حماية الغير حسن النية المتعاملين مع الشركات التجارية
Date
2023-09-11
Authors
مجدولين محمد زهدي أسعد سلهب
Majdoleen Mohamad Zuhdi Asaad Salhab
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
قام المشرع من خلال القرار بقانون رقم 42 لسنة 2021 بشأن الشركات بوضع الكثير من الأحكام القانونية التي ترمي لتعزيز الثقة والائتمان بالنسبة لمختلف العلاقات القانونية التي تنشأ في الشركة التجارية.
وقد ساهم مبدأ حسن النية في تطور فكرة حماية الغير المتعامل مع الشركات حيث استند عليه القضاء واتخذه كعنصر جوهري في الكثير من المبادئ القضائية التي أرست أنظمة مهمة تهدف لحماية الغير، كما تلعب قواعد الإشهار القانوني دورا مهما لحماية الغير، بالإضافة إلى الإقرار بالوجود الفعلي للشركة من أهم تطبيقات نظرية حماية الغير في الشركة التجارية.
إلى جانب هذه الضمانات الشكلية لحماية الغير في الشركات التجارية وضع المشرع أحكاما موضوعية في غاية الأهمية حفاظا على الشركة وعلى حقوق الغير، عن طريق الاهتمام برأس مال الشركة الذي يشكل الضمان الأساسي لدائنيها، وتختلف وضعية الدائن في الشركات التجارية بحسب اختلاف شكل الشركة التي يتعامل معها، وبالتالي فإنه لا تتساوى مسؤولية كل من الشريك والشركة في كل أشكال الشركات فهناك شركات تتمتع بشخصية معنوية وشركات لا تكسبها، وهناك شركات تقوم على الاعتبار المالي وأخرى قائمة على الاعتبار الشخصي.
وقد هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد مجال الغير المتعامل مع الشركات التجارية، والنظام القانوني للحماية الموضوعية والاجرائية، والبحث عن أهم التطبيقات القانونية لهذه الحماية في كل شكل من أشكال الشركات، وتسليط الضوء على أهم ما جاء به المشرع من ضمانات في كل شركة.
وقد توصلت هذه الدراسة إلى خاتمة أجابت بشكل كبير على تساؤلات الدراسة وإشكاليتها، وخلصت إلى مجموعة من النتائج والتوصيات المتعلقة بالقرار بقانون رقم 42 لسنة 2021 بشأن الشركات مما يجعله يتكيف مع الواقع الاقتصادي للبلاد باعتبار الشركات أصبحت تمثل العمود الفقري لأي نهضة اقتصادية متطورة.
Based on the Decree No. 42 of 2021 regarding companies, the legislator has established many legal provisions aimed at enhancing trust and credit with regards to the various legal relationships that arise in the commercial company. The principle of good faith has contributed to the development of the idea of protecting others dealing with companies, as the judiciary relied on it and took it as a fundamental element in many judicial principles that established important systems aimed at protecting others. Moreover, the rules of legal advertising play an important role to protect others, in addition to acknowledging the actual existence of the company which is one of the most important applications of the theory of protecting others in the commercial company. In addition to these formal guarantees to protect others in commercial companies, the legislator established substantive provisions of utmost importance in order to preserve the company and the rights of others, by paying attention to the company’s capital, which constitutes the basic guarantee for its creditors. The status of the creditor in commercial companies varies depending on the form of the company he deals with. Therefore, the responsibility of both the partner and the company is not equal in all forms of companies. There are companies that have a legal personality and companies that do not gain it, and there are companies that are based on financial consideration and others that are based on personal consideration. This study aimed to define the scope of third parties dealing with commercial companies, the legal system for substantive and procedural protection, search for the most important legal applications of this protection in every form of company, and shed light on the most important guarantees provided by the legislator in every company. This study reached a conclusion that largely answered the study’s questions and problems, and concluded with a set of results and recommendations related to Decree No. 42 of 2021 regarding companies, which makes it adapt to the country’s economic reality, given that companies have become the backbone of any advanced economic renaissance.
Based on the Decree No. 42 of 2021 regarding companies, the legislator has established many legal provisions aimed at enhancing trust and credit with regards to the various legal relationships that arise in the commercial company. The principle of good faith has contributed to the development of the idea of protecting others dealing with companies, as the judiciary relied on it and took it as a fundamental element in many judicial principles that established important systems aimed at protecting others. Moreover, the rules of legal advertising play an important role to protect others, in addition to acknowledging the actual existence of the company which is one of the most important applications of the theory of protecting others in the commercial company. In addition to these formal guarantees to protect others in commercial companies, the legislator established substantive provisions of utmost importance in order to preserve the company and the rights of others, by paying attention to the company’s capital, which constitutes the basic guarantee for its creditors. The status of the creditor in commercial companies varies depending on the form of the company he deals with. Therefore, the responsibility of both the partner and the company is not equal in all forms of companies. There are companies that have a legal personality and companies that do not gain it, and there are companies that are based on financial consideration and others that are based on personal consideration. This study aimed to define the scope of third parties dealing with commercial companies, the legal system for substantive and procedural protection, search for the most important legal applications of this protection in every form of company, and shed light on the most important guarantees provided by the legislator in every company. This study reached a conclusion that largely answered the study’s questions and problems, and concluded with a set of results and recommendations related to Decree No. 42 of 2021 regarding companies, which makes it adapt to the country’s economic reality, given that companies have become the backbone of any advanced economic renaissance.