Medical Imaging Technology

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Browsing Medical Imaging Technology by Author "Jessica Salim Jeries Badawi"

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    Study of the effects of posture on the volume of abdominal and pelvic organs using Ultrasonography
    (Al-Quds University, 2024-05-16) Jessica Salim Jeries Badawi; جيسيكا سليم جريس بدوي
    Study of the human body organs sizes and their clinical positions is of particular importance in different clinical applications including diagnostics and therapeutical. This kind of studies is important in the investigation of anthropometrical characteristics of populations as well. This thesis deals with the determination of dimensions and volumes of organs of healthy adult people in the abdominal and pelvic regions using Ultrasonography (USG) in supine and sitting postures and investigate the change in organ volume between the two postures. Twenty healthy participants (subjects) were investigated in the study 11 females and 9 males. The age of all subjects ranged from 30 and 70 years with different body mass indexes. The average body mass index of females was 25.56 ± 1.49 kg/m2 and of males was 26.32 ± 1.55 kg/m2. Prior to the measurement of organs sizes by USG, a pilot study was conducted on two subjects; female and male to check the consistency of USG modality with Magnetic resonance imaging technique (MRI) which is considered the golden standard for evaluation of body organ dimensions. Both the organs span and volume of the two subjects involved in the pilot study were determined by the MRI and USG techniques in supine and sitting positions according to standard protocols. The organs investigated were; liver, spleen, right and left kidneys, ovaries, prostate, urinary bladder, gall bladder and testicles all in supine position. Statistical analysis of results of all organs measurements of the two subjects including graphical presentations, normal probability plots of the difference between the two techniques, Bland-Altman analysis confirmed a strong correlation between MRI and USG in the determination of organs dimensions (spans and volumes). As example correlation coefficient between MRI and USG in measuring female abdominal and pelvic organs spans in supine was 0.99. Mean difference (bias) was about 0.0012, the lower CI at 95% confidence level was – 0.33, upper CI at 95% confidence level was 0.33. compatible results were also obtained for the male in pilot study. Volumes of organs were calculated from the measured dimensions (AP, Length and Transverse) assuming ellipsoidal shape of the organs. Calculated volumes for the pilot study subjects were compatible with the values published in literature. Comparison between liver volume calculated in the pilot study and by using Child’s equation considered the most accurate for estimating liver volume using 2D Ultrasound was in very good agreement (difference of about 0.6%). All measurements in sitting position were conducted by USG only on a folding chair specially constructed for the purpose of this study. Mean splenic span for all females in supine position was 10.18 ±0.95 cm, in sitting position 10 ± 0.7 cm; for males 12.34 ± 1.71 cm in supine position and 11.72 ± 1.69 cm in sitting position. The average decrease in organs span varies between organs from about 7% for spleen to about 16% for left ovary. There was statistically significant difference between the span of organs measured in supine and sitting positions. Two tailed t-tests were used to analyze the difference in the spans of organs between supine and sitting positions at 95% confidence level. For all organs, in no case, the volume of any organ in sitting position was equal or greater than that in supine position and the average decrease in volume between supine and sitting positions for all investigated organs was about 28%. To analyze the differences in organ volume between supine and sitting positions, paired t-tests (two-tailed) as well as Wilcoxon Signed rank were used for different organs separately for males and females and also for main organs together for both genders (for liver, spleen, right kidney and left kidney). For individual organs as well as for the main four organs also Wilcoxon Signed rank (the non-parametric version of the paired t-test) tests were used. The two tests gave similar results. For female right kidney volume difference, the two tailed p-value was 0.00001, for males liver volume the p-value was 0.0008. For female spleen volume differences analysis between supine and sitting positions p-value was 1.3x10-5. For differences analysis in volumes including four main organs mentioned above (n=80 all the 4 organ volumes of all participants) a paired two tailed t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test both gave a p-value < 0.00001. Both tests indicate a strong statistically significant difference in volumes 95% confidence level. The differences in organ spans and volumes between supine and sitting positions are statistically significant and therefore can be detected by Ultrasonography.