القدس في المفاوضات العربية - الإسرائيلية من عام 1947 وحتى عام 2000
Date
2005-05-17
Authors
مصباح محمد أحمد البابا
Musbah Mohammed Ahmed El-Baba
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
AL-Quds University
جامعة القدس
جامعة القدس
Abstract
Jerusalem consider as a cradle of the three mouthiest
religiousness, because of it contains worship places, holy sites,
ancient monument religious, as proceeds gives the city a
religious property, there were reasons for a conflict between the
religious followers and there dominance the city,
Lastly the Moslems seized the city which persisted 1250
years until the beginning of the twentieth century whereas the
stage of the western country especially the British colony.
As mentioned above appear that the conflict is a historical
continuous during historical era, the used of the historical
methods research, the historical information's, for studding the
problem and reaching the research results, and achieving the
research target which would prove that the Israel’s withdrawal
from eastern Jerusalem then make it a capital of Palestine
independent state is successfulness peace process in the middle
east.
The Ottoman seized the city at the beginning of the
sixteenth century, they limited there interests in the religious
sides, the situation still alike, until the middle of the nineteenth
century whereas the Jerusalem city shifted as a Sanjaq, "region",
following the interior Ottoman minister.
The Europeans states especially the super power had their
greediness in the orient, and their aspirations to got a foot hood
in Jerusalem, they gained a distinctions from the Ottoman
government entitled them protect one Christian sect in
Jerusalem and all Palestine.
At last quarter of the nineteenth century appeared the
Jewish interests in Palestine especially Jerusalem, these shifted
as a greediness by the Zionist movement, and because of
Jerusalem is there cradle religious, there aspiration resource,
religious attraction means the Zionist movement do immigration
to the Jewish people from hall the world to settled in Palestine
and especially in Jerusalem
The Jewish immigration waves to Palestine in general to
Jerusalem in particular ,and the lands confiscation capturing was a main cause of violence revolutions breaking out in Palestine
against Jewish settlers and there greediness at the city.
These reasons carry out the 1948 war between Jewish
organization and Arab, so they won the war, they captured more
than 3/4 of historical Palestine area, more than 1/2 Jerusalem
city, then the city became the most deferent issue between the
conflicted sides, and the most complicated negotiations
question, which was and still insurgent loosen.
The negotiation considers as a means of loosen the
deference between the conflicted edges; its aim is reaching settle
agreement to satisfy the intended sides.
Negotiation process runs on Jerusalem after 1948 war
between several edges, the first one was between king Abdullah,
and the Jewish agency, he confessed the western Jerusalem was
Israeli, so that the Israel will confess him the eastern Jerusalem,
he negotiated also on a passage to the wailing wall "weeping
wall" instead of returning some Arab neighborhoods in western
Jerusalem, but Israel didn't carry out what did they agreed on.
However King Hussein, during his secret meetings or
negotiations with Israelis, he demands the returning of eastern
Jerusalem to his domain, until Madrid conference 1991 king
Hussein didn't reach a Jerusalem settlement with Israel, after
that they reached an agreement which kept a role for Jordan in
Jerusalem; that was care the holy sites,
So a negotiations runs on Jerusalem between Egypt and
Israel, president Nasser proposed to resolve the Middle East
question it was the implementation of the UN decision 181, then
annexed Jerusalem and Naqaf to the Arab state, President Sadat
negotiated Israel, he demanded Israeli withdrawals form
Jerusalem city and Arab control on the Mosque Islamic holy
sites instead of keeping the city united, but Israel’s rigidity
prevent reaching a Jerusalem agreement.
The first intefada 1987, the second gulf war and Iraq
defeated, the collapse of the Soviet Union, all of these were
main role of starting the peace process in the region once again,
resumed Madrid conference and the participation of Palestinians
from the occupied territories 1967.
After Madrid, rounds of openness negotiations between
Palestinians and Israelis started at Washington, Jerusalem issue
was presented at every round, but the tow sides did not reach a
result on the city.
Wherever secret negotiation in Oslo, the two sides agreed
to postponed Jerusalem question to the permanent status
negotiations, that resumed at Camp David 2000, they negotiated
Jerusalem issue, the Palestine delegation persisted on Israel
withdrawal from Jerusalem up to border of 1949 armistice line,
but the Israelis rejected that and proposed dividing Jerusalem in
three parts, first the external neighborhoods under Palestinian
control, internal neighborhoods under Israeli sovereignty and
Palestinian self government, the old city also divided in three
parts with several sovereignties, the Camp David 2000
negotiations ended with out reaching Jerusalem agreement, the
tow sides runs a Taba, Sharm Al-Sheikh Jerusalem…
negotiations but all failed.
There is Israelis contentment with there deferent
relationship, political ideological to non abandonment Jerusalem
or any part of it, because they believe that Jerusalem is a
resource of their ideology and a cradle of there culture.
The negotiations runs between Israel and three official
Arab sides, to achieve a regional peace agreement, and
Jerusalem’s issue settle agreement, failed because of Israel
inflexibility non readiness of independent Palestinian state
acceptance on the occupied territories ( west bank, Gaza strip)
during the war 1967 and the eastern Jerusalem its capital .
The successfulness base of any peace proposal between
Israel and the intendeds Arab sides is the establishment of
independent Palestinian state on the West bank and Gaza strip
territories, and as none eastern Jerusalem its capital.
Description
Keywords
الدراسات الاقليمية , Regional Studies