التدخل الجنائي للحد من الاسلحة النارية
Date
2023-05-20
Authors
محمد اسامة عيسى الشلالدة
Muhammad Osama Issa Al-Shalaldeh
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
تمس الاسلحة النارية حياة الافراد وحرياتهم التي كفلتها التشريعات والدساتير ونصت على وجوب احترامها وعدم المساس بها ، والاصل دائما ان الافراد يتمتعون بحرية كاملة في حياتهم، وهذه الحرية مكفولة في القانون سواء القانون الدولي او القانون الداخلي ، والاستثناء على هذا القاعدة ان هذه الحرية ليست مطلقة، وانما واجب ان تتوافق مع التشريعات والقوانين والانظمة المعمول بها في الدولة بهدف المحافظة على المجتمع وسلامته وامنه، وهذا ما دفع الدولة في تقييد بعض الحريات الخاصة بأفرادها وتجريم بعض الافعال التي تمس بالنظام العام الخاص بالدولة.
ومن خلال هذه الدراسة تم طرح مجموعة من التساؤلات حول العنصر المفترض في جرائم الاسلحة النارية ،وهل تم تغطيت كافة الافعال في الجرائم التي يستخدم فيها سلاح ناري ، وكيف يكون السلاح الناري اداة في الجرائم، بالإضافة للأثار المترتبة على السلاح في تغيير وصف الجريمة وتقدير الجزاء الجنائي ولعل انتشار الأسلحة النارية بين أيدي المواطنين في الدولة يُهدد بشكلٍ مباشر السلم الأهلي والأمن العام. مما دفع المشرع الفلسطيني الى إعتناق سياسة جنائية تهدف الى الحد من إنتشار الأسلحة النارية . ويُمثل قانون الأسلحة النارية والذخائر رقم 2 لسنة 1998، إضافة الى قانوني العقوبات (المُطبقين في الضفة الغربية وقطاع غزة) الأساس القانوني للتصدي لإنتشار الأسلحة النارية. وتسعى هذه الدراسة الى الاجابة على الاشكالية التالية: ما مدى فعالية الحماية الجنائية في الحد من الاسلحة النارية في التشريع الفلسطيني؟
من خلال المنهج الوصفي التحليلي الذي يعتمد على مبدأ التحليل المزدوج، حيث يتضمن اسلوب التحليل الاستقرائي والتحليل الإستنباطي في ضوء مصادر المعلومات المتاحة عن الموضوع. ورغم أن هذه الدراسة لا تعتبر بأي حال من الاحوال "دراسة مقارنة "، تستخدم هذه الدراسة المنهج المقارن من خلال الوقوف على الفروقات بين كل من التشريعات الجزائية الفلسطيني من جهة، وبعض الانظمة القانونية الاخرى من جهة اخرى خاصة التشريع الجزائي المصري والاردني، وذلك كلما دعت الحاجة الى اطلاع اوسع على تجارب ناجحة او الاطلاع على افق أوسع من الأفق الوطني.
لهذا الغرض قسمت الدراسة الى فصلين ، الفصل الأول لبيان الاسلحة والذخائر محلا للتجريم في القانون الجنائي، بدأ في الماديات المكونة لحيازة الاسلحة النارية والاتجار بها ومرورا في العنصر المفترض في الجرائم التي تستخدم فيها الاسلحة النارية ، وانتهاء بمرحلة المسؤولية الجنائية عن حيازة الاسلحة النارية والاتجار بها .
أما الفصل الثاني فقد تناول موضوع الاسلحة النارية في البنيان القانوني للجريمة التي هي التي هي الجانب الموضوعي لهذه الدراسة من خلال مبحثين . ونظرا لكون الدراسة خاضعة لقواعد البحث العلمي القانوني السليم، فقد اتبعت منهجا يعتمد على مبدأ التحليل المزدوج (المنهج الوصفي التحليلي)، ناهيك عن الاستفادة من المنهج المقارن حيثما دعت الحاجة الى ذلك.
وقد خلصت هذه الدراسة الى مجموعة من النتائج، اهمها ان هناك قصور في فلسفة التجريم الجزائية في تحقيق جميع اهدافها نظرا لخلو التشريع من بعض العقوبات الواضحة ومن تجريم بعض الافعال التي تهدد النظام العام والامن العام بالدولة كعدم وضع عقوبة واضحة لجريمة القتل باستخدام سلاح ناري وجمع مجموعة من الجرائم التي لها علاقة بالاسلحة النارية والذخائر في نص واحد وهذا يشكل غموض في التجريم من شانه ان يضعف منظومة العدالة الجنائية في فلسطين.
وبناء على ما تقدم فان هذه الدراسة تقدم باقة من التوصيات القابلة للتطبيق. ولعل قيام المشرع بتدارك القصور التشريعي وتغليظ العقوبات الجزائية سوف يعطي نتائج ايجابية ويحدّ من انتشار هذه الجرائم التي تهدد النظام العام بمشكلاته المُتنوعة.
Firearms affect the lives of individuals and their freedoms that are guaranteed by legitimacy and constitutions and stipulate that they must be recognized and not compromised. I always maintain that individuals are characterized by complete freedom in their lives, and this freedom is guaranteed by law, whether international law or domestic law, and while this rule is that this freedom is not absolute, Rather, working with steps to be determined with the sound organizations, laws and systems in the state aiming to follow the general system of the state . Through this study, a number of questions were raised about the supposed element in firearms crimes, and whether all acts were covered in crimes in which a firearm is used, and how the firearm is a tool in crimes, in addition to the effects of the weapon in changing the description of the crime and estimating the criminal penalty Perhaps the proliferation of firearms in the hands of citizens in the country directly threatens civil peace and public security This prompted the Palestinian legislator to adopt a criminal policy aimed at limiting the spread of firearms. The Firearms and Ammunition Law No. 2 of 1998, in addition to the Penal Laws (applicable in the West Bank and Gaza Strip), constitute the legal basis for addressing the proliferation of firearms. This study seeks to answer the following problem: How effective is criminal protection in limiting firearms in Palestinian legislation? Through the descriptive analytical approach, which relies on the principle of dual analysis, as it includes the method of inductive analysis and deductive analysis in light of the available sources of information on the subject. Although this study is not considered in any way a "comparative study", this study uses the comparative approach by examining the differences between each of the Palestinian penal legislation on the one hand, and some other legal systems on the other hand, especially the Egyptian and Jordanian penal legislation, and that is whenever it is called for. The need to learn more about successful experiences or to see a broader horizon than the national one. For this purpose, the study was divided into two chapters, the first chapter to show weapons and ammunition as a subject of criminalization in the criminal law, starting with the materials that make up the possession and trafficking of firearms and passing through the supposed element in the crimes in which firearms are used, and ending with the stage of criminal responsibility for the possession and trafficking of firearms. As for the second chapter, it dealt with the issue of firearms in the legal structure of the crime, which is the objective aspect of this study through two sections. Given that the study is subject to the rules of proper legal scientific research, it followed an approach based on the principle of dual analysis (the descriptive analytical approach), not to mention benefiting from the comparative approach wherever the need arises. This study concluded a set of results, the most important of which is that there is a deficiency in the criminalization philosophy in achieving all its objectives due to the lack of legislation of some clear penalties and the criminalization of some acts that threaten public order and public security in the state, such as not setting a clear penalty for the crime of murder using a firearm and collecting a group One of the crimes related to firearms and ammunition in one text, and this constitutes ambiguity in criminalization that would weaken the criminal justice system in Palestine. Based on the foregoing, this study presents a set of applicable recommendations. Perhaps the legislator’s rectification of the legislative shortcomings and the harshening of the criminal penalties will give positive results and limit the spread of these crimes that threaten public order with its various problems.
Firearms affect the lives of individuals and their freedoms that are guaranteed by legitimacy and constitutions and stipulate that they must be recognized and not compromised. I always maintain that individuals are characterized by complete freedom in their lives, and this freedom is guaranteed by law, whether international law or domestic law, and while this rule is that this freedom is not absolute, Rather, working with steps to be determined with the sound organizations, laws and systems in the state aiming to follow the general system of the state . Through this study, a number of questions were raised about the supposed element in firearms crimes, and whether all acts were covered in crimes in which a firearm is used, and how the firearm is a tool in crimes, in addition to the effects of the weapon in changing the description of the crime and estimating the criminal penalty Perhaps the proliferation of firearms in the hands of citizens in the country directly threatens civil peace and public security This prompted the Palestinian legislator to adopt a criminal policy aimed at limiting the spread of firearms. The Firearms and Ammunition Law No. 2 of 1998, in addition to the Penal Laws (applicable in the West Bank and Gaza Strip), constitute the legal basis for addressing the proliferation of firearms. This study seeks to answer the following problem: How effective is criminal protection in limiting firearms in Palestinian legislation? Through the descriptive analytical approach, which relies on the principle of dual analysis, as it includes the method of inductive analysis and deductive analysis in light of the available sources of information on the subject. Although this study is not considered in any way a "comparative study", this study uses the comparative approach by examining the differences between each of the Palestinian penal legislation on the one hand, and some other legal systems on the other hand, especially the Egyptian and Jordanian penal legislation, and that is whenever it is called for. The need to learn more about successful experiences or to see a broader horizon than the national one. For this purpose, the study was divided into two chapters, the first chapter to show weapons and ammunition as a subject of criminalization in the criminal law, starting with the materials that make up the possession and trafficking of firearms and passing through the supposed element in the crimes in which firearms are used, and ending with the stage of criminal responsibility for the possession and trafficking of firearms. As for the second chapter, it dealt with the issue of firearms in the legal structure of the crime, which is the objective aspect of this study through two sections. Given that the study is subject to the rules of proper legal scientific research, it followed an approach based on the principle of dual analysis (the descriptive analytical approach), not to mention benefiting from the comparative approach wherever the need arises. This study concluded a set of results, the most important of which is that there is a deficiency in the criminalization philosophy in achieving all its objectives due to the lack of legislation of some clear penalties and the criminalization of some acts that threaten public order and public security in the state, such as not setting a clear penalty for the crime of murder using a firearm and collecting a group One of the crimes related to firearms and ammunition in one text, and this constitutes ambiguity in criminalization that would weaken the criminal justice system in Palestine. Based on the foregoing, this study presents a set of applicable recommendations. Perhaps the legislator’s rectification of the legislative shortcomings and the harshening of the criminal penalties will give positive results and limit the spread of these crimes that threaten public order with its various problems.