الرقابة الدستورية حماية لمبدأ سيادة القانون
Date
2022-09-03
Authors
أحمد عادل فوزي صلاح
Ahmed Adel Salah
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Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
جامعة القدس
Abstract
يعتبر تطبيق الدستور وعدم التعارض مع بنوده وأحكامه من خلال القوانين والتشريعات التي تسنها وتقرها السلطة التشريعية في أي دولة، هو ركيزة أساسية للوصول إلى تحقيق مبدأ سيادة القانون وتعزيز مكانته، وفي هذا البحث تم تناول القضاء الدستوري في الحالة الفلسطينية من خلال نشأته وتطوره على مر السنوات وحتى قيام السلطة الوطنية الفلسطينية، وبعدها تشكيل المحكمة الدستورية، إضافة إلى تناول تأثير القضاء الدستوري ودوره في تعزيز وضمان سيادة القانون، خاصة في ظل حالة استثنائية في الواقع الفلسطيني تمثلت بغياب السلطة التشريعية وتعطل الحقوق الانتخابية للمواطن الفلسطيني، والعديد من الممارسات التي تمارسها السلطة التنفيذية والتي تعارض ما نصت عليه نصوص الدستور الفلسطيني خاصة في ظل غياب رقابة تشريعية على أعمالها.خلص الباحث في بحثه إلى عدة نتائج كان أهمها وجود اهتمام كبير لدى المشرع الفلسطيني بالقضاء الدستوري ومنذ اللحظة التي تم وضع الدستور فيها، وتحديد من يقوم بهذه المهمة حتى قبل إنشاء المحكمة الدستورية، كما خلصت الدراسة إلى ان المحكمة الدستورية أخذت على عاتقها ومنذ تشكلها توضيح وتفسير حالة الفراغ الدستوري والتشريعي الذي يمر بالحالة الفلسطينية منذ عام 2007، وبالتالي فإن دور المحكمة الدستورية ومن خلال ممارستها لاختصاصات القضاء الدستوري هو دور كبير في تعزيز وضمانة سيادة القانون، إضافة إلى أن غياب المجلس التشريعي والانقسام الفلسطيني ساهما في تغول السلطة التنفيذية على الحريات والحقوق المدنية في كثير من الأحيان وهو ما خفض مستوى سيادة القانون.
وقدم الباحث عدة توصيات، كان أهمها ضرورة تطبيق كافة بنود قرار المحكمة الدستورية الذى قضى بحل المجلس التشريعي والدعوة لانتخابات تشريعية خلال ستة أشهر من هذا القرار، وهو ما تم فعلياً غير أن إجراء الانتخابات تم تأجيله من قبل رئيس السلطة الوطنية الفلسطينية بعد الدعوة إليها، وبالتالي يوصي الباحث بضرورة إيجاد آلية أو صيغة وتوافق وطني لإجراء الانتخابات التشريعية فعلياً ودون تأجيل، فجميع المؤسسات الفلسطينية والأطر الوطنية وحتى السلطات الثلاث الفلسطينية قابعة تحت الاحتلال وبالتالي لا بد من وجود مجلس تشريعي من خلال انتخابات تشريعية لسد الفراغ الموجود.
Applying constitution without contradicting with its articles and provisions through the laws and legislations enacted and passed by the legislative authority in any country, is considered as a cornerstone to achieve the principle of sovereignty of law and enhance the prestige of law. In this research, the researcher discussed the constitutional jurisdiction in the Palestinian case in terms of its emergence and development throughout the years and until the establishment of the Palestinian National Authority, followed by the establishment of the constitutional court. In addition, this research addressed the influence of constitutional jurisdiction and its role in enhancing and guaranteeing the sovereignty of law; particularly in light of the extraordinary case of the Palestinian reality which is represented in the absence of legislative authority and protraction of electoral rights of the Palestinian citizen, as well as several practices carried out by the Executive Authority which contradict with the stipulations of the Palestinian Constitution; particularly in light of the absence of a legislative control on their actions. The researcher reached to several findings in his research; mainly: the considerable attention by the Palestinian legislator of Constitutional Jurisdiction since the moment of placing the draft of Constitution, and identifying the person responsible for performing this task even before establishing the constitutional court. The study also concluded that the constitutional court has assumed the responsibility, since its establishment, of explaining and interpreting the state of constitutional and legislative vacuum which the Palestinian case has witnessed since 2007; therefore, the role of the constitutional court, through practicing the competences of constitutional jurisdiction, is a significant role in enhancing and guaranteeing the sovereignty of law, in addition, the absence of the Legislative Council and Palestinian split have contributed in the encroachment by the Executive Authority on civil freedoms and rights in most cases; which thus has reduced the level of sovereignty of law. The researcher also presented several recommendations; mainly: the necessity of applying all the articles of the constitutional court’s decision which has ruled that the Legislative Council should be dissolved and called for legislative elections within six months of this decision; which actually occurred. However, the procedure of elections has been postponed by the President of Palestinian National Authority after calling for them; therefore, the researcher recommends that it is necessary to find a mechanism or national consensus to hold legislative elections actually without delay; as all the Palestinian institutions and national frames, even the three Palestinian authorities, are still under the Israeli occupation; thus, it is necessary to have a legislative council through legislative elections to fill the existing gap.
Applying constitution without contradicting with its articles and provisions through the laws and legislations enacted and passed by the legislative authority in any country, is considered as a cornerstone to achieve the principle of sovereignty of law and enhance the prestige of law. In this research, the researcher discussed the constitutional jurisdiction in the Palestinian case in terms of its emergence and development throughout the years and until the establishment of the Palestinian National Authority, followed by the establishment of the constitutional court. In addition, this research addressed the influence of constitutional jurisdiction and its role in enhancing and guaranteeing the sovereignty of law; particularly in light of the extraordinary case of the Palestinian reality which is represented in the absence of legislative authority and protraction of electoral rights of the Palestinian citizen, as well as several practices carried out by the Executive Authority which contradict with the stipulations of the Palestinian Constitution; particularly in light of the absence of a legislative control on their actions. The researcher reached to several findings in his research; mainly: the considerable attention by the Palestinian legislator of Constitutional Jurisdiction since the moment of placing the draft of Constitution, and identifying the person responsible for performing this task even before establishing the constitutional court. The study also concluded that the constitutional court has assumed the responsibility, since its establishment, of explaining and interpreting the state of constitutional and legislative vacuum which the Palestinian case has witnessed since 2007; therefore, the role of the constitutional court, through practicing the competences of constitutional jurisdiction, is a significant role in enhancing and guaranteeing the sovereignty of law, in addition, the absence of the Legislative Council and Palestinian split have contributed in the encroachment by the Executive Authority on civil freedoms and rights in most cases; which thus has reduced the level of sovereignty of law. The researcher also presented several recommendations; mainly: the necessity of applying all the articles of the constitutional court’s decision which has ruled that the Legislative Council should be dissolved and called for legislative elections within six months of this decision; which actually occurred. However, the procedure of elections has been postponed by the President of Palestinian National Authority after calling for them; therefore, the researcher recommends that it is necessary to find a mechanism or national consensus to hold legislative elections actually without delay; as all the Palestinian institutions and national frames, even the three Palestinian authorities, are still under the Israeli occupation; thus, it is necessary to have a legislative council through legislative elections to fill the existing gap.
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Citation
أحمد صلاح ، الرقابة الدستورية حماية لمبدأ سيادة القانون ،رسالة ماجستير ، جامعة القدس ، القدس ،2022