معاني صيغَتَيْ (أفعل) و(فَعَّلَ) في القرآن الكريم اتحادًا واختلافًا "دراسة تحليلية بيانية"
Date
2025-05-25
Authors
أنوار زياد جبر ياغي
Anwar Ziad Jaber Yaghi
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
تتناولُ هذه الدِّراسةُ مَعَاني صِيغَتَيْ: (أَفْعَلَ) و(فَعَّلَ) في القرآنِ الكريمِ من حيثُ الاتِّحادُ والاختلافُ، وآراءَ السَّادةِ المفسرين وغيرهم من أهلِ العِلْمِ في الأمرِ؛ وذلك بتتبُّعِ مواضعِ ورودِ الصِّيغَتَيْنِ في القرآنِ الكريمِ؛ أفعالًا كانت أم مصادِرَ أم مُشتقاتٍ، ويشملُ ذلك: المواضعَ التي قُرِئَتْ فيها الكلمةُ الواحدةُ بالصِّيغَتَيْنِ، والمواضعَ التي اجتمعتْ فيها الصِّيغَتَانِ في الآيةِ نفسِها، وكذا ما وردت فيه الصِّيغَتَانِ في مواضِعَ متفرِّقةٍ في القرآنِ الكريمِ؛ من أجلِ تكوينِ تصوُّرٍ واضحٍ ومتكاملٍ حولَ الموضوعِ.
وتكمُنُ أهمِّيَّةُ الدِّرَاسةِ في كَوْنِهَا جامِعَةً بينَ ثلاثةٍ مِنْ أَجَلِّ العُلُومِ؛ وهي: عِلْمُ اللُّغَةِ، وعِلْمُ التَّفسيرِ، وعِلْمُ القراءاتِ. وأنَّها تُوَظِّفُ مبحثَ زياداتِ الأفعالِ والصِّيَغِ الصَّرْفيَّةِ في مجالِ تفسيرِ القرآنِ الكريمِ؛ إِذْ هُوَ مِنْ أبرزِ ما يُعِينُ على تفسيرِ القرآنِ الكريمِ، وفَهْمِ معاني مفرداتِهِ، وإدراكِ بعضِ مظاهرِ إعجازه البيانيِّ الباهِر.
وتهدفُ الدِّراسةُ إلى بيانِ أهميةِ علمِ الصَّرفِ بعامَّةٍ، ومبحثِ الصِّيَغِ الصَّرفيةِ بخاصَّةٍ، وأَثَرِهما في تفسيرِ القُرآنِ الكريمِ، وفَهْمِ معانِيهِ، والكشفِ عن بعضِ أسرارِهِ، وكذا تجليةِ التَّكامُلِ بينَ عِلْمِ التَّفسيرِ وغيرِهِ من العُلُومِ، وأَنَّهُ لا يُمْكِنُ تفسيرُ القرآنِ الكريمِ بمعزِلٍ عن عِلْمِ اللغةِ وغيره من عُلُومِ الآلةِ؛ لأنَّ كُلَّ واحدٍ منها مفتاحٌ يفتحُ بابًا من أبوابِ التَّفسيرِ المُغْلَقَةِ، وبتوظيفِها مُجْتَمِعَةً يتفتَّحُ كثيرٌ من الأبوابِ، ويتكشَّفُ كثيرٌ من المعاني البلاغيَّةِ.
وقَدْ جاءتِ الدِّرَاسَةُ في ثلاثةِ فُصُولٍ رَئيسةٍ: الفصلُ الأوَّلُ؛ وهو بعنوان: المواضعُ التي ظاهِرُها اتِّحَادُ معاني صِيغَتَيْ (أَفْعَلَ) و(فَعَّلَ).الفصلُ الثَّاني؛ وهو بعنوان: المواضعُ التي ظاهِرُها اختلافُ معانيصيغَتَيْ (أَفْعَلَ) و(فَعَّلَ). الفصلُ الثَّالث بعنوان: المواضِعُ التي تحتملُ الاتِّحادَ والاختلافَ في معاني صِيغَتَيْ (أَفْعَلَ) و(فَعَّلَ).
وسَلَكتِ الباحثةُ في دِرَاسَتِها المنهجَ الاستقرائيَّ المتضمِّنَ وصفَ النُّصوصِ وتحليلَها، وكذلك منهجَ الموازنةِ بين أقوالِ أهلِ العِلْمِ في معاني الصِّيغَتَيْنِ، وترجيحِ الأنسبِ منها بقواعدِ العربيَّةِ وجزالةِ السِّياقِ الكريمِ، إلى جانب منهجِ الاستنباطِ والاستنتاجِ؛ وذلك في استنباطِ ما يمكنُ أن يكونَ قواعدَ وضوابطَ في مجيءِ صِيغَتَيْ (أَفْعَلَ) و(فَعَّلَ) بمعنىً واحدٍ أو بمعنيينِ مختلفينِ، وفقَ آراءِ المفسرين وغيرهم في ذلك.
وقد خَلَصَتِ الدِّراسةُ إلى مجموعةٍ من النتائج؛ أهمها: أنَّهُ لَيْسَ عِندَ السَّادةِ العُلَمَاءِ قواعدُ حَوْلَ مَجِيءِ صِيغَتَيْ(أَفْعَلَ) و(فَعَّلَ) بِمَعْنىً واحدٍ أوْ بِمَعْنَيَيْنِ مُخْتَلِفَيْنِ، إلَّا مَا نَصَّ علَيْهِ ابْنُ عَطِيَّةَ، وأبو حَيَّانَ، والسَّمينُ، وغيرُهم؛مِنْ أنَّ مَعْنَى التَّضْعِيفِ فِي (فَعَّلَ) يَعْتَمِدُ على لُزُومِ فِعْلِهِ المُجَرَّدِ أوْ تَعَدِّيهِ؛ فإِنْ كانَ لازمًا وصارَ مُتَعَدِّيًا بَعْدَالزِّيادةِ فإنَّ التَّضْعِيفَ حينئذٍ بمَعْنَى الهَمْزَةِ؛ وهو التَّعْدِيةُ، وإنْ كانَ في الأَصْلِلازِمًا أوْ مُتَعَدِّيًا ولَمْ تَتَغَيَّرْ حالُهُ بَعْدَ الزِّيادةِكانَ التَّضْعِيفُ للتَّكْثيرِ، واخْتَلَفَتِ الصِّيغَتَانِ فِي المَعْنَى غَالِبًا.
وتُوصِي الباحثةُ بِأنْ يُولِيَ طَلَبَةُ العِلْمِ اللُّغَةَ بعُلُومِها المُخْتَلِفَةِ؛ الصَّرفِ والنَّحْوِ والبَلاغةِ، الاهتمامَ اللائِقَ بِهَا؛ لأنَّهَا العُمْدَةُ في فَهْمِ كلامِ اللهِ تعالى.
الكلمات المفتاحيَّة: (القرآن الكريم، صيغ صرفية، أفعلَ، فَعَّلَ، تفسير).
This study addresses the forms (Af’ala) and (Fa’’ala) and their meanings in the Holy Quran in terms of their similarities and differences, as well as the opinions of esteemed interpreters and other scholars on the matter. This is achieved by tracing the occurrences of both forms in the Quran, whether as verbs, nouns, or derivatives. This includes instances where a single word is read in both forms, cases where both forms appear within the same verse, and instances where the two forms occur in various places throughout the Quran. The goal is to develop a clear and comprehensive understanding of the topic. The importance of the study lies in its integration of three esteemed fields of knowledge: linguistics, exegesis (tafsir), and recitation (qira'at). It employs the topic of verb augmentations and morphological forms within the context of interpreting the Holy Quran, as this is one of the most significant aids to understanding the meanings of its vocabulary and recognizing some aspects of its remarkable rhetorical miracle. The study aims to demonstrate the importance of morphology in general and the specific topic of morphological forms in particular, as well as their impact on the interpretation of the Holy Quran, understanding its meanings, and revealing some of its secrets. It also seeks to clarify the integration between exegesis (tafsir) and other disciplines, highlighting that it is impossible to interpret the Holy Quran in isolation from linguistics and other linguistic sciences. Each of these fields serves as a key that unlocks a closed door of interpretation, and by employing them together, many doors open, revealing numerous rhetorical meanings. The study is structured into three main chapters: Chapter One is titled: "Instances in Which the Forms (Af’ala) and (Fa’’ala) Appear to Share the Same Meaning.Chapter Two is titled: "Instances in Which the Forms (Af’ala) and (Fa’’ala) Appear to Differ in Meaning. Chapter Three is titled: "Instances That Potentially Indicate Either Similarity or Difference in the Meanings of the Forms (Af’ala) and (Fa’’ala)." In her study, the researcher adopted an inductive approach that includes describing and analyzing texts, as well as a comparative method that weighs the opinions of knowledgeable scholars regarding the meanings of the two morphological forms. She seeks to determine which is more appropriate according to the rules of Arabic and the eloquence of the noble context. Additionally, she employs a method of deduction and inference to derive potential rules and criteria for the usage of the forms (Af’ala) and (Fa’’ala) whether they convey the same meaning or different meanings, based on the views of interpreters and others on this matter. The study concluded with a set of results, the most important of which is that there are no established rules among the scholarly authorities regarding the use of the forms (Af’ala) and (Fa’’ala) to convey a single meaning or two different meanings, except for what Ibn Atiyyah, Abu Hayyan, Al-Samin, and others have stated, which is that the meaning of intensification in (Fa’’ala) relies on whether its base verb is intransitive or transitive; if it is intransitive and then becomes transitive after the addition, the intensification then implies the meaning of causation, whereas if it originally remains intransitive or transitive without change after the addition, the intensification serves to indicate abundance. Generally, the two forms tend to differ in meaning. The researcher recommends that students of knowledge give due attention to the various branches of the Arabic language—morphology, grammar, and rhetoric—as they are essential for understanding the words of Allah, the Exalted. Keywords: (The Holy Quran, Morphological forms, Af’ala, Fa’’ala, Exegesis "Tafsir").
This study addresses the forms (Af’ala) and (Fa’’ala) and their meanings in the Holy Quran in terms of their similarities and differences, as well as the opinions of esteemed interpreters and other scholars on the matter. This is achieved by tracing the occurrences of both forms in the Quran, whether as verbs, nouns, or derivatives. This includes instances where a single word is read in both forms, cases where both forms appear within the same verse, and instances where the two forms occur in various places throughout the Quran. The goal is to develop a clear and comprehensive understanding of the topic. The importance of the study lies in its integration of three esteemed fields of knowledge: linguistics, exegesis (tafsir), and recitation (qira'at). It employs the topic of verb augmentations and morphological forms within the context of interpreting the Holy Quran, as this is one of the most significant aids to understanding the meanings of its vocabulary and recognizing some aspects of its remarkable rhetorical miracle. The study aims to demonstrate the importance of morphology in general and the specific topic of morphological forms in particular, as well as their impact on the interpretation of the Holy Quran, understanding its meanings, and revealing some of its secrets. It also seeks to clarify the integration between exegesis (tafsir) and other disciplines, highlighting that it is impossible to interpret the Holy Quran in isolation from linguistics and other linguistic sciences. Each of these fields serves as a key that unlocks a closed door of interpretation, and by employing them together, many doors open, revealing numerous rhetorical meanings. The study is structured into three main chapters: Chapter One is titled: "Instances in Which the Forms (Af’ala) and (Fa’’ala) Appear to Share the Same Meaning.Chapter Two is titled: "Instances in Which the Forms (Af’ala) and (Fa’’ala) Appear to Differ in Meaning. Chapter Three is titled: "Instances That Potentially Indicate Either Similarity or Difference in the Meanings of the Forms (Af’ala) and (Fa’’ala)." In her study, the researcher adopted an inductive approach that includes describing and analyzing texts, as well as a comparative method that weighs the opinions of knowledgeable scholars regarding the meanings of the two morphological forms. She seeks to determine which is more appropriate according to the rules of Arabic and the eloquence of the noble context. Additionally, she employs a method of deduction and inference to derive potential rules and criteria for the usage of the forms (Af’ala) and (Fa’’ala) whether they convey the same meaning or different meanings, based on the views of interpreters and others on this matter. The study concluded with a set of results, the most important of which is that there are no established rules among the scholarly authorities regarding the use of the forms (Af’ala) and (Fa’’ala) to convey a single meaning or two different meanings, except for what Ibn Atiyyah, Abu Hayyan, Al-Samin, and others have stated, which is that the meaning of intensification in (Fa’’ala) relies on whether its base verb is intransitive or transitive; if it is intransitive and then becomes transitive after the addition, the intensification then implies the meaning of causation, whereas if it originally remains intransitive or transitive without change after the addition, the intensification serves to indicate abundance. Generally, the two forms tend to differ in meaning. The researcher recommends that students of knowledge give due attention to the various branches of the Arabic language—morphology, grammar, and rhetoric—as they are essential for understanding the words of Allah, the Exalted. Keywords: (The Holy Quran, Morphological forms, Af’ala, Fa’’ala, Exegesis "Tafsir").
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Citation
ياغي، أنوار زياد. (2025). معاني صيغَتَيْ (أفعل) و(فَعَّلَ) في القرآن الكريم اتحادًا واختلافًا "دراسة تحليلية بيانية" [رسالة ماجستير غير منشورة]. جامعة القدس.