Dissertations & Theses الرسائل الجامعية

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Browsing Dissertations & Theses الرسائل الجامعية by Subject "Agriculture Extension"

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    Using (Atriplex spp.) as a roughage source to improve some productive characteristics in Awassi Ewes
    (AL-Quds University, 2007-07-18) فتحي تيسير يوسف داوود; Fathi Tayseer Yousef Dawood; جمال ابو عمر; د. عايد محمد; د. راتب عارف
    Abstract This experiment was conducted at Beit Quad Experimental Station – Beit Quad-Jenin district, during the period from February to July, 2006, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding two levels of (Atriplex spp.) (leaves and stems) on some parameters of breeding Awassi sheep, due to high prices of feed , low sheep productivity , decrease in Rangeland areas and low rangeland productivity. This was an attempt to reduce feed costs as possible. A total of 27 ewes at age of (5 ± 2) and body weight of (82.6 ± 1.97) were taken and utilized in the study and were randomly divided into three groups with 9 ewes in each. Ewes in the control group were fed 3 kg of a commercial concentrate and 3 kg of barley hay. Ewes in second group were fed 3 kg concentrate plus 1.5 kg barely hay and 1.5 kg Atriplex. For the third experimental group, barely hay was replaced totally by Atriplex leaves and fed same amount of the commercial concentrate. Data were analyzed for ANOVA utilizing SPSS statistical packages Results showed that feeding atriplex has variable effect on parameters measured. Feeding atriplex increased (p < 0.05) dry matter intake (DMI) in ewes consumed atriplex in their diets during various physiological stages (late gestation, suckling and after weaning) Atriplex in diets increased milk protein (p < 0.05) content, lambs weaning weight and daily weight gain. However , incorporation of atriplex in ewes ration had no effect on final ewes weight , change in ewes weight ( initial vs. final weight ) , milk yield , milk fat , milk total solids , and lambs birth weight. The study showed the potentional importance of using atriplex as roughage in small ruminant's rations. It was estimated that about 0.034 $, can be saved per head per day through using atriplex as shown by this experiment. Lack of any kind of health hazards to ewes and lamb, adds to the advantage of this roughage, however more research is needed in this area to confirm these result
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    اعادة استخدام المياه العادمة المعالجة للاغراض الزراعية في منطقة رام الله بين المعيقات وسبل التعزيز
    (AL-Quds University, 2014-01-06) نبراس عبد الكريم حسين الريماوي; Nebras Abdelkareem Hussein Alremawi; جهاد عبادي; د. معتز قطب; د. عامر مرعي
    Abstract The scarcity of freshwater in most Palestinian regions is an escalating problem, particularly as the Palestinian populations continue to grow with constant enhancement of their living standards. Water claim is also accelerating due to industrial development and increasing demands of irrigated lands. One of the alternative solutions for water scarcity is the use of treated wastewater in agriculture, which simultaneously avoids the negative impact of wastewater disposal in the environment. The reuse of treated domestic wastewater in agriculture has recently expanded and forced some governments for its inclusion in their overall water budget. This research aims at studying the obstacles facing the wastewater reuse in agriculture in Ramallah agricultural areas from expertise and farmers point of view. The researcher chosen ten from a purposive list of expertise working in different governmental and nongovernmental institutions including universities for interviewing, and distributed a questionnaire on 295 farmer selected randomly from the farmers in Ramallah district.The research was conducted form January 2013 to January 2014. The data obtained from farmers was analyzed using SPSS and those obtained from interviewing the expertise using qualitative analysis. The researcher concluded that the farmers have a knowledge about the treated wastewater but don’t know how it is treated and the health and environmental restrictions about its reuse in agriculture. Farmers were found capable to accept the reuse of treated wastewater in their ح farms if there is a nearby source of treated wastewater. The main obstacles in the reuse of treated wastewater from the view of studied farmers were their weakness in environmental awareness and because they don’t trust the good quality of the treated wastewater. Farmers think that there is no or weak control and follow-up on the quality of treated wastewater from the official bodies. The researcher also concluded that the funding agencies aware to build wastewater treatment plants but they are not aware for the reuse of the treated wastewater in agriculture. The religious factor was the main obstacle facing the reuse of treated wastewater in agriculture from the farmers point of view. The researcher recommend attending training programs to support the farmers acceptance to reuse treated wastewater in agriculture aiming at strengthen their awareness about the health, economic, and environmental impact of the reuse of treated wastewater, along with clarifying the good quality of treated wastewater to be used for certain trees and crops. It is recommended also to build a successful models for the reuse of treated wastewater to encourage farmers to follow these models in terms of lowering the production cost and obtaining good yield with low price. Among the recommendations are intensifying the control from the official bodies on the quality of effluent of wastewater treatment plants, and educate farmers about the religion opinion in terms of the reuse of treated wastewater in agriculture. It is recommended also to provide the farmers in the western areas of Ramallah who don’t have a source of irrigation with zero-cost treated wastewater to encourage them to use treated wastewater as alternative to costly fresh water
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    العوامل المرتبطة بالسلوك الاتصالي الارشادي للزراع في محافظات جنوب غزة
    (AL-Quds University, 2005-04-26) محمد خليل سليمان موسى; Mohammed Khaleel Suleiman Mousa; حاتم الشنطي; د. ابراهيم حمد; د. يحيى زهران
    This research has mainly aimed at identifying the factors that connected with the communicative extension behavior for the farmers in the southern govern orates of Gaza Strip – Palestine. Generally, the research focuses on tow main objectives: 1- Recognizing the most important characteristics and traits of the farmers of in the southern governorates of Gaza strip.2- Studying the connecting relationships among the personal social, economic, communicative, psychological function of the farmers from one side, and their participation on the extension farming activities from the other side.This research includes five chapters. The first one is an introduction to the research problem, objectives and justifications. The second chapter presented the theoretical framework. It has discussed some proceeded studies that have a connection with the research. The third chapter presented the study methodology which includes the terms of the study, the study geographical and human domains, the study universe and sample, the study variables, data collection tools, as well as, the used statistical tools. The fourth chapter concerned with the research results and their discussion. Fin all the fifth chapter presented the study summary and recommendations. The research includes fifteen independent variables and the sequent one that is the dependent variable: communicative extension farming behavior for the farmer. The study was in conducted in Gaza Strip southern govern orates which are Rafah and Khan Younis. A complete random sample consists of 150 farmers representing 3.3% of the total farmers in the two govern orates based on the statistics of Ministry of Agriculture for the year 2003. Questionnaire was used for collecting the study data from the sample farmers by using personal interview techniques. The data collection was taken place from June to September 2003. Percentages, frequencies, Arithmetic Mean, Standard Deviation, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Multiple and Partial Regression Analysis were used as statistical tools. The study has reached several important findings which can be summarized as follows: 1- The research results clarify that the farmers, ages are among (25–60) years. The arithmetic mean is 49, 9 years; the standard deviation is eleven years. 2- The results clarify the numbers of the farmers' family members are among (1–15) individuals. The arithmetic mean is eight individuals, the standard deviation is 4, 2 individuals. 3- The results clarify the sons of workers on farming are about (1–8) individuals.The arithmetic mean is 2, 3 individuals, the standard deviation is 1, 2 individuals. 4- The results clarify the educated sons of the farmers are about (0 – 15) individual. The standard deviation 2, 85 individuals, the arithmetic mean is 2, 9 individuals. 5- The research results clarify that the farmers have (1–7) acres, the arithmetic mean is 3, 3 acres, and standard deviation is 1, 9 acres. 6- The results clarify that the farmer have (0 – 8) animals. The standard deviation is 2, 4 animals, the arithmetic mean 2, 2 animals. 7- The results clarify that the farmers has (1-8) farming machines. The standard deviation is 1, 3 machines, the arithmetic mean is 2, 8 machines. 8- The results clarify that the net yearly income is (5 – 50) thousands shekels. The standard deviation is 1040 shekels; the arithmetic mean is 15140 shekels. 9- The results clarify that the farmers' attitudes towards the extension work is 9.34 degrees. The standard deviation is 5, 8 degrees. 10- The results clarify that the farmers' attitudes towards the farming work is 39.1 degrees. The standard deviation is 4.9 degrees. 11- The results clarify that the arithmetic average of the farmers' attitudes towards the other farmers is 30 degrees. The standard deviation is 3.3 degrees. 12- The results clarify that the number of the farmers' resources of the farming information which the farmers communicates with is about (1–5) resources. The standard deviation is 1.3 resources; the arithmetic mean is 3.8 resources. 13- The results clarify that the number of the farmers that apply the new farming practices are seventy three farmers, the percentage is 87, 9%, while as the farmers that not apply the new farming practices are ten farmers, the percentage is 12.1%
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    القيمة الإقتصادية والإجتماعية للبذور البلدية من وجهة نظر المزارعين في جنوب الضفة الغربية
    (AL-Quds University, 2013-06-01) مجدولين مصباح اسحق الرجبي; Majdoleen Mosbah Ishaq Al Rajabee; طلعت التميمي; د. ثمين هيجاوي; د. حسان أبو قاعود
    Abstract: This study was conducted during 2010- 2012 where the sample represented the farmers from the villages of Halhoul, Surif, Alkhadir and Wadi Fukin. The study sample was random sample represented by 162 female and male farmers where the sample was randomly selected.Twenty farmers and domestic seeds experts were interviewed. The study mainly aimed to recognize the economical and social value of the domestic seeds according to the farmers, and identify the obstacles facing the spread of the domestic seeds among the farmers. The researcher used two methodologies of descriptive and analytical approaches. The data was gathered and tested according to the hypotheses based on the previous literature that were reviewed, critically analyzed and processed the outputs of the surveys using the SPSS program. The result of the study had shown that there is an economical value for the domestic seeds, where the farmer according to their answers in the survey had registered an arithmetic mean of 4.2 regarding the farmers' ability to gather and store the domestic seeds for the following season. This is because the domestic seeds showed resistance of the diseases and pests. Moreover, the seeds are easy to trade with . The interviewed experts had answered with a percentage of 90% that there exist an economical value for the domestic seeds and confirmed that its usage decreases any other expenses and increases the income of the farmer and consumer as product, also it's considered resisting to the diseases and the pests and endures droughts. Moreover, 10% of the interviewee had refused to use the domestic seeds because they are seasonal and not able to compete with the improved seeds. The results had showed that there is a social value for the domestic seeds, where when it was ranked in descending order based on its importance it obtained the highest arithmetic mean of 4.55 of the farmers choosing to plant the domestic seeds because the special taste of its fruits , they're able to store the fruits and keep it. Also its related to the agricultural heritage in the area. According to the experts 95% of them answered that the domestic seeds helps to enhance the social relations among the farmers through its production and its د marketing, having seasonal exhibitions and the entire family participate in the production process so it's considered a cultural social heritage. Regarding the obstacles to the spread of the domestic seeds, the results showed the limited local and international financial support of researches to improve the domestic agriculture. Moreover, no financial supports nor facilitated loans for farmers using domestic types. The study had showed that opening the Palestinian market to the Israeli products and the availability of huge amounts of genetic modified seeds had contributed in the loss of the types of the domestic seeds.The interviewees had assured the above mentioned obstacles and added new and many other obstacles existing in the current context .The results had shown that using the domestic seeds is profitable in all kinds of vegetables except for the wheat crops , where for each dunum all the vegetables exceeded 1000 NIS of profit which is considered efficient and profitable specially if the the area cultivated is large. the farmers tend to plant the wheat for the household consumption and for livestock. In the end of the study the researcher had presented some suggestions and recommendations to enhance and sustain the usage of the domestic seeds through a public organization that improves, produce the domestic seeds, monitor the process and collecting data and experiences available of the farmers. The data collected should be verified systematically to be considered as sound and reliable data. Furthermore, the farmers should be supported financially with big-scale projects that serves the farmers themselves focusing on the domestic seeds agriculture. Seasonal agricultural exhibitions should be held in each area of Palestine according to its agricultural nature. Training courses should be conducted for the farmers and agronomists continuously depending on the seasons and focusing on the importance of the domestic seeds usages. And finally establishing agricultural local associations and organisations specialized in local agriculture by the farmers themselves
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    تقييم برامج استصلاح الاارضي في الضفة الغربية لعام 2005_2006
    (AL-Quds University, 2012-10-05) علي عبد الحافظ علي علقم; ali abd al hafez ali alkam; عزام صالح; لا يوجد
    Abstract: This study was conducted by the researcher between September 2011 and February 2012. (12) localities in five districts were surveyed. The main objective of the study is to evaluate and establish socio-economic indicators on land reclamation projects implemented by the MOA and different local NGOs over 2005-2006.Indeed the said projects were completely funde by the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) as part of its local programme Participatory Natural Resources Management Programme (PNRMP). The adopted research methodology includes conducting the following: semi structured interviews with seven representatives of the implementing organization, and a structured questionnaire administered to a random sample of 158 beneficiary farmers. For this purpose an interview guide and a questionnaire were prepared tested, reviewed and approved by experts in this field. These tools included questions about the obstacles and constraints facing the land reclamation and the impact of these programs on the socioeconomic status of beneficiaries. The obtained data were analyzed using the computer software “Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results showed that the implementing organization worked under clear goals and plans in all stages of their projects cycle. All related stakeholders participated in the project implementation phases. Most organizations did not update their data on the Agricultural Projects Information System (APIS), leaving decision makers with insufficient information about land reclamation. Most oriented interview did not follow up projects after handing to farmers. Beneficiaries were more satisfied with direct implementation of land reclamation, 87.3% of the interviewed farmers indicated that intercropping increased the income of beneficiaries by 17.8%, and contributed to shortening the payback period of the cost of land reclamation. Land reclamation increased women participation in farming they contribute by 32% of the family work in the reclaimed land. Land reclamation had also positive impact in improving the opportunities for farmers' collective work and helped in powering them vis-a-vis their communities. Based on these results the study suggests further strengthening extension service as provided by the Ministry of Agriculture, beyond the period of implementation for a minimum of five years. Construction of agricultural roads should be an integral part of land reclamation projects. Sharing of success stories between farmers and involving beneficiaries in discussion and collective events will increase the impact of land reclamation. Organizations working on land reclamation should have consistent and unified system of managing projects, the strategy of direct implementation by farmers should be adopted to minimize costs and create more job opportunities for farmers. And finally, updating APIS is very important to inform decision makers and coordinate work
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    دراسة واقع الزراعة البعلية في الضفة الغربية وآفاق تطويرها
    (AL-Quds University, 2009-03-30) محمد سعيد محمد عابد; Mohammad Saeed Mohammad Abed; ثمين هيجاوي; د. عزام صالح; د. توفيق القبج
    Abstract The current study has focused on rain-fed agriculture in the West- Bank, which is considered the dominant farming system in west-bank, and the total area of rainfed agriculture, reach up to 92% of the agricultural area. This study aimed to investigate the status of agriculture and the importance of rain-fed agriculture, and to identify the problems facing the rain-fed agriculture in the West Bank, as well as to study the socioeconomic situation of farmers in rainfed agriculture, and to determine the role of rural women in rainfed agriculture in all over the agriculture practices starting from planning to marketing. In addition, this study aimed to identify a proper solution and scenarios to improve the rainfed agriculture in the target area. A questionnaire was designed to achieve the aims of this study, the target farmers were selected from the registration in department of agriculture in target governorate in the studied area and study population were divided into four main work areas that the necessary data have been collected, through working with the extension units of the Agricultural Ministry during the year 2007/2008, and this study was designed according to, descriptive approach, which uses the method of interview with farmers, through a questionnaire designed for this purpose, the study was analyzed using the statistical analysis SPSS at the end of data collection. The results of study indicated the size of agricultural stockholder in the studied area in the West- Bank is limited, as it is 81% of the farmers own less than 50 donums divided to several agricultural units, and we found small holdings is one of the most important problems that facing rainfed agriculture. the results showed that rainfed agriculture farmers are old that 43.4% are older than 50 years old, their educational level was less than general secondary school ( 75% of studied people holding General Secondary School certificate or below).as well as the study showed that 65% of the whole families in the rainfed agriculture with limited demands on paid employment, and results indicate that Palestinian women play a significant role in rain-fed agriculture as 66.7% of women work in the field and do most of work in the processing of agricultural land, crop storage, farm operations and harvesting, while in marketing compared to other work is about 32%, Furthermore the results of the analysis indicated that the most important rain-fed crops consisting of: field crops (wheat, barley, clover) fruit trees (olive, almond, grapes, figs) and vegetables ( tomatoes, squash, okra). As the findings suggest that the most important problems facing rain-fed agriculture is the fragmentation of property, fluctuation of rainfall, the low level of technology, marketing problems, urbanization, and the problems due to occupation (in viewpoint of farmers), and the most important solutions suggested by farmers is to supply farmers with improved varieties, support agricultural production inputs, increase agricultural extension, land reclamation. Finally, the results of the highlighted study that: the size of agricultural stockholders limited due to the fragmentation of land ownership, but the promotion of agricultural و cooperative system, and an expansion of agricultural societies, will reduce the risk of this problem. Besides the rainfed agricultural sector, depends entirely on rainfall, therefore we must maintain the soil moisture, through the proper agricultural practices, such as: minimum tillage, terraces, and barriers to collect rainwater, especially in the mountainous land planted with trees. Moreover, the study summed up; it is vital to elevate the utilized technical and technological level in agriculture , harvesting and marketing. Besides, picking up the most appropriate rain-fed agricultural machines according to the nature of the region, through eliminating obstacles that limit the agricultural machinery usage which facilitates land access such as construction of agricultural roads
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    دور الارشاد الزراعي في مجال استخدام و ترشيد المياه الزراعية في قطاع غزة
    (AL-Quds University, 2004-08-08) محمد صالح يوسف أبو عواد; Mohammed Saleh Yousef Abu Awwad; جواد وادي; د. خليل محمود طبيل; أ.د. يوسف صلاح أبو مايلة
    Abstract Gaza strip is considered as extremely poor in its aquatic resources, and greatly depends on rain to substitute the underground reservoir. Agriculture is considered as the greatest sector of Gaza strip in water consumption, whereas it consumes approximately 77 million cubic meter yearly. On the other hand , the water in Gaza Strip is of low quality, due to high salt and nitrate concentration . However , the salt concentration ( chloride) ranges from 500 to1500 mg\L in many regions , while the nitrate concentration ranges from 200 to 500 mg\L . Due to the dangers of aquatic situation in Gaza strip, this study has been done to study the role of agricultural extension in the field of use and guidance of the consumption of water in agriculture , the reasons of weakness of this program, and to find the suitable tools in order to thrift and guide the water use in agriculture. The study showed that there is a defect in the agriculture extension system, due to many factors, technical, and institutional obstacles . The over lapping between the governmental and nongovernmental organizations play an essential role in impeding that work . There is a need to strengthen the relation between these institutions, and we need a united extension programmers where all the governmental and non –governmental institutions must be involved The study also has shown that most farmers depend on self-experience to determine irrigation time, and to estimate the required water quantity. Also this study has shown that there is lack in extension visits that agricultural engineers perform for the farm VIII promote their role in expanding their research training courses to the agricultural guides and the farmers to increase their ability and the extension staff to reduce water use and correct all the mistakes in the water use . The study emphasized the following : 1 - The importance of the role of Ministry of Agriculture in the field of agricultural extension . 2 - The need for training the new agricultural extensions in order to support the confidence between them and the farmers. 3 - It is important to provide guides with cars which will help them to arrive the farmers in their farms . 4 - Drip irrigation is the best way in irrigation all over the world due to its high ability to save a great quantity of water and for the best use of fertilizers. 5 - Irrigation in the earlier hours or the latest hours increases the value of the irrigation and reduces quantity of the wasted water caused by evaporation . 6 - The necessity of using moisture measuring devices to guess the water demands . 7 - The maintenance of irrigation pipes to limit extra use of water and to reduce the wasted quantity of water. 8 - The necessity of having agricultural policy to fit the water situation in Gaza Strip and to have programmers to re-use the treated wasted water in agriculture
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    وجهة نظر المرشدين الزراعيين في منظومة الارشاد الزراعي في مجال الثروة الحيوانية
    (AL-Quds University, 2006-09-13) أيمن تيسير محمد ياسين; Ayman Tyseer Mohammad Yaseen; جمال ابو عمر; د. عبد الحميد البرغوثي; د. عايد سلامة
    The objectives of this study were to investigate the view point of extension agents about the degree of achievement of fulfillment the objectives and tasks of extension by extension agents. Also to investigate the sheep and goats extension agents' viewpoint on several aspects related to extension such as performance of extension agents and problems facing the animal extension sector and the relation between extension agents and the other factors such as gender, education, residence, age, experience in service and training. As well-constructed questionnaire was employed in the study. All of extension agents in the field of sheep and goats were interviewed. The study showed the low performance of extension agents as low percent of them had previous training in the field. The study showed a strong relation between degree of achievements and extension agents performance. Similar relation was observed between the low performance of extension agents and the obstacles facing the extension sectors. Gender has no effect on performance of extension agents. Similar trend was observed in the relation between performance and ages, experience and previous training. Several recommendations were given by the study, among these; more research is needed in relation to improve performance of agricultural agents. The study showed that training should be made to fit needs for the extension agents. Number of extension agents in the field of sheep and goats should be maximized as possible.