أثر جائحة كورونا على قطاع العمل في فلسطين
Date
2024-05-28
Authors
شاكر محمد شاكر اطميزة
Shaker Mohammed Shaker Itmaiza
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
إن الظروف الخارجية التي تطرأ على العالم بفعل الطبيعة أو الإنسان، كالحروب والكوارث الطبيعية، والأوبئة والأمراض، تؤثر على تنفيذ المتعاقدين لالتزاماتهم المتقابلة في العقود الملزمة للجانبين.
وعقد العمل من العقود الملزمة للجانبين والذي يتكون من (العامل وصاحب العمل) بحيث يرتب العقد التزامات وحقوق متبادلة، ونتيجة لتأثير الجوائح بشكل خاص على واقع العقد من حيث أنها تخلق ظروفًا خارجة عن إرادة المتعاقدين، تجعل من تنفيذ التزاماتهما يتراوح بين الاستحالة والإرهاق.
ونظرًا لخصوصية عقد العمل، فقد استوجب تدخل التشريعات القانونية لمعالجة إشكالية أثر الجوائح على عقد العمل، بقصد تحقيق التوازن العقدي بين العامل وصاحب العمل.
وانطلاقاً من تباين أثر الجوائح على عقد العمل بين نظريتي القوة القاهرة، والظرف الطارئ، ناقشت هذه الدراسة أثر جائحة كورونا على قطاع العمل، من خلال تفاوت أثرها على القطاعات والأنشطة الاقتصادية، تبعًا لاختلاف طبيعة القطاع أو النشاط، وتبعًا للإجراءات الحكومية التي اتخذتها الدول لمواجهة أثر جائحة كورونا.
وناقشت الدراسة السلطات القانونية التي منحها قانون العمل الفلسطيني لصاحب العمل بصورة عامة، من حيث سلطته في إنهاء عقد العمل بإرادته المنفردة، وسلطته في تعديل عقد العمل، وكذلك البحث في سلطته في وقف تنفيذ عقد العمل، كسلطة لم ينص عليها التشريع الفلسطيني صراحة إلا أن أصحاب العمل قد استعملوها في ظل غياب النص قانونًا عليها، ودراسة هذه السلطات في إطار زمني هو فترة انتشار جائحة كورونا.
وسعت الدراسة إلى البحث في مشروعية إجراءات صاحب العمل بحق العاملين في فترة انتشار جائحة كورونا، واستندت الدراسة في ذلك على نصوص قانون العمل الفلسطيني، والبحث أيضًا في التشريعات المقارنة، والاجتهادات الفقهية والقضائية، في محاولة قياس مشروعية إجراءات صاحب العمل في حالتي القوة القاهرة والظروف الطارئة.
وسلطت الدراسة الضوء على النصوص القانوني التي كانت سند الإجراءات الحكومية وصاحب العمل في ظل انتشار جائحة كورونا، لقياس مدى مواءمة النصوص القانونية الفلسطينية في تحقيق التوازن التعاقدي في ظل انتشار جائحة كورونا.
External circumstances that occur in the world due to nature or man such as wars, natural disasters, epidemics and diseases, affect the contractors’ implementation of their corresponding obligations in contracts binding on both parties. The employment contract, which consists of the employee and the employer, is one of the contracts binding on both parties and stipulates mutual obligations and rights. The impact of pandemics, in particular, on the reality of the contract, creates circumstances beyond the contracting parties’ control and makes the implementation of their obligations range from impossibility to fatigue. Due to the privacy of the employment contract, it became obligatory to interfere the legal legislation to deal with the impact of pandemics on the employment contract with the aim of achieving a contractual balance between the employee and the employer. Based on the difference in the impact of pandemics on the employment contract between the theories of force majeure and emergency circumstance, this study discussed the impact of the Corona pandemic on the labor sector, through its varied impact on economic sectors and activities due to the different nature of the sector or activity, and according to the governmental measures taken by countries to confront the Impact of the Corona pandemic. The study discussed the legal powers granted by the Palestinian Labor Law to the employer in general, in terms of his authority to terminate the employment contract unilaterally, and his authority to amend the employment contract, as well as examining his authority to stop the implementation of the employment contract, as a power not explicitly stipulated in Palestinian legislation, but employers Labor has used it in the absence of a legal provision for it, and these authorities are being studied within a time frame, the period of the outbreak of the Corona pandemic The study sought to investigate the legitimacy of the employer’s measures against employees during the outbreak of the Corona pandemic. The study referred to the texts of the Palestinian Labor Law researching comparative legislation and jurisprudential and judicial jurisprudence attempting to measure the legitimacy of the employer’s procedures in cases of force majeure and emergency circumstances. The study shed light on the legal texts that supported government and employer measures in light of the outbreak of the Corona pandemic, to measure the extent of compatibility of Palestinian legal texts in achieving contractual balance during Corona pandemic
External circumstances that occur in the world due to nature or man such as wars, natural disasters, epidemics and diseases, affect the contractors’ implementation of their corresponding obligations in contracts binding on both parties. The employment contract, which consists of the employee and the employer, is one of the contracts binding on both parties and stipulates mutual obligations and rights. The impact of pandemics, in particular, on the reality of the contract, creates circumstances beyond the contracting parties’ control and makes the implementation of their obligations range from impossibility to fatigue. Due to the privacy of the employment contract, it became obligatory to interfere the legal legislation to deal with the impact of pandemics on the employment contract with the aim of achieving a contractual balance between the employee and the employer. Based on the difference in the impact of pandemics on the employment contract between the theories of force majeure and emergency circumstance, this study discussed the impact of the Corona pandemic on the labor sector, through its varied impact on economic sectors and activities due to the different nature of the sector or activity, and according to the governmental measures taken by countries to confront the Impact of the Corona pandemic. The study discussed the legal powers granted by the Palestinian Labor Law to the employer in general, in terms of his authority to terminate the employment contract unilaterally, and his authority to amend the employment contract, as well as examining his authority to stop the implementation of the employment contract, as a power not explicitly stipulated in Palestinian legislation, but employers Labor has used it in the absence of a legal provision for it, and these authorities are being studied within a time frame, the period of the outbreak of the Corona pandemic The study sought to investigate the legitimacy of the employer’s measures against employees during the outbreak of the Corona pandemic. The study referred to the texts of the Palestinian Labor Law researching comparative legislation and jurisprudential and judicial jurisprudence attempting to measure the legitimacy of the employer’s procedures in cases of force majeure and emergency circumstances. The study shed light on the legal texts that supported government and employer measures in light of the outbreak of the Corona pandemic, to measure the extent of compatibility of Palestinian legal texts in achieving contractual balance during Corona pandemic