القواعد والضوابط الفقهية المستخرجة من كتاب فتح القدير من كتاب الوكالة إلى كتاب المكاتبة
Date
2024-12-07
Authors
محمد أحمد موسى عبيات
Mohammad Ahmad Musa Abayyat
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
لقد دارت هذه الرسالة حول دراسة القواعد والضوابط في جزء من تكملة كتاب " فتح القدير" للإمام قاضي زادة ابن قودر أحد كبار علماء الحنفية في زمانه وعصره، وكان هذا الجزء جامعاً بين كتابة ابن الهمام حيث وافته المنّية بعد أن بدأ بكتابة أول خمس عشرة صفحة من كتاب الوكالة ثم جاء بعده قاضي زاده فأكمل من حيث توقف ابن الهمام، وكانت الدراسة من أول كتاب الوكالة إلى كتاب المكاتب، وهدفها جمع القواعد والضوابط الفقهية ثم معناها وتأصيلها وعزو بعض القواعد إلى أصحاب الكتب والمصنفات، ثم عرض تطبيقات لهذه القواعد والضوابط عند ابن قودر في تكملة فتح القدير وبيان رأيه ورأي مذهبه وآراء فقهاء المذاهب الأخرى.
يعتبر كتاب فتح القدير من الكتب المعتمدة في المذهب الحنفي، وهو شرح لكتاب الهداية للمرغيناني، ومن خلال دراستي لكتاب الوكالة حتى كتاب المكاتبة جمعت اثني وعشرين قاعدة واثني عشر ضابطا ذكرها ابن قودر وخرج عليها مسائل وفروعا، واعتمدت المنهج الاستقرائي التحليلي الذي سرت عليه في هذه الرسالة.
وبعد إتمام هذا البحث خلصت بعدة نتائج منها:
إن ابن قودر – رحمه الله- كان يورد ذكر القواعد والضوابط الفقهية من حيث الاستدلال بها والاستئناس بها على ما خرجه من أحكام فقهية، ومن أهم هذه النتائج أنه جمع بين الأصول والفروع وهذا يدل على فقهه وبراعته في هذا الباب.
وغالبا ما كانت آراء ابن قودر موافقة لرأي مذهبه الحنفي، ومع ذلك كان لا يكتفي ببيان رأي الحنفية وحدهم بل كان يهتم بذكر أقوال المذاهب من أجلاء الصحابة والتابعين، واعتنى كذلك بذكر أقوال المذاهب الفقهية من مالكية وشافعية وحنابلة.
المنزلة العظيمة للقواعد الفقهية واعتبارها حجة عند الفقهاء لمن قال بهذا القول من أهل العلم جعلها محط اهتمام وتركيز عند كل فقيه.
وبيان الأهمية البارزة للقواعد والضوابط الفقهية التي تعتبر من قواعد البناء لتثبيت الفقه الإسلامي في الأذهان، فلا يمكن لفقهي بأن يستثنيها أو لا يحتاجها.
وعليه فإنني أوصي طلبة العلم الشرعي بالاهتمام بكتب المذاهب الفقهية القديمة والبحث في قواعدها وضوابطها واستخراجها، والبحث في تطبيقاتها المعاصرة لما في ذلك من النفع العظيم في خدمة أبواب الفقه الإسلامي، وخاصة في مجال المعاملات والقضاء، فكان من الواجب أن يتفرغ لها طلبة العلم وأن يبذلوا جهدهم وطاقتهم في خدمة ذلك واستخراج ما بها من جواهر وفوائد وكنوز.
This thesis discussed the jurisprudential rules and controls from the book “Fath al-Qadir” by Imam Qadi Zadeh Ibn Qudar, one of the greatest Hanafi scholars. This part was a collection of the writings of Ibn al-Humam, who passed away after he had begun writing the first fifteen pages of the book of Al-wikaleh. Then Qadi Zadeh came after him and completed where Ibn al-Humam stopped. The study was from the beginning of the book of Al-wikaleh to the book of Mokataeh. Its goal was to collect the jurisprudential rules and controls, then their meaning and origins, and to attribute some of the rules to the writers, then to present applications of these rules and controls by Ibn Qudar in the supplement to Fath al-Qadir and to clarify his opinion, his doctrine’s thoughts and the opinions of the jurists of other doctrines. Fath al-Qadir is considered one of the reliable books in the Hanafi doctrine. It is an explanation of al-Hidayah by al-Marghinani. Through my study of the book of Al- wikaleh until the book of Mokatabeh, I collected twenty-two rules, and twelve regulations mentioned by Ibn Qudar, and he derived issues and branches from them. I followed the analytical inductive method in this thesis. After completing this research, I concluded with several results: Ibn Qudar - may God have mercy on him - was concerned with mentioning the rules and regulations of jurisprudence in terms of deducing and relying on them for the jurisprudential rulings he derived. One of the most important of these results is that he combined the principles and branches, which indicates his jurisprudence and his skill in this regard. Ibn Qudar's opinions were often in agreement with the opinion of his Hanafi doctrine. However, he was not satisfied with stating the opinion of the Hanafis alone but was interested in mentioning the doctrine’s quotes from the companions and followers. He also took care quoting from the jurisprudence doctrines of Malikis, Shafi'is and Hanbalis. Therefore, I recommend that students of Islamic law pay attention to jurisprudence-doctrine books and research their rules and controls and extract them, also research their contemporary applications, for the service of Islamic jurisprudence, especially in the field of transactions and the judiciary. It was necessary for students to devote themselves to it, exert their effort and energy in serving it and extracting the gems, benefits and treasures contained therein.
This thesis discussed the jurisprudential rules and controls from the book “Fath al-Qadir” by Imam Qadi Zadeh Ibn Qudar, one of the greatest Hanafi scholars. This part was a collection of the writings of Ibn al-Humam, who passed away after he had begun writing the first fifteen pages of the book of Al-wikaleh. Then Qadi Zadeh came after him and completed where Ibn al-Humam stopped. The study was from the beginning of the book of Al-wikaleh to the book of Mokataeh. Its goal was to collect the jurisprudential rules and controls, then their meaning and origins, and to attribute some of the rules to the writers, then to present applications of these rules and controls by Ibn Qudar in the supplement to Fath al-Qadir and to clarify his opinion, his doctrine’s thoughts and the opinions of the jurists of other doctrines. Fath al-Qadir is considered one of the reliable books in the Hanafi doctrine. It is an explanation of al-Hidayah by al-Marghinani. Through my study of the book of Al- wikaleh until the book of Mokatabeh, I collected twenty-two rules, and twelve regulations mentioned by Ibn Qudar, and he derived issues and branches from them. I followed the analytical inductive method in this thesis. After completing this research, I concluded with several results: Ibn Qudar - may God have mercy on him - was concerned with mentioning the rules and regulations of jurisprudence in terms of deducing and relying on them for the jurisprudential rulings he derived. One of the most important of these results is that he combined the principles and branches, which indicates his jurisprudence and his skill in this regard. Ibn Qudar's opinions were often in agreement with the opinion of his Hanafi doctrine. However, he was not satisfied with stating the opinion of the Hanafis alone but was interested in mentioning the doctrine’s quotes from the companions and followers. He also took care quoting from the jurisprudence doctrines of Malikis, Shafi'is and Hanbalis. Therefore, I recommend that students of Islamic law pay attention to jurisprudence-doctrine books and research their rules and controls and extract them, also research their contemporary applications, for the service of Islamic jurisprudence, especially in the field of transactions and the judiciary. It was necessary for students to devote themselves to it, exert their effort and energy in serving it and extracting the gems, benefits and treasures contained therein.
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Citation
عبيات، محمد أحمد. (2024). القواعد والضوابط الفقهية المستخرجة من كتاب فتح القدير من كتاب الوكالة إلى كتاب المكاتبة [رسالة ماجستير منشورة، جامعة القدس، فلسطين]. المستودع الرقمي لجامعة القدس.