تفاقم النتيجة الإجرامية
Date
2024-01-24
Authors
جبر سعيد جبر أبو مصبح
JABER SAID JABER ABU-MUSBEH
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
تناولت الدراسة النتيجة الإجرامية كأحد عناصر الركن المادي للجريمة والتي يسعى الجاني إلى تحقيقها جراء ارتكاب فعله الإجرامي، حيث إن المبدأ العام في الفقه الجنائي أن الشخص لا يعاقب على الفعل الواحد مرتين، فلقد نص عليه قانون العقوبات الفلسطيني الساري في قطاع غزة في الشق الأول من نص المادة(21)، إلا أن هذا المبدأ وهذا النص يوجد عليه استثناء وهو أنه يجوز مؤاخذة الشخص عن ذات الفعل أو الترك مرتين ويحدث ذلك في حالة تفاقم النتيجة الإجرامية لنفس الفعل وهو ما نصت عليه المادة(58/2) من قانون العقوبات الفلسطيني المطبق في الضفة الغربية.
يهدف البحث إلى بيان تفاقم النتيجة الإجرامية كسبب عام في تغيير الوصف القانوني وتعديل التهمة وتشديد العقوبة، وإلى بيان مدى الأثر القانوني المترتب على تفاقم النتيجة الإجرامية للفعل الإجرامي الواحد.
وذلك من خلال الاعتماد على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي؛ خُلص البحث إلى أن الأصل عدم جواز محاكمة الشخص على نفس الفعل مرتين، لكن يستثنى من ذلك حالة تفاقم النتيجة الإجرامية في الجرائم الواقعة على الجسد، وخاصة جرائم الأذى البليغ التي تفضي إلى القتل، حيث أنه يجوز معاقبته على القتل بعد الحكم بالإدانة على الأذى البليغ إذا حدثت الوفاة خلال سنة ويوم وذلك في القانون الساري في قطاع غزة ، كون أن القضاء الفلسطيني أخذ بنظرية السبب الأخير ويطبقها في جريمة القتل إلا أنه يشترط أن يتحقق إزهاق روح المجني عليه خلال عام ويوم من وقوع الجريمة.
كما ويحق لمحكمة الموضوع تعديل الوصف القانوني للواقعة والتهمة من تلقاء نفسها دونما حاجة إلى انتظار طلب النيابة وذلك كونها المسؤولة عن الوصف الصحيح والسليم للوقائع ويجوز للمحكمة الاستئنافية إضافة الظروف المشددة التي لم تكن قد تحققت وقت نظر الدعوى أمام محكمة أول درجة، وإنما ظهر بعد صدور الحكم الابتدائي أي في حال تفاقمت النتيجة الإجرامية، بشرط أن يكون الاستئناف مرفوعاً من النيابة العامة.
ويوصي البحث، نظراً لقلة المراجع المتخصصة في موضوع تفاقم النتيجة الجرمية في مجال القانون الجزائي تكثيف الأبحاث والدراسات المتعلقة بآثار التكييف القانوني وتقدير العقوبة عند تفاقم النتيجة الجرمية.
The study dealt with the criminal result as one of the elements of the material element of the crime, which the offender seeks to achieve as a result of committing his criminal act, as the general principle in criminal jurisprudence is that a person is not punished for one act twice. This was stipulated in the Palestinian Penal Code in effect in the Gaza Strip in the first part of the text. Article (21), however, there is an exception to this principle and text, which is that a person may be held accountable for the same act or omission twice, and this occurs in the event of aggravation of the criminal consequence of the same act, which is stipulated in Article (58/2) of the Palestinian Penal Code applied in West Bank. The research aims to explain the aggravation of the criminal result as a general reason for changing the legal description, amending the charge, and tightening the penalty, and to explain the extent of the legal impact resulting from the aggravation of the criminal result for a single criminal act. This is done by relying on the descriptive and analytical approach. The research concluded that the basic principle is that it is not permissible to try a person for the same act twice, but an exception to this is the case of aggravation of the criminal outcome in crimes committed against the body, especially crimes of grievous harm that lead to murder, as it is permissible to punish him for murder after a conviction is issued for grievous harm if The death occurred within a year and a day, according to the law in force in the Gaza Strip, since the Palestinian judiciary adopted the theory of last cause and applies it to the crime of murder. However, it stipulates that the loss of the victim’s life must occur within a year and a day of the crime occurring. The trial court also has the right to amend the legal description of the incident and the charge on its own initiative, without the need to wait for the prosecution’s request, as it is responsible for the correct and proper description of the facts. The Court of Appeal may add aggravating circumstances that had not occurred at the time the case was heard before the court of first instance, but rather appeared after the issuance of the ruling. In the first instance, that is, if the criminal result worsens, provided that the appeal is filed by the Public Prosecution. Due to the lack of specialized references on the subject of aggravation of the criminal outcome in the field of criminal law, the research recommends intensifying research and studies related to the effects of legal adjustment and estimating the penalty when the criminal outcome aggravates.
The study dealt with the criminal result as one of the elements of the material element of the crime, which the offender seeks to achieve as a result of committing his criminal act, as the general principle in criminal jurisprudence is that a person is not punished for one act twice. This was stipulated in the Palestinian Penal Code in effect in the Gaza Strip in the first part of the text. Article (21), however, there is an exception to this principle and text, which is that a person may be held accountable for the same act or omission twice, and this occurs in the event of aggravation of the criminal consequence of the same act, which is stipulated in Article (58/2) of the Palestinian Penal Code applied in West Bank. The research aims to explain the aggravation of the criminal result as a general reason for changing the legal description, amending the charge, and tightening the penalty, and to explain the extent of the legal impact resulting from the aggravation of the criminal result for a single criminal act. This is done by relying on the descriptive and analytical approach. The research concluded that the basic principle is that it is not permissible to try a person for the same act twice, but an exception to this is the case of aggravation of the criminal outcome in crimes committed against the body, especially crimes of grievous harm that lead to murder, as it is permissible to punish him for murder after a conviction is issued for grievous harm if The death occurred within a year and a day, according to the law in force in the Gaza Strip, since the Palestinian judiciary adopted the theory of last cause and applies it to the crime of murder. However, it stipulates that the loss of the victim’s life must occur within a year and a day of the crime occurring. The trial court also has the right to amend the legal description of the incident and the charge on its own initiative, without the need to wait for the prosecution’s request, as it is responsible for the correct and proper description of the facts. The Court of Appeal may add aggravating circumstances that had not occurred at the time the case was heard before the court of first instance, but rather appeared after the issuance of the ruling. In the first instance, that is, if the criminal result worsens, provided that the appeal is filed by the Public Prosecution. Due to the lack of specialized references on the subject of aggravation of the criminal outcome in the field of criminal law, the research recommends intensifying research and studies related to the effects of legal adjustment and estimating the penalty when the criminal outcome aggravates.
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Citation
أبو مصبح، جبر سعيد. (2024). تفاقم النتيجة الإجرامية [رسالة ماجستير منشورة، جامعة القدس، فلسطين]. المستودع الرقمي لجامعة القدس.