was51.3% and depression rate was 48.1%. The study showed that, 44.2% of diabetics had depression and 45.4% of hypertensive patients had depression, 49.3% of diabetics had anxiety while 45.1% of hypertensive had anxiety. The study showed that among patients with visual problems, 11.6% with severe depression, and among patients with amputation of the limps, 25.0% had severe depression. The study showed that, those with visual problems, 6.1% with severe anxiety , and with amputated limps 25.0% with severe anxiety, the figures related to other complications were statistically not significant. The study showed that patients with uncontrolled hypertension reported 20.2% with severe depression, patients with uncontrolled hypertension reported 5.0% with severe anxiety. The results showed that, depression among females was 52.1%, and among males 43.1% and anxiety was 54.3% among females and 46.2% among males. The results showed that 29.0% of the 5th age group had severe depression, and 62.8% had anxiety. Depression and anxiety among who live in villages, where 52.8% had depression, and 26.0% had severe depression, and 59.8 % had anxiety. 53.9% of unemployed had depression, and 56.6% had anxiety, 56.6% with income less than 250$/month had depression, and 59.0% had anxiety. 91.5% of illiterate had depression, and 85.7% had anxiety. 36.0% of the widowed had severe depression, and 12.1% with sever anxiety. The study showed, who live in nuclear families 54.4% had depression and 54.8% had anxiety. Conclusion: Both diabetes and hypertension were an important contributor to the presence of depression and anxiety, their contribution increased with the uncontrollability of either of them, and with the development of their complications, additional risk factors were female, unemployment, poverty, low educational level, live in a village, live in a nuclear family, and being widow.
Prevalence of Mental Health Problems among Cerebral Palsy Children from Age 6-12 Years in Gaza Strip
(Al-Quds University, 2010-07-07) Salah Ahmad Saleh; صلاح أحمد صالح
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of mental health problems among cerebral palsy children aged 6-12 years old. A cross sectional method was chosen registered children aged 6-12 years-old at the physiotherapy clinics in the Gaza Strip. A systematic random sample of 219 children suffering from cerebral palsy were selected and their parents were interviewed using the Achenbach child behavior checklist (CBCL), also teacher report form (TRF) was used for physiotherapist. The results indicated that, the prevalence of mental health problems rated by parents was (37%). While, the prevalence of mental health problems rated by therapist was (44.7%). Boys had higher mean than girls regarding aggressive behavior rated by parents, whereas, interaction was observed between boys and girls regarding total problems, withdrawn problems, attention problems and aggressive behavior by therapist. Boys had more mental health problems as rated by both parents and therapist checklists. A correlation was observed between boys and girls regarding aggressive behavior rated by parents. Whereas, a correlation was observed between boys and girls regarding total problems, withdrawn problems, attention problems and aggressive behavior by therapist. Also , the results revealed a statistical significant differences between children mental health problems rated by parents. namely anxious depressed, attention problems, delinquent problems and aggressive behavior and gender in favor to boys. Additionally, total problems, withdrawn problems, delinquent problems, aggressive behavior and externalizing problems rated by therapist were statistically significant with age. Furthermore, the results indicated a significant statistical differences between place of residency and total problems, internalizing problems and externalizing problems rated by therapist, that’s in favor to the children who reside in village. While, a significant statistical differences was observed between place of residency and total problems and internalizing problems rated by parents, that’s in favor to the children who reside in village. However, interaction was observed between household monthly income and total problems and internalizing problems rated by therapist, in favor monthly income less than 300$ per month. Total problems, internalizing and externalizing problems were significantly associated with types of cerebral palsy when rated by therapist. Whereas, internalizing and externalizing problems were significantly associated with types of cerebral palsy when rated by parents. Despite certain limitations, although few sociodemographic differences in CBCL and TRF were found, a longitudinal prospective studies on child behavior is recommended.
The Prevalence of Self-Destructive Behavior and its Relationship to Attachment Styles among Young Palestinian Adults in the Governorates of Bethlehem and Hebron
(Al-Quds University, 2021-12-20) Amanda Mohammad Mousa Manasra; أماندا محمد موسى مناصرة
. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف إلى مدى انتشار السلوك المدمر للذات وعلاقته بأنماط التعلق (الآمن، الرافض، المتناقض، وغير المنظم) لدى الشباب الفلسطينيين في محافظتي بيت لحم والخليل، والتحقق من الإختلافات في مستوى السلوك المدمر للذات تبعاً لمتغيرات الدراسة )العمر، الجنس، مستوى التعليم، حالة العمل، الوضع الزواجي، منطقة السكن، مكان السكن، الوضع الزواجي للأهل، التعرض المؤخر للعنف أو حدث صادم، الدين، التدين. إستخدمت الدراسة مزيجا من طريقة العينة المتاحة وكرة الثلج لإختيار (412) مشارك ومشاركة عبر الإنترنت، وتم جمع البيانات من خلال تطبيق مقياس أنماط التعلق (ASQ) ومقياس على شكل لائحة معيارية تم تطويره من قبل الباحثة لقياس السلوك المدمر للذات بعد التأكد من صدقهما وثباتهما، وذلك ضمن المنهجية الوصفية الترابطية. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن مستوى السلوك المدمر للذات جاء بدرجة متوسطة (44.9%)، وأن أكثر محاور السلوك المدمر للذات إنتشارا كان "الفشل في الرعاية الذاتية الروتينية أو الأولية" (M=1.74)، ثم "إشكاليات التنظيم الذاتي" (M=1.53)، ثم "السلوكيات الجنسية والعاطفية الإجتماعية" (M=1.21)، ثم "السلوكيات الخطيرة، المثيرة، المتحدية، والجنائية" (M=1.09)، ثم "إستخدام المواد وسلوكيات ذات علاقة بالإدمان" (M=0.85)، ونهاية "إيذاء الذات المباشر والسلوك الإنتحاري" (M=0.77). وفيما يتعلق بمتغيرات الدراسة، وجدت النتائج أن هناك فروق ذات دلالة في مستوى السلوك المدمر للذات تبعا للجنس، ومستوى التعليم، والوضع الزواجي للأهل، والتعرض المؤخر للعنف أو حدث صادم، والدين، والتدين فقط. كما وأن النتائج أشارت إلى أن الفروق في متغير الجنس بين "أنثى" و"ذكر" كانت لصالح "ذكر"، وفي متغير مستوى التعليم بين "الدبلوم" و"البكالورويس" لصالح "الدبلوم"، وفي متغير الوضع الزواجي للأهل بين "أحد الوالدين متوفيين / كلا الوالدين متوفيين" و"متزوجين" لصالح "أحد الوالدين متوفيين / كلا الوالدين متوفيين"، وفي متغير "التعرض المؤخر للعنف أو حدث صادم" بين "نعم" و"لا" لصالح "نعم"، وفي متغير الدين بين "مسيحي" و"مسلم" لصالح "مسيحي" وبين "غير ذلك" و"مسلم" لصالح "غير ذلك"، ونهاية في متغير التدين بين "غير متدين" و"متدين جدا" لصالح "غير متدين". وأما حول أنماط التعلق، أشارت النتائج لكون أكثر الأنماط شيوعيا نمط التعلق الرافض ، ثم النمط غير المنظم، ثم النمط الآمن، ونهاية النمط المتناقض. ولم تجد النتائج علاقة ذات دلالة بين السلوك المدمر للذات ونمط التعلق الآمن، بينما وجدت علاقة طردية ذات دلالة بين السلوك المدمر للذات وكل من نمط التعلق الرافض، والنمط غير المنظم، والنمط المتناقض. وأشار التحليل الإضافي للنتائج أن هناك علاقة ذات دلالة بين نمط التعلق الآمن مع محاور السلوك المدمر للذات "الفشل في الرعاية الذاتية الروتينية أو الأولية" و"إشكاليات التنظيم الذاتي"، وبين نمط التعلق غير المنظم ومحاور السلوك المدمر للذات "الفشل في الرعاية الذاتية الروتينية أو الأولية" و"السلوكيات الجنسية والعاطفية الإجتماعية" و"السلوكيات الخطيرة، المثيرة، المتحدية، والجنائية"، وبين كلا النمطين الرافض والمتناقض وكافة محاور السلوك المدمر للذات.
The prevelance of depressive and anxity symbtoms among adolecants in bethlehem non governmental schools
(Al-Quds University, 2022-05-30) Ibrahim Ahmad Awwad Salim; ابراهيم احمد عواد سليم
تعتبر مرحلة المراهقة من المراحل الحساسية في حياة الانسان التطورية بما انها تعد مرحلة انتقالية من كون الانسان طفل يكونه بالغ. هذا التغير يحمل في طياته العديد من التعيرات البيولوجية، الادراكية، السلوكية بالاضافة الى الضغوطات التي يمكن ان تحفز ظهور اعراض الاكتئاب و القلق بينهم. تظهر اعراض القلق والاكتئاب عند حوالي ما يعادل (39.5%) من مجتمع المراهقين، ويعتد بانه خلال مرحلة المراهقة تحدث نوبات الاكتئاب والقلق عند المراهقين على الاقل مرة واحدة عند 10% من الاطفال وذلك على اقل تقدير. وتهدف هذه الدراسة الى التعرف على نسب انتشار اعراض القلق والاكتئاب بين المراهقين في المدارس غير الحكومية في محافظة بيت لحم. ولتحقيق حدف الدراسة، تم عمل دراسة مقطعية استهدفت (973) طفل وطفلة من المدارس غير الحكومية في بيت لحم. وقد تم استهدام مقياس بيك للأكتئاب والذي يعد مقياس استجابة ذاتي ويقيس اعراض الاكتئاب، بالاضافة الى مقياس سبيلبيرجر للقلق كحالة والذي يستخدم في قياس نسب انتشار القلق كحالة. وتتكون عينة الدراسة من (217) طالب من الصف العاشر والصف الحادي عشر والذين تم اختيارهم بطريقة العينة القصدية غير العشوائية من المدارس التي تم انتقائها بطريقة عشوائية. تم ادخال البيانات وتحليلها بأستخدام برنامج الرزم الاحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية (SPSS) رقم 21، وقد تم استخدام عدة اساليب احصائية وصفية و قياسية مثل التكرارات، النسب المؤية ، واختبار (ت) للفروق بين المجموعات و اختبار التباين الاحادي (ANOVA) بالاضافة الى اختبار توكي لفحص الفروق بين المجموعات. اظهرت نتائج البحث بأن 53.6% من الطلاب لديهم الحد الادنى من اعراض الاكتئاب، بينما كان هناك 46.4% ظهرت لديهم اعراض اكتئاب بناء على نقة نقطة الحسم والتي كانت 17 فأعلى بناء على اختبار بيك للاكتئاب. واظهرت النتائج ان 18.6% من المشاركين يعانون من اعراض اكتئاب متوسطة، بينما يعاني 20.2% من المشاركين من اعراض اكتئابية حادة. ومن ناحية اخرى. وجدت الدراسة بأن معظم المشاركين والبالغ نسبتهم 62.5% لا يعانون من اعراض القلق كحالة، بينما كان هناك 38.5% من المشاركين يعانون من اعراض القلق كحالة بناء على مقياس سبيلبيرغر لقياس القلق كحالة. بالاضافة الى ذلك، اظهرت نتائج الدراسة بأن هناك علاقات ذات دلالة احصائية بين اعراض الاكتئاب والجنس، ومنطقة السكن، و دخل الاسرة، و التحصيل الاكاديمي، و الحالة الاجتماعية للعائلة.، وايضا اظهرت النتائج ان هناك دلاله احصائية بين اعراض القلق كحالة و بين الجنس والحالة الزواجية للعائلة. وبناء على نتائج الدراسة الحالية فانه على ادارة المدارس وصناع القرار ان يعززوا جهودهم فيما يتعلق بزيادة منالية الوصول الى الخدمات النفس اجتماعة وخدمات الارشاد للمراهقين، بالاضافة الى زيادة وعي الطلبة باعراض الاكتئاب والقلق من خلال استحداث برامج التثقيف والتوعية في المدارس.
Psychological Effects and Coping Strategies among Palestinian Adolescents Exposed to War on Gaza
(Al-Quds University, 2010-01-09) Omar Hamdan EL-Buhaisi; عمر حمدان ذيب البحيصي
This study aims to examine the psychological effects of Gaza War on Palestinian adolescents living in Gaza Strip and their coping strategies. The researcher defined Gaza War, as all Acts of violence committed by Israel against Palestinian people in Gaza Strip. A stratified cluster random sample survey of 358 adolescents; 158 (44.1%) males and 200 (55.9%) females aged 15-18 years were assessed. The researcher used descriptive analytical design to represent the entire sample of population. However, the researcher used some of modified scales which; Sociodemographic status questionnaire, War on Gaza Traumatic Events Checklist, Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS), Dépression Self- Rating Scale (DSRS), UCLA PTSD Index for DSM-IV: Adolescent Version, and A-Cope Adolescent - Coping Orientation for Problem experiences. The major findings were: The mean exposure to traumatic events was (13.34) events, while the highest traumatic event (90.8%) of study sample watching mutilated bodies on TV, 86.6% of study sample didn t feel save at home, while 90.8% were unable to protect themselves, 81.8% of study sample were unable to protect their families during the war, and 79.6% don t think that others were able to protect them., and showed that there were significant differences in traumatic events according to sex in favor to males, and there were significant difference in traumatic events according to type of residence in favor to village. The results showed that the total weight mean for Anxiety (37.0%), and the highest score for obsessive compulsive subscale (49.4%), then (45.8%) for Generalized Anxiety subscale, social phobia subscale (38.8%), physical injury fears subscale (36.5%), and then separation Anxiety subscale (34.2%), and the least score for panic/Agoraphobia subscale (20.0%), and there were significant differences in Anxiety and its subscales according to sex in favor to females, this means that girls suffer from Anxiety and its subscales more than boys. The results showed that 76.3% of study sample were suffer from depression manifestations (cutoff point >=17) while 23.7% of study sample were not depress (cutoff point <17), and showed that there were significant differences in depression according to sex actual probability in favor to boys, this means that males suffer from depression more than girls. The results showed that 25 of study sample have no PTSD (6.7%), 74 of study sample have one symptoms (20.5%), 125 of study sample have partial PTSD (35.1%), while 134 of study sample have full PTSD (37.6%) according to DSM-VI, and there were significant differences in PTSD according to sex in favor to females, this means that girls suffer from PTSD more than boys, and there were significant differences in PTSD subscales (Re-experiencing, Increase arousal) in favor to females, while there were no significant differences in PTSD subscale (avoidance) according to sex. The results showed that the most frequent coping items among study sample, the item try to improve yourself (get body in shape, get better grades, etc.) 58.9%, and the total Weight mean of ACOPE scale was (56.5%), while, the highest subscale of coping was "developing social support" (66.8%) among study sample, and showed that there were no significant differences in coping strategies among males and females, that s means both boys and girls use coping strategies equally. While there were significant differences in coping strategies subscales (developing social support, solving family problems, iv being humorous) in favor to females, that s means girls use these strategies more than boys, as well as the results showed that there were significant differences in coping strategies subscales (avoiding problems, investing in close friend, seeking professionals support) in favor to male, that s means boys use these strategies more than girls. And showed that there were relative significant effect for independent variable (traumatic events) on Anxiety, which means that independent variables (hearing the sonic sounds of the jetfighters, hearing shelling of the area by artillery, hearing of arrest of someone or a friend, witnessing assassination of people by rockets, Forced to leave your home during the war) have significant effect on Anxiety, this model shows that 37% of Anxiety scores among adolescents due to the previous traumatic events items, while 63% of Anxiety scores due to others factors, and there were relative significant effect for independent variable (traumatic events) on depression, which means that independent variables (Hearing of arrest of someone or a friend, Witnessing killing of a friend, Witnessing assassination of people by rockets, Forced to leave your home during the war) have significant effect on depression, this model shows that 27% of depression scores among adolescents due to the previous traumatic events items, while 73% of depression scores due to others factors, while there were relative significant effect for independent variable (traumatic events) on PTSD, which means that independent variables (hearing the sonic sounds of the jetfighters, hearing of arrest of someone or a friend, witnessing the signs of shelling on the ground, forced to leave your home during the war) have significant effect on PTSD, this model shows that 37% of PTSD scores among adolescents due to the previous traumatic events items, while 73% of PTSD scores due to others factors. The results showed that there were no significant correlation between Anxiety and total coping strategies, while there were positive significant correlation between Anxiety and coping strategies subscales; (ventilating feelings, developing social support, engaging in demanding activities), this mean increase of Anxiety among adolescents will lead to increase of using of these coping strategies. Also the result shown that there were negative significant correlation between Anxiety and coping strategies subscale; (seeking spiritual support), and there were positive significant correlation between depression and total coping strategies, this mean increase of depression among adolescents will lead to increase of using of coping strategies and vice versa, while there were no significant correlation between PTSD and total coping strategies, and there were positive significant correlation between PTSD and coping strategies subscale; (ventilating feelings, developing social support, and avoiding problems), this mean increase of PTSD among adolescents will lead to increase of using of these coping strategies and vice versa, and there were negative significant correlation between PTSD and (solving family problems).
Psychological Stress and Coping Strategies among Parents of Children with Autism in Gaza Strip
(Al-Quds University, 2016-02-01) Wesam Amin Ayyad; وسام أمين عياد
هدفت هذه الدراسة الى اختبار مدى الضغوط النفسية وطرق التأقلم لدى أهالي أطفال التوحد في قطاع غزة وعلاقة المتغيرات الديموغرافية بمدى شدة الضغوط وتحديد استراتيجيات التأقلم للتغلب على مشكلة الطفل التوحدي. وقد تمت هذه الدراسة باستخدام كل من البحث الكيفي والكمي للحصول على النتائج المطلوبة. العينة كانت من 178 مشارك (أب أو أم) لأطفال شخصوا بالتوحد ومسجلين في مراكز التأهيل النفسي في قطاع غزة حيث تم اختيار جميع العينة المسجلة والتي تبلغ 200 طفل حسب إحصائية مراكز الطب النفسي. استخدمت الباحثة اداتين هما مقياس الضغوط النفسية للسرطاوي والشخص (1998) ومقياس كارفر المعدل 28 فقرة والمترجم بواسطة أ.د. عبد العزيز موسى ثابت لاستراتيجيات التأقلم (1997) كما واعدت الباحثة أسئلة للمقابلة الشخصية. النتائج أظهرت انه لا يوجد فرق في مستوى الضغوط النفسية لدى أهالي الطفل التوحدي وعلاقتها بالمتغيرات الديموغرافية لأهالي الطفل التوحدي عند مستوى دلالة 0.05 وكذلك أظهرت الدراسة عدم وجود فرق بين المتغيرات الديموغرافية لدى أهالي الطفل التوحدي وطرق التأقلم كان الخوف على مستقبل الطفل يتصدر المرتبة الأولى ثم مشكلة الطفل في المرتبة الثانية والمرتبة الثالثة كانت عدم القدرة على تحمل أعباء الطفل والمرتبة الرابعة كانت المشكلات الاسرية والمرتبة الخامسة كانت مشكلات الأداء الاستقلالي للطفل ثم يليها في المرتبة ما قبل الأخيرة الاعراض النفسية والعضوية وفي المرتبة الأخيرة مشاعر اليأس والإحباط . بينما استراتيجيات التأقلم. وجد ان التركيز على المشكلة في المرتبة الأولى وطرق التدين والانكار في المرتبة الثانية والتكيف الإيجابي في المرتبة الثالثة والتكيف عن طريق التجنب الإيجابي في المرتبة الرابعة. من ناحية أخرى أظهرت نتائج المقابلة الشخصية ان معظم الضغوط لدى الأهالي تتضمن مستقبل الطفل، عدم القدرة على النطق، السلوكيات السيئة، مشاكل كيفية تناول الطعام والنظافة الشخصية اثناء الحمام كما ويستخدم الأهالي طرق واستراتيجيات التكيف المعتادة مثل تجنب المشكلة ووجود حلول لها والتكيف الإيجابي والتكيف الديني ولكن بدرجات متفاوتة.
Psychological Well-Being and Depression Symptoms Among Emergency Departments’ Medical Staff of Gaza Governmental Hospitals
(Al-Quds University, 2021-01-16) Osama Mohammed Hammad Abdou; اسامة محمد حماد عبدو
The psychological well-being of emergency medical staff working in general hospitals is a public health concern locally and internationally. Emergency departments in Gaza serve in a complex context with an overstressed health system that was weakened through the repetitive rounds of violence for the last 15 years. Socio-cultural attitudes towards emergency medical services in Gaza general hospitals continue to be a source of overload and pressure upon emergency medical teams who are expected to resume their roles with high quality continuously despite the severe shortages in tools, equipment, technical support, and human resources. This study, therefore, aimed to determine the level of psychological well-being and depressive symptoms among emergency medical staff in Gaza General Hospitals. Methodology: The design of this study is mixed-method and was conducted among emergency medical staff at governmental hospitals in Gaza using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Warwick Psychological Well-being Scale (WPWS). Besides, three focus group interviews were conducted among emergency medical staff from 3 major hospitals representing North, Middle, and South Governorates in the Gaza Strip. Results: A total of 202 emergency medical staff participated in the study and filled the study questionnaires. 54.5% of the participants reported high psychological well-being, 43% indicated moderate psychological well-being. More than two-thirds (72.3%) of study participants indicated not having depressive symptoms, 18.3% had mild depressive symptoms, 7.4% had moderate depressive symptoms and 2% had severe depression, added to that, 0.5% of participants had moderate depressive symptoms and Low Psychological well-being. Study results also found a statistically significant inverse relationship between psychological well-being and depressive symptoms, where an increase by 1 point on the psychological well-being scale leads to a decrease of 0.5 in depressive symptoms. Demographic variables including gender, age, academic degrees, place of residence, duty station, and years of experience were not found statistically significant in our sample for psychological well-being. For the qualitative part, most staff indicated that they feel good about their mental well-being and feel that they have the skills to cope with stressful working conditions as they have accumulated experience throughout their years of work, however, they reported high stress levels in their work environment in the emergency departments. Conclusion: Emergency medical staff working at Gaza Governmental Hospitals screened showed high levels of psychological well-being and low depressive symptoms, despite lacking governmental preventive actions to ensure good psychological health among emergency medical staff. Besides, urgent action should be taken by public health decision-makers towards the design and promotion of specialized mental health and psychosocial support services targeting those 10% of emergency medical staff who showed moderate-severe degrees of depressive symptoms. Keywords: Psychological Well-being; Depression Symptoms, medical staff, emergency department, Gaza strip
Quality of Life and Mental Health of Martyrs' wives After The Cast Lead Operation Against Gaza
(Al-quds University, 2011-07-02) Emad Barham Al-Rekeb; عماد برهام الرقب
The aim of this study is to examine the quality of life (QOL) and mental health of martyrs' wives after CLO. The sample of this study consisted of 199 martyrs' wives (empirical group) and 100 regular women (control group). The study used the Quality of Life scale, Aaron Beck Depression Inventory, Taylor Anxiety scale and Davidson PTSD check list. To analyze data, the researcher used frequencies, means, standard deviation, percentage, Pearson correlation test, t-test, ANOVA test and Post hoc Scheffe test. The results of the study showed that QOL among martyrs' wives was lower than women in the control group (m = 84.00 ± 12.35 and 86.81 ± 11.26 respectively). Martyrs' wives who were 40 years and younger have a better QOL compared to older women, martyrs' wives who were married for 16 years and more have a lower QOL compared to those who were married for less years. Martyrs' wives who have less number of children have a higher QOL compared to those who have more children, martyrs' wives who have university education have a higher QOL compared to those who have secondary school education, martyrs' wives who were working / employed have a better QOL compared to those who were not working. There were no significant differences in QOL related to type of housing and monthly income. Regarding mental health, martyrs' wives had a higher level of depression compared to women in control group (m = 23.08 ± 10.13 and 18.49 ± 8.99 respectively), higher anxiety (M = 27.95 ± 5.73 and 29.29 ± 5.97 respectively) and higher PTSD (m = 31.76 ± 10.33 and 26.37 ± 9.37 respectively). There were no significant differences in depression, anxiety and PTSD among martyrs' wives and women in the control group related to age, marry years, number of children, income. Martyrs' wives who live with their family in the same house have a higher level of anxiety and PTSD compared to those who live in an independent house or live with their husband family. Martyrs' wives who are not working / employed have a higher level of depression. There was significant negative relationship between QOL and mental health among martyrs' wives, which mean that as depression, anxiety and PTSD levels increase, level of QOL decrease. In conclusion, the results revealed that martyrs' wives have a lower level of QOL and a higher level of depression, anxiety and PTSD compared to other women.

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