قواعد الضوابط الفقهية المتعلقة باليمن القضائية وتطبيقاتها في مسائل الاحكام الشخصية
Date
2023-08-26
Authors
بيان خضر محمد أبو سنينة
Bayan Khader Mohammad Abu-Sneneh
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
تعتبر اليمين من أهم وسائل الإثبات وأكثرها استخدامًا في زماننا الحاضر، ونظرًا لكثرة الحالات التي يعجز فيها المدعي عن الإتيان بالبينة، فقد جاءت هذه الدراسة تبين القواعد والضوابط الفقهية المتعلقة باليمين وتذكر بعض التطبيقات في الأحوال الشخصية المنطبقة على كل قاعدة من قواعد اليمين المذكورة في الدراسة على حده، وقد اشتملت الدراسة على أربعة فصول، تناولت الباحثة في الفصل الأول معنى اليمين القضائية وشروطها وأنواعها، وذكرت نبذة عن القواعد والضوابط الفقهية والفرق بينهما، فالقاعدة أعم وأوسع من الضابط وبالتالي هي أكثر شذوذًا منه وذلك لاستثناء بعض التطبيقات منها، ونظرًا لتناولها العديد من الفروع الفقهية بينما الضابط يقتصر على باب فقهي واحد، والقاعدة تُصاغ بعبارات موجزة بينما الضابط يحتاج إلى جمل وفقرات.وقد اشتمل الفصل الثاني على مجموعة من القواعد الفقهية المتعلقة بأركان اليمين وتطبيقاتها في الأحوال الشخصية، مع بيان معنى كل قاعدة وتأصيلها كما سيظهر لاحقًا في صفحات هذه الرسالة.
أما الفصل الثالث فقد اشتمل على القواعد الفقهية المتعلقة ببعض أحكام اليمين وتطبيقاتها في الأحوال الشخصية، ومن هذه القواعد: قاعدة "لا تحليف مع البينة" أي بوجود البينة لا تصح اليمين؛ لأن البينة أساس واليمين بدل.أما الفصل الرابع فقد تناول القواعد الفقهية المتعلقة بالنكول واليمين وتطبيقاتها في الأحوال الشخصية أيضًا من خلال أربعة مطالب كما هو مذكور في خطة هذه الدراسة.أما الخاتمة فقد اشتملت على أهم النتائج والتوصيات التي توصلت إليها الباحثة من خلال بحثها، ومنها: أنه لا يصح التورية في اليمين على خلاف نية القاضي أو من له التحليف وذلك باتفاق الفقهاء وانعقاد إجماع الأمة الإسلامية على ذلك.وأخيرًا توصي الباحثة بعقد جلسة سرية مع الحالف قبل حلفه اليمين لتوعيته بعواقب الحلف الكاذب الذي يغمس صاحبه في النار، وتذكيره أن مال الدنيا جميعه لا يغني من الآخرة شيئًا.
The oath is considered one of the most important means of proof and the most widely used in our time, and due to the large number of cases in which the plaintiff is unable to provide evidence, this study came to show the jurisprudential rules and controls related to the oath and to mention some applications in personal status that apply to each of the rules of the oath mentioned in the study separately, through researching it in four chapters, the researcher dealt in the first chapter with the meaning of the judicial oath, its conditions and types, and mentioned an overview of the jurisprudential rules and regulations and the difference between them, the rule is more general and broader than the control, and therefore it is more abnormal than it, it deals with many branches of jurisprudence, while the control is limited to one branch of jurisprudence, and the rule is formulated in brief phrases, while the control needs sentences and paragraphs. The second chapter included the jurisprudential rules related to the elements of the oath and their applications in personal status. The researcher explained the meaning and rooting of each rule, as will come with us later in the pages of this thesis. As for the third chapter, it included the jurisprudential rules related to some of the provisions of oaths and their applications in personal status, and among these rules: the rule of “no oath with evidence”, that is, with the presence of evidence, the oath is not valid; Because evidence is the basis and the oath is an allowance. As for the fourth chapter, it dealt with the jurisprudential rules related to renunciation and oaths, and their applications in personal status as well, through four demands, as mentioned in the plan of this study. This study concluded with a comprehensive conclusion on the most important recommendations and findings of the researcher through her research, including: It is not valid to pun in the oath contrary to the intention of the judge or the one who has the oath, with the agreement of the jurists and the consensus of the Islamic nation on that. Finally, the researcher recommends holding a secret session with the swearer before he takes the oath to make him aware of the consequences of a false oath that plunges its owner into the fire, and to remind him that all the money of this world does not avail anything from the hereafter.
The oath is considered one of the most important means of proof and the most widely used in our time, and due to the large number of cases in which the plaintiff is unable to provide evidence, this study came to show the jurisprudential rules and controls related to the oath and to mention some applications in personal status that apply to each of the rules of the oath mentioned in the study separately, through researching it in four chapters, the researcher dealt in the first chapter with the meaning of the judicial oath, its conditions and types, and mentioned an overview of the jurisprudential rules and regulations and the difference between them, the rule is more general and broader than the control, and therefore it is more abnormal than it, it deals with many branches of jurisprudence, while the control is limited to one branch of jurisprudence, and the rule is formulated in brief phrases, while the control needs sentences and paragraphs. The second chapter included the jurisprudential rules related to the elements of the oath and their applications in personal status. The researcher explained the meaning and rooting of each rule, as will come with us later in the pages of this thesis. As for the third chapter, it included the jurisprudential rules related to some of the provisions of oaths and their applications in personal status, and among these rules: the rule of “no oath with evidence”, that is, with the presence of evidence, the oath is not valid; Because evidence is the basis and the oath is an allowance. As for the fourth chapter, it dealt with the jurisprudential rules related to renunciation and oaths, and their applications in personal status as well, through four demands, as mentioned in the plan of this study. This study concluded with a comprehensive conclusion on the most important recommendations and findings of the researcher through her research, including: It is not valid to pun in the oath contrary to the intention of the judge or the one who has the oath, with the agreement of the jurists and the consensus of the Islamic nation on that. Finally, the researcher recommends holding a secret session with the swearer before he takes the oath to make him aware of the consequences of a false oath that plunges its owner into the fire, and to remind him that all the money of this world does not avail anything from the hereafter.
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Citation
أبو سنينة، بيان خضر. (2023). قواعد الضوابط الفقهية المتعلقة باليمن القضائية وتطبيقاتها في مسائل الاحكام
الشخصية [رسالة ماجستير منشورة، جامعة القدس، فلسطين]. المستودع الرقمي لجامعة القدس. https://arab-
scholars.com/056870