الموازنة بين المصلحة الخاصة والمصلحة العامة في براءات الاختراع
Date
2023-01-21
Authors
تالا شحدة موسى دودين
talah shahdat musaa dudin
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
يهدف النظام القانوني المتعلق ببراءة الاختراع الى توفير الحماية القانونية للاختراعات التي يتوصل اليها الانسان، وهذا النظام يخول صاحب الاختراع احتكار واستغلال الاختراع ، ولا يحصل المخترع على هذه الحماية الا من خلال اتباع الشروط اللازمة لتسجيل الاختراع، وقامت غالبية التشريعات بوضع استثناءات على حماية الاختراعات وذلك تحقيقا للموازنة بين المصلحة الخاصة والمصلحة العامة في براءة الاختراع.
يعرف الاختراع بأنه عبارة عن فكرة إبداعية يتوصل إليها المخترع في أي من مجالات التقنية، أما براءة الاختراع فهي عبارة عن الشهادة الممنوحة لحماية الاختراع. وفي فلسطين فإن القانون الناظم لبراءات الاختراع هو قانون امتيازات الاختراعات والرسوم الأردني رقم 22 لسنة 1953، وهذا القانون هو قانون قديم غير ناظم لكافة الجوانب المتعلقة لبراءات الاختراع وذلك نتيجة التغير والتطور الحاصل في كافة مناحي الحياة، ولعلاج النقص الحاصل في هذا القانون يتم الرجوع للقوانين والقواعد العامة الناظمة للملكية الفكرية. وتطرقت هذه الدراسة لموضوع الموازنة بين المصلحة الخاصة والمصلحة العامة في براءات الاختراع في القانون الفلسطيني والاتفاقيات الدولية ومقارنتها مع القانون الأردني وقد تم تقسيم هذه الدراسة الى فصلين. خصص الفصل الأول لدراسة مظاهر استغلال البراءة للمصلحة الخاصة وقسم الى مبحثين تناول المبحث الأول الحق في اكتساب براءة الاختراع والحق في حمايته أما المبحث الثاني فقد تناول حق الاستئثار والتصرف ببراءة الاختراع.
أما الفصل الثاني فقد خصص لدراسة مظاهر استغلال البراءة للمصلحة العامة وقسم الى مبحثين تناول المبحث الأول الترخيص الإجباري أما الفصل الثاني فقد تناول نزع استغلال البراءة للمنفعة العامة.
اتبع الباحث في هذه الدراسة المنهج التحليلي المقارنة من خلال تحليل النصوص القانونية الناظمة لبراءة الاختراع بالإضافة الى مقارنتها مع القانون الأردني والقانون المصري والجزائري في بعض الحالات.
The legal system related to the patent aims to provide legal protection for the inventions reached by man, and this system authorizes the owner of the invention to monopolize and exploit the invention. The inventor does not receive this protection except by following the necessary conditions for registering the invention, and most of the legislations has made exceptions to the protection of inventions in order to balance between the private interest and the public interest in the patent. An invention is defined as a creative idea reached by the inventor in any field of technology. A patent is a certificate granted to protect the invention. In Palestine, the law governing patents is the Jordanian Patents and Designs Law No. 22 of 1953, and this law is an old law that does not regulate all aspects related to patents, as a result of the change and development in all aspects of life. In order to remedy the shortage in this law, reference is made to the general laws and rules governing intellectual property. This study dealt with the issue of the balance between the private interest and the public interest in patents in the Palestinian law and international agreements, and comparing it with the Jordanian law. This study was divided into two chapters. The first chapter was devoted to the study of manifestations of exploitation of the patent for the private interest and was divided into two topics. The first topics dealt with the right to acquire a patent and the right to protect it, while the second topic dealt with the right of exclusivity and disposal of the patent. Meanwhile the second chapter, it was devoted to the study of manifestations of exploitation of the patent for the public interest, and it was divided into two topics, the first topic dealt with compulsory licensing, while the second topic dealt with the removal of the exploitation of the patent for the public benefit. In this study, the researcher followed the comparative analytical approach by analyzing the legal texts governing the patent, in addition to comparing them with the Jordanian law and the Egyptian and Algerian law in some cases.
The legal system related to the patent aims to provide legal protection for the inventions reached by man, and this system authorizes the owner of the invention to monopolize and exploit the invention. The inventor does not receive this protection except by following the necessary conditions for registering the invention, and most of the legislations has made exceptions to the protection of inventions in order to balance between the private interest and the public interest in the patent. An invention is defined as a creative idea reached by the inventor in any field of technology. A patent is a certificate granted to protect the invention. In Palestine, the law governing patents is the Jordanian Patents and Designs Law No. 22 of 1953, and this law is an old law that does not regulate all aspects related to patents, as a result of the change and development in all aspects of life. In order to remedy the shortage in this law, reference is made to the general laws and rules governing intellectual property. This study dealt with the issue of the balance between the private interest and the public interest in patents in the Palestinian law and international agreements, and comparing it with the Jordanian law. This study was divided into two chapters. The first chapter was devoted to the study of manifestations of exploitation of the patent for the private interest and was divided into two topics. The first topics dealt with the right to acquire a patent and the right to protect it, while the second topic dealt with the right of exclusivity and disposal of the patent. Meanwhile the second chapter, it was devoted to the study of manifestations of exploitation of the patent for the public interest, and it was divided into two topics, the first topic dealt with compulsory licensing, while the second topic dealt with the removal of the exploitation of the patent for the public benefit. In this study, the researcher followed the comparative analytical approach by analyzing the legal texts governing the patent, in addition to comparing them with the Jordanian law and the Egyptian and Algerian law in some cases.