الاختصاص التفسيري للمحكمة الدستورية (دراسة مقارنة)
Date
2023-08-21
Authors
محمد علي سالم احميدان
Muhamad Eali Salim Ahmaydan
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Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
إذا شاب الغموض الحياة القانونية اضطربت معالمها بصفة خاصة، وإزالة الغموض من القاعدة القانونية يكون من خلال تفسيرها، وللقيام بمهمة تفسير النص التشريعي يتعين وجود جهة مختصة بهذه المهمة، فاختص القضاء الدستوري بمهمة تفسير النصوص القانونية.
وانطلاقاً من ارتباط فكرة القضاء الدستوري بفكرة إخضاع أعمال السلطات كافة لقواعد دستورية، فقد اختص القضاء الدستوري بمهمة التفسير والذي يجد أساسه في طبيعة عمل القاضي التي تفرض عليه تفسير النص قبل إعمال حكمه فيه، فأصبح القضاء الدستوري المتمثل في المحاكم الدستورية الحامي التقليدي لقواعد الوثيقة الدستورية، فكان الهدف الأسمى من إنشاء القضاء الدستوري احترام الدستور وعدم مخالفته من قبل القوانين التنظيمية والعادية الأدنى منه.
وتنبع أهمية التفسير من كونه أداة فعّالة لتقريب القانون إلى الواقع، ونقله من صورة مجردة إلى صورة ملموسة، كما يعمل التفسير على تكييف القانون مع الحاجات المستجدة، والقضايا المُلحة في ساحات القضاء.
واستناداً للأهمية التي يتمتع بها موضوع تفسير النص التشريعي، فقد تطرق الفقه الدستوري إلى الإجراءات التي يتم من خلالها تقديم طلب التفسير والأساس القانوني الذي تنطلق منه، وتحديد آلية قانونية معينة تضع تفسير النص التشريعي موضع التنفيذ، لما له من إلزامية وحجية في مواجهة الكافة وما يترتب عليه من آثار وهو ما سار عليه المشرع الفلسطيني والمشرع المصري على حدٍ سواء.
وقد حرصنا من خلال هذه الدراسة تسليط الضوء على مكامن الغموض والقصور التي اعترت أحكام موضوع الاختصاص التفسيري للمحكمة الدستورية العليا الفلسطينية، وذلك من خلال ما اتبعناه من منهجية قائمة علـى الدراسة التحليلية المقارنة مع جمهورية مصر العربية
If ambiguity marred the legal life, its features were disturbed in particular, and the removal of ambiguity from the legal rule is through its interpretation, and in order to carry out the task of interpreting the legislative text, there must be a competent authority for this task, so the constitutional judiciary is concerned with the task of interpreting constitutional texts. And based on the connection of the idea of the constitutional judiciary with the idea of subjecting the actions of all authorities to constitutional rules, the constitutional judiciary has specialized in the task of interpretation, which finds its basis in the nature of the judge’s work that requires him to interpret the text before implementing his ruling in it, so the constitutional judiciary represented by the constitutional courts has become the traditional protector of the rules of the constitutional document, The ultimate goal of the establishment of the constitutional judiciary was to respect the constitution and not violate it by the regulatory and ordinary laws that are lower than it. The importance of interpretation stems from its being an effective tool for bringing the law closer to reality, and transferring it from an abstract image to a concrete one. Interpretation also works to adapt the law to emerging needs and urgent issues in the courts. Based on the importance of the subject of interpreting the legislative text, constitutional jurisprudence has touched on the procedures through which the request for interpretation is submitted and the legal basis from which it is based, and the identification of a specific legal mechanism that puts the interpretation of the legislative text into practice, because of its mandatory and authoritative vis-à-vis all and the consequences It has implications, and this is what the Palestinian and Egyptian legislators followed alike. We have been keen, through this study, to shed light on the sources of ambiguity and shortcomings that afflicted the provisions of the subject of the interpretive jurisdiction of the Palestinian Supreme Constitutional Court, through the methodology that we followed based on the comparative analytical study with the Arab Republic of Egypt.
If ambiguity marred the legal life, its features were disturbed in particular, and the removal of ambiguity from the legal rule is through its interpretation, and in order to carry out the task of interpreting the legislative text, there must be a competent authority for this task, so the constitutional judiciary is concerned with the task of interpreting constitutional texts. And based on the connection of the idea of the constitutional judiciary with the idea of subjecting the actions of all authorities to constitutional rules, the constitutional judiciary has specialized in the task of interpretation, which finds its basis in the nature of the judge’s work that requires him to interpret the text before implementing his ruling in it, so the constitutional judiciary represented by the constitutional courts has become the traditional protector of the rules of the constitutional document, The ultimate goal of the establishment of the constitutional judiciary was to respect the constitution and not violate it by the regulatory and ordinary laws that are lower than it. The importance of interpretation stems from its being an effective tool for bringing the law closer to reality, and transferring it from an abstract image to a concrete one. Interpretation also works to adapt the law to emerging needs and urgent issues in the courts. Based on the importance of the subject of interpreting the legislative text, constitutional jurisprudence has touched on the procedures through which the request for interpretation is submitted and the legal basis from which it is based, and the identification of a specific legal mechanism that puts the interpretation of the legislative text into practice, because of its mandatory and authoritative vis-à-vis all and the consequences It has implications, and this is what the Palestinian and Egyptian legislators followed alike. We have been keen, through this study, to shed light on the sources of ambiguity and shortcomings that afflicted the provisions of the subject of the interpretive jurisdiction of the Palestinian Supreme Constitutional Court, through the methodology that we followed based on the comparative analytical study with the Arab Republic of Egypt.
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Citation
احميدان، محمد علي. (2023). الاختصاص التفسيري للمحكمة الدستورية (دراسة مقارنة) [رسالة ماجستير
منشورة، جامعة القدس، فلسطين]. المستودع الرقمي لجامعة القدس. https://arab-scholars.com/360062