جريمة تزييف العملة بين القانون الدولي والوطني
Date
2024-01-27
Authors
نزيه موسى عثمان ابريوش
Nazeeh Mousa Ibrawish
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
هَدَفَتْ هذه الدراسةُ إلى التعرُّفِ على أوجُهِ التعاوُنِ الدَّوليِّ في مواجَهةِ جريمةِ تزييف العُملة بين القانونين الوطنيِّ والدَّوليِّ. واستخدَمَ الباحثُ فيها المنهجَ الوصفيَّ الذي يعتمد على دراسة الظاهرة من خلال جَمْعِ المعلومات والبيانات عن موضوع البحث، كما اعتَمَدَ على المنهج التحليلي بغرض تحليل النصوص القانونية المحلية، والدولية، المرتبطة بهذا الموضوع، إضافةً إلى استخدام المنهج المقارن بغرض المقارنة بين النصوص القانونية العقابية المتعلقة بجريمة تزييف العملات في القانون النافذ في فِلَسطينَ مع ما جاء في المَواثيق، والقواعد الدَّوليَّة.
وخِتاماً تَوَصَّلَتِ الدراسةُ لِعِدَّةِ نتائجَ أهمُّها: أَنَّ جرائمَ تزييفِ العُملة تَخضَعُ في أحكامها للتعاون الدولي في إطار اتفاقية الأمم المتحدة لمكافحة الجريمة المنظَّمة عَبْرَ الحدود باعتبارها مِنَ الجرائم المنظَّمة. كما أنَّ تَبادُلَ المعلوماتِ وَنَقْلَ الإجراءاتِ أمرٌ غايةٌ في الأهمية في مكافحة جرائمِ تزييفِ العُملة، وذلك من خلال تنسيق المجهودات الدولية لضبط العصابات الدولية للتزييف، باعتبارِ أنَّ جريمةَ التزييف ذاتُ طابَعٍ دَوْلِيٍّ، إضافةً إلى أنَّ نظامَ تسليمِ المُجرمينَ يُعَدُّ إجراءً أساسيًّا في جرائمِ تزييفِ العملة، وعليه تستطيع الدولةُ أنْ تُقَدِّمَ طلبًا مِنَ الدَّولةِ الأخرى التي فَرَّ إليها مرتكبو جريمةِ التزييف طالبةً فيه تسليمَهُمْ هؤلاءِ المُجرمينَ. وفي إطار جرائمِ تزييفِ العملة تُعَدُّ الخبرةُ مِنْ أهمِّ وسائلِ الإثباتِ المُعتمَدِ عليها في كَشْفِ هذا النوع مِنَ الجرائمِ، حيث تَلعَبُ دَوراً مهمًّا في إثبات وُقُوعِ هذه الجريمة مِن خِلالِ تقديمِ الدليلِ على أنَّ العُملةَ غيرُ حقيقيَّةٍ، ومُزَيَّفَةٌ.
كذلك أَوْصَتِ الدراسةُ بِعِدَّةِ توصياتٍ أهمُّها: ضرورةُ التَّوَسُّعِ في أوجُهِ الحماية المطلوبة للعُملةِ الوطنية على المستوى الدَّوليِّ، ويكون ذلك مِن خلال مواكَبةِ التطورات التكنولوجية العالمية السريعة في مكافَحةِ هذا النوع مِنَ الجرائمِ التي ترتبط بجرائم أخرى تتفرع منها، وكذلك ضرورة أنْ تَقُومَ دولةُ فِلَسطينَ بالتوقيع والمصادَقة على الاتفاقية الدَّوليَّةِ لِمَنْعِ تزييفِ العُملةِ باعتبارِها مِنَ الاتفاقيات الأساسية في مكافَحةِ جريمةِ تزييفِ العُملةِ على المستوى الوطني والدَّولِيِّ على حَدٍّ سَواء، على أنْ يَتْبَعَ هذه الخطوةَ إنشاءُ مكتَبٍ مركزيٍّ للأبحاث المتعلقةِ بِتَزييفِ العُملةِ في فِلَسطينَ بما يُفيدُ في متابَعةِ ما يَسْتَجِدُّ مِن أحداثٍ عالَمِيَّةٍ حَوْلَ الكشف عن طريق تَتَبُّعِ الجُناةِ في جَرائمِ تزييفِ العُملة. ومِنَ الضروريِّ أيضًا توسيعُ دائرةِ التَّجريمِ؛ فَمِنْ خِلالِ ما تَقَدَّمَ نَجِدُ أنَّ هنالك قُصُوراً تشريعيًّا عن مُواجَهَةِ الجريمةِ المنظَّمة، ولا بُدَّ أنْ يُبادِرَ المُشَرِّعُ الفِلَسطينيُّ إلى تعديلِ قانونِ العقوباتِ لِتَلافِيْ خَطَرِ الجريمةِ المنظَّمة، أوْ أنْ يُبادِرَ المُشَرِّعُ الفِلَسطينيُّ إلى إِفرادِ قانونٍ خاصٍّ بِمَواجَهَةِ ومُكافَحةِ الجريمةِ المنظَّمةِ، وأنْ يَخْتَصَّ هذا القانونُ أيضاً بمواجَهةِ الجَماعاتِ المُنَظَّمَةِ، وأنْ يَسِيرَ المُشَرِّعُ الفِلَسطينيُّ على سَبيلِ المُشَرِّعَينِ الإِيطاليِّ والأمريكيِّ في التَّصدِّي لِلجَريمةِ المنظَّمة، وتَفادِيْ مَخاطِرِها.
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This study aimed to identify aspects of international cooperation in confronting the crime of counterfeiting currency between national and international law. The researcher used the descriptive method. Which depends on studying the phenomenon by collecting information and data on the subject of the research, and also relied on the analytical approach for the purpose of analyzing the local and international legal texts related to this topic, in addition to using the comparative approach for the purpose of comparing the punitive legal texts related to the crime of counterfeiting currencies in The law in force in Palestine is consistent with what is stated in international conventions and rules. In conclusion, the study reached several results, the most important of which are: currency-counterfeiting crimes are subject to international cooperation within the framework of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, as they are organized crimes. The exchange of information and the transfer of procedures is extremely important in combating counterfeiting currency crimes, through coordinating international efforts to control international counterfeiting gangs, given that the crime of counterfeiting is of an international nature, in addition to the fact that the extradition system is considered a basic procedure in counterfeiting currency crimes, and accordingly ; The state can submit a request from the other state to which the perpetrators of the counterfeiting crime fled, requesting their extradition of these criminals. In the context of counterfeiting currency crimes, experience is considered one of the most important means of proof relied upon in detecting this type of crime, as it plays an important role in proving the occurrence of this crime by providing evidence that the currency is not real and counterfeit. The study also recommended several recommendations, the most important of which are: the need to expand the aspects of protection required for the national currency at the international level, and this is done by keeping pace with rapid global technological developments in combating this type of crime, which is linked to other crimes that branch out from it, as well as the need for the State of Palestine to sign And the ratification of the International Convention for the Prevention of Counterfeiting Currency as one of the basic agreements in combating the crime of counterfeiting currency at the national and state levels alike, provided that this step is followed by the establishment of a central office for research on counterfeiting currency in Palestine, which will be useful in following up on new global events regarding detection. By tracking the perpetrators of counterfeit currency crimes. It is also necessary to expand the circle of criminalization. From the above, we find that there is a legislative deficiency in confronting organized crime. The Palestinian legislator must take the initiative to amend the Penal Code to avoid the threat of organized crime, or the Palestinian legislator must take the initiative to designate a special law to confront and combat organized crime, and this should be concerned with The law also confronts organized groups, and the Palestinian legislator should follow the example of Italian and American legislators in confronting organized crime and avoiding its dangers
This study aimed to identify aspects of international cooperation in confronting the crime of counterfeiting currency between national and international law. The researcher used the descriptive method. Which depends on studying the phenomenon by collecting information and data on the subject of the research, and also relied on the analytical approach for the purpose of analyzing the local and international legal texts related to this topic, in addition to using the comparative approach for the purpose of comparing the punitive legal texts related to the crime of counterfeiting currencies in The law in force in Palestine is consistent with what is stated in international conventions and rules. In conclusion, the study reached several results, the most important of which are: currency-counterfeiting crimes are subject to international cooperation within the framework of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, as they are organized crimes. The exchange of information and the transfer of procedures is extremely important in combating counterfeiting currency crimes, through coordinating international efforts to control international counterfeiting gangs, given that the crime of counterfeiting is of an international nature, in addition to the fact that the extradition system is considered a basic procedure in counterfeiting currency crimes, and accordingly ; The state can submit a request from the other state to which the perpetrators of the counterfeiting crime fled, requesting their extradition of these criminals. In the context of counterfeiting currency crimes, experience is considered one of the most important means of proof relied upon in detecting this type of crime, as it plays an important role in proving the occurrence of this crime by providing evidence that the currency is not real and counterfeit. The study also recommended several recommendations, the most important of which are: the need to expand the aspects of protection required for the national currency at the international level, and this is done by keeping pace with rapid global technological developments in combating this type of crime, which is linked to other crimes that branch out from it, as well as the need for the State of Palestine to sign And the ratification of the International Convention for the Prevention of Counterfeiting Currency as one of the basic agreements in combating the crime of counterfeiting currency at the national and state levels alike, provided that this step is followed by the establishment of a central office for research on counterfeiting currency in Palestine, which will be useful in following up on new global events regarding detection. By tracking the perpetrators of counterfeit currency crimes. It is also necessary to expand the circle of criminalization. From the above, we find that there is a legislative deficiency in confronting organized crime. The Palestinian legislator must take the initiative to amend the Penal Code to avoid the threat of organized crime, or the Palestinian legislator must take the initiative to designate a special law to confront and combat organized crime, and this should be concerned with The law also confronts organized groups, and the Palestinian legislator should follow the example of Italian and American legislators in confronting organized crime and avoiding its dangers
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Citation
ابريوش، نزيه موسى. (2024). جريمة تزييف العملة بين القانون الدولي والوطني [رسالة ماجستير منشورة، جامعة القدس، فلسطين]. المستودع الرقمي لجامعة القدس.