إثبات الأهلة بين الفقه والفلك
Date
2009-08-26
Authors
محمد جمال حسين كنعان
mohammed jamal husein kanaan
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
The question of confirming the witness of the new moon in the Islamic
doctrine and Astronomy shows the connection between Islam and science, it
is an old-new problem.
This study about the evidencing of seeing the new moon crescent for all
months according to the Islamic doctrine and the scientific method is of a
high interest because it has a great importance in fixing the time of prayers,
fasting in Ramadan and Haj in Thel-Hija. In addition to fixing the times
concerning dealings and the deadline of paying back debts.
This study contains four chapters, introduction and an epilogue.
The first chapter is about the meaning of the new crescent and "the month" in
language and idiomatically; in addition to the function of each one of them. It
also talks about the evidencing of the new crescents in the Holy Koran,
Sunna, Science and reality in addition to the factors that seeing the crescent
depend on.
The second chapter talks about evidencing the new crescent in the Islamic
doctrine and the limiting rules of the seeing in addition to its considerable
times, moreover this chapter shows the variety of the locations of the crescent
and the doctrine opinions of considering it or not.
The third chapter talks about evidencing the new crescent for astronomers,
and the basics of this science and the astronomical theories, the physical
standards and the equipments of evidencing the new crescent. This chapter
also discussed different astronomical models and data for seeing the new
crescent. Moreover, there is a differentiation between astronomy and
astrology.
The fourth chapter shows the doctrine rooting of all the problems concerning
the seeing of the new crescent in terms of accepting the astronomical
calculations or rejecting it. There is a remark to the opinion of the modern
doctrine about this problem; in addition to a remark to some decisions of the
doctrine institutions.
In breif, the study of this question in science and Islamic doctrine, the
discussing opinions and considering the right ones, it has been shown that this
study concentrates on two question:
First, shall we consider the differences in the places of seeing the new
crescent or not?
Secondly, shall we depend on the astronomical calculations or not specially
when humans cannot see directly, the new crescent?
The result is that there is no consideration for the difference of the places of
the new crescent, and people should consider the astronomical calculations
for negation and not proof in order to keep the unity of the Islamic countries
in timing of, worships, religious ceremonies and other occasions.
There is no need for narrow mindedness in these days, the time of scientific
development; there is no need for applying the primitive, ancient way without
considering modern scientific methods.