مدى انتشار الضّغوط النّفسيّة وعلاقتها بالاحتراق الوظيفي لدى معلمي/ات الصّف الأوّل الأساسي في المدارس الخاصّة في بيت لحم
Date
2024-01-31
Authors
جهان يوسف جادالله البندك
Jihan Youseph Jadalla Albandak
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
إن الضّغوط المهنية التي يواجهها المعلّم/ة في مهنة التعليم تؤثر بشكل كبير في نشوء الضّغوط النّفسيّة لديهم، وفي حال عدم مقدرة المعلّم/ة على السّيطرة والتّكيف مع تلك الضّغوط نتيجة وجود عدد من العوامل المساهمة في ذلك فإنه يكون عرضة للوصول إلى مرحلة الاحتراق الوظيفي. وعليه، هدفت هذه الدّراسة إلى فحص العلاقة بين الضّغوطات النّفسيّة لدى معلمي/ات الصّف الأوّل الأساسي في المدارس الخاصّة في محافظة بيت لحم وارتباطها بمستوى الاحتراق الوظيفي لديهم، واعتمدت الباحثة لتحقيق هذا الهدف المنهج الوصفي الارتباطي. وتكون مجتمع الدّراسة من جميع معلمي/ات الصّف الأوّل والمعلمين/ات الذين يدّرسون الصّف الأول وغيره من الصّفوف، في (36) مدرسة خاصة في بيت لحم، وقد تم جمع المعلومات من قبل جميع أفراد المجتمع وعددهم (180) مشاركًا ومشاركة، باستخدام طريقة المسح الشامل. أمّا أداة الدّراسة فهي الاستبانة، والمكونة من مقياس الضّغوطات النّفسيّة، ومقياس الاحتراق الوظيفي. وقد تحققت الباحثة من صدق الأداة وثباتها من خلال استخدام Cronbach’s Alfa, Pearson coloration وعرض الاستبيان على خمس محكمين.
وفيما يتعلق بالنتائج فقد أظهرت الدّراسة أنّ مستوى الضّغوطات النّفسيّة لدى معلمي/ات الصّف الأوّل كان متوسطاً، وفيما يتعلق بمجالات الضّغوط النّفسيّة فقد كانت جميعها متوسطة، وبالترتيب فقد حصل المجال الشخصي على المرتبة الأولى، ومن ثم المجال الاقتصادي، ومجال الصّحة، ومجال الأسرة، ومجال العمل. وفيما يتعلق بمستوى الاحتراق الوظيفي فقد بينت النتائج أن مستوى الاحتراق الوظيفي كان مستوى بدرجة متوسطة لدى معلمي/ات الصّف الأوّل في المدارس الخاصّة في محافظة بيت لحم، وفيما يتعلق بمجالات الاحتراق الوظيفي فقد كان مستوى مجال الاحتراق متوسط، ومجال تبدد الشخصية عالياً، أما مجال الإنجازات الشخصية فقد كان مستواها منخفضاً.
وأظهرت الدّراسة وجود فروقات ذات دلالة إحصائيّة في الضّغوطات النّفسيّة بين معلمي/ات الصّف الأوّل في المدارس الخاصّة في محافظة بيت لحم تبعًا لمتغير العمر لصالح الفئة العمرية (22-29 سنة)، وسنوات الخبرة لصالح من لديهم خبرة بين 10-15 سنة، والدخل الإجمالي للأسرة لصالح المشاركين ممن دخلهم 4000 شيكل وأكثر، ومكان السكن لصالح سكان المدن، والجنس لصالح الإناث، أما المتغيرات الديمغرافية الأخرى لم تكن ذات دلالة. إضافة إلى وجود فروقات ذات دلالة إحصائيّة في الاحتراق الوظيفي بين معلمي/ات الصّف الأوّل في المدارس الخاصّة في محافظة بيت لحم فيما يتعلق بالعمر لصالح الفئة العمرية (22-29 سنة)، وسنوات الخبرة لصالح المشاركين ذوي سنوات الخبرة (أقل من 5 سنوات)، ومكان السكن لصالح سكان المدن، والجنس لصالح الإناث، أما باقي المتغيرات فلم تكن ذات دلالة. وأشارت نتائج الدّراسة إلى أن هنالك علاقة ارتباط إيجابية إحصائيّة بين الضّغوطات النّفسيّة والاحتراق الوظيفي لدى معلمي/ات ومعلمات الصّف الأوّل في المدارس الخاصّة من وجهة نظرهم؛ أي كلما زادت درجة الضّغوطات النّفسيّة زادت درجة الاحتراق الوظيفي للمعلمين/ات، والعكس صحيح.
وقد أوصت الباحثة بعدد من التوصيات في مقدّمتها: ضرورة تنظيم ورشات عمل ودورات تدريبية لإرشاد معلمي/ات الصّف الأوّل بشكل خاص من الناحية النّفسيّة، لتثقيف معلمي/ات المرحلة الابتدائية حول كيفية توظيف الأساليب الحديثة في مواجهة الضّغوطات النّفسيّة وزيادة الدافعية للعمل. وتهيئة مناخ تعليمي جيد ومناسب.
Professional pressures faced by a teacher in the teaching profession have a significant impact on their mental state. If the teacher is unable to control and adapt to these pressures, he or she will be vulnerable to distress, burnout, and other psychological problems. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the relationship between the psychological stressors of the teachers who teach first grade in private schools in Bethlehem Governorate and the relationship to their level of burnout. To achieve this goal, the researcher adopted the correlative descriptive design. The study population consists of all the teachers of first grade and teachers who teach first-grade students and other grades, at thirty-six private schools in Bethlehem. Information was collected by the one hundred and eighty participants representing the total community, using the questionnaire method. The study tool consists of three parts; the first includes demographic and non-demographic variables, the second comprises the psychological stress scale (Cohen et al., 1983), and the third part includes the burnout scale (Maslach Burnout Inventory for Educators-MSI, 1997). The researcher assured the validity and reliability and consistency of the tool by using Cronbach’s Alfa, Pearson coloration, and the questionnaire was presented to five arbitrators With regard to the results, the study showed that the level of psychological stress of teachers who teach first-grade students in Bethlehem was moderate. In the areas of stress, which all were moderate, domains were ranked in the following categories: the top rank is the personal followed by economic, health, family and employment. With regard to the level of burnout, the results showed that the level of functional burnout was moderate for teachers of first grades in private schools in Bethlehem governorate. In the areas of functional burnout, its level was average, the area of personal dissipation was high and the area of personal achievement was low. Moreover, the study shows statistical significant differences in psychological stressors between teachers of the first grade in private schools in Bethlehem governorate depending on the age variable in favour of the age group (22-29 years), years of experience in favour of those with 10-15 years of experience; total family income in favour of the participants with income of 4,000 NIS (New Israeli shekels), place of residence in favour of citizens who live in urban areas, sex in favor of females, and other demographic variables were not significant. In addition, there are statistically significant differences of burnout between first-grade teachers in private schools in Bethlehem governorate with regard in favour to age group (22-29 years), years of experience for experienced participants (less than 5 years) in favour of citizens who live in urban areas, sex for females, while the rest of the variables were not significant. The study's findings indicated that there was a statistically positive correlation between psychological stresses and burnout among teachers of first-class in private schools from their perspective; that is, the higher the degree of psychological stress, the higher the degree of burnout. The researcher came up with some relevant recommendations such as the need to organize workshops and training courses to guide teachers of the first grade in particular to educate them on how to use modern methods to confront physiological stress and increase motivation for action, in addition to create a good and appropriate educational climate
Professional pressures faced by a teacher in the teaching profession have a significant impact on their mental state. If the teacher is unable to control and adapt to these pressures, he or she will be vulnerable to distress, burnout, and other psychological problems. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the relationship between the psychological stressors of the teachers who teach first grade in private schools in Bethlehem Governorate and the relationship to their level of burnout. To achieve this goal, the researcher adopted the correlative descriptive design. The study population consists of all the teachers of first grade and teachers who teach first-grade students and other grades, at thirty-six private schools in Bethlehem. Information was collected by the one hundred and eighty participants representing the total community, using the questionnaire method. The study tool consists of three parts; the first includes demographic and non-demographic variables, the second comprises the psychological stress scale (Cohen et al., 1983), and the third part includes the burnout scale (Maslach Burnout Inventory for Educators-MSI, 1997). The researcher assured the validity and reliability and consistency of the tool by using Cronbach’s Alfa, Pearson coloration, and the questionnaire was presented to five arbitrators With regard to the results, the study showed that the level of psychological stress of teachers who teach first-grade students in Bethlehem was moderate. In the areas of stress, which all were moderate, domains were ranked in the following categories: the top rank is the personal followed by economic, health, family and employment. With regard to the level of burnout, the results showed that the level of functional burnout was moderate for teachers of first grades in private schools in Bethlehem governorate. In the areas of functional burnout, its level was average, the area of personal dissipation was high and the area of personal achievement was low. Moreover, the study shows statistical significant differences in psychological stressors between teachers of the first grade in private schools in Bethlehem governorate depending on the age variable in favour of the age group (22-29 years), years of experience in favour of those with 10-15 years of experience; total family income in favour of the participants with income of 4,000 NIS (New Israeli shekels), place of residence in favour of citizens who live in urban areas, sex in favor of females, and other demographic variables were not significant. In addition, there are statistically significant differences of burnout between first-grade teachers in private schools in Bethlehem governorate with regard in favour to age group (22-29 years), years of experience for experienced participants (less than 5 years) in favour of citizens who live in urban areas, sex for females, while the rest of the variables were not significant. The study's findings indicated that there was a statistically positive correlation between psychological stresses and burnout among teachers of first-class in private schools from their perspective; that is, the higher the degree of psychological stress, the higher the degree of burnout. The researcher came up with some relevant recommendations such as the need to organize workshops and training courses to guide teachers of the first grade in particular to educate them on how to use modern methods to confront physiological stress and increase motivation for action, in addition to create a good and appropriate educational climate
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Citation
البندك، جهان يوسف. (2024). مدى انتشار الضّغوط النّفسيّة وعلاقتها بالاحتراق الوظيفي لدى معلمي/ات الصّف الأوّل الأساسي في المدارس الخاصّة في بيت لحم [رسالة ماجستير منشورة، جامعة القدس، فلسطين]. المستودع الرقمي لجامعة القدس.