العلنية والجريمة في التشريع الجزائي الفلسطيني
Date
2024-01-28
Authors
فريد احمد فريد القطب
FARID AHMAD FARID ALQOTOB
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
عالجت هذه الدراسة العلنية والجريمة في التشريع الجزائي الفلسطيني على الصعيد الموضوعي ضمن دراسة تحليلية للتشريعات الجنائية الفلسطينية، وركزت الدراسة على تحليل قواعد التجريم وقواعد العقاب وقواعد المسؤولية الجنائية بالإضافة إلى إجراءات التنفيذ العقابي في جرائم العلنية. وتتمثل إشكالية الدراسة في الآتي: ما الدور الذي تلعبه العلنية في البنيان القانوني للجريمة؟، حيث جرى الإجابة على الإشكالية الرئيسية من خلال تقسيم الدراسة إلى فصلين: عالج الفصل الأول: العلنية موضوع الاعتداء على المصلحة المحمية جزائياً، وناقش هذا الفصل موضوع العلنية باعتبارها مسوغاً لتدخل المشرع لحماية المصالح الفردية والاجتماعية، وعالج موضوع العلنية باعتبارها مبرراً لتدخل المشرع في حماية المصالح الاقتصادية والعامة. بينما عالج الفصل الثاني: العلنية وأثره على الجزاء الجنائي وتنفيذه، وتناول بيان أثر العلنية على نفاذ أحكام قانون العقوبات، وعالج أثر العلنية على إجراءات تنفيذ العقوبة الجزائية.
خلصت الدراسة إلى اعتبار جرائم العلنية ذات خصوصية وطبيعة خاصة، تتجلى هذه الخصوصية انطلاقاً من اعتبارها جرائم مادية يكفي لقيامها ارتكاب الفعل المادي المحظور دون الحاجة لإثبات قصد أو خطأ، فالعلم بالقانون مفترض بقرينة قاطعة لا تقبل إثبات العكس، وبالتالي فلا يقبل الدفع بالجهل أو الغلط في القانون كذريعة لنفي القصد الجنائي عن الجرائم العلنية، مما يعني ان الركن المعنوي في الجرائم العلنية مفترض، فهذه الصفة جعلت الجرائم العلنية تخرج عن المبادئ العامة في القانون الجنائي، وذلك لكونها تشمل جرائم تمس بالمصالح العامة للمجتمع والمصالح الخاصة للأفراد.
كما توصلت الدراسة إلى ان المشرع لم ينظم جرائم العلنية ولم ويوضح الإطار القانوني الناظم لها، مما شكل أحد الصعوبات في هذه الدراسة كون النصوص القانونية التي تتضمن جرائم العلنية نصوصاً مبعثرة ومتفرعة بين قانون العقوبات والتشريعات الجنائية الثانوية المكملة له، لذلك توصي هذه الدراسة بلفت انتباه المشرع إلى هذه المسألة وتقنين جرائم العلنية موضوعياً واجرائياً ضمن تشريع خاص بها، كما حرياً بالمشرع اتباع سياسة واضحة في فرض الجزاء الجنائي على الجرائم التي تتحقق فيها العلنية واعتماد سياسة التجريم في العقاب، واعتبار العلنية ظرفاً مشدداً في التجريم.
This study addressed the issues of publicity and crime in Palestinian criminal legislation on an objective level through an analytical study of Palestinian criminal laws. The study focuses on analyzing the principles of criminalization, punishment, and criminal responsibility, in addition to the punitive implementation procedures for public crimes. The problem statement of the study revolved around the role of publicity in the legal framework of crime. The main problem is addressed by dividing the study into two chapters: The first chapter addresses publicity as an attack on legally protected interests, discussing it as a justification for legislative intervention to protect individual and societal interests, as well as a justification for legislative intervention in protecting economic and public interests. The second chapter addresses publicity and its impact on criminal punishment and enforcement, elucidating the impact of publicity on the enforceability of provisions of the Penal Code, and addressing the impact of publicity on procedures for the enforcement of criminal punishment. The study concludes that public crimes possess specificity and a unique nature. This uniqueness stems from considering them as material crimes, where the commission of the prohibited act alone is sufficient without the need to prove intent or negligence. Knowledge of the law is presumed conclusively, and therefore ignorance or mistake of law cannot be invoked as a justification to negate criminal intent in public crimes. This means that the mental element in public crimes is presumed. This characteristic has led public crimes to deviate from general principles in criminal law, as they include offenses that affect both the public interests of society and the private interests of individuals. The study also found that the legislator has not regulated public crimes nor clarified the legal framework governing them. This constituted one of the difficulties in this study, as the legal texts containing public crimes are scattered and branched between the Penal Code and supplementary criminal legislation. Therefore, the study recommends drawing the legislator's attention to this issue and regulating public crimes objectively and procedurally within specific legislation. Additionally, it is essential for the legislator to adopt a clear policy in imposing criminal penalties on crimes where publicity is established, and to adopt a policy of criminalization in punishment, considering publicity as an aggravating circumstance in criminalization.
This study addressed the issues of publicity and crime in Palestinian criminal legislation on an objective level through an analytical study of Palestinian criminal laws. The study focuses on analyzing the principles of criminalization, punishment, and criminal responsibility, in addition to the punitive implementation procedures for public crimes. The problem statement of the study revolved around the role of publicity in the legal framework of crime. The main problem is addressed by dividing the study into two chapters: The first chapter addresses publicity as an attack on legally protected interests, discussing it as a justification for legislative intervention to protect individual and societal interests, as well as a justification for legislative intervention in protecting economic and public interests. The second chapter addresses publicity and its impact on criminal punishment and enforcement, elucidating the impact of publicity on the enforceability of provisions of the Penal Code, and addressing the impact of publicity on procedures for the enforcement of criminal punishment. The study concludes that public crimes possess specificity and a unique nature. This uniqueness stems from considering them as material crimes, where the commission of the prohibited act alone is sufficient without the need to prove intent or negligence. Knowledge of the law is presumed conclusively, and therefore ignorance or mistake of law cannot be invoked as a justification to negate criminal intent in public crimes. This means that the mental element in public crimes is presumed. This characteristic has led public crimes to deviate from general principles in criminal law, as they include offenses that affect both the public interests of society and the private interests of individuals. The study also found that the legislator has not regulated public crimes nor clarified the legal framework governing them. This constituted one of the difficulties in this study, as the legal texts containing public crimes are scattered and branched between the Penal Code and supplementary criminal legislation. Therefore, the study recommends drawing the legislator's attention to this issue and regulating public crimes objectively and procedurally within specific legislation. Additionally, it is essential for the legislator to adopt a clear policy in imposing criminal penalties on crimes where publicity is established, and to adopt a policy of criminalization in punishment, considering publicity as an aggravating circumstance in criminalization.