Formation of disinfection by-products in indoor swimming pool water: The contribution from filling water natural organic matter and swimmer body fluids
Date
2010-09-23
Authors
Kanan, Amer
Karanfil, Tanju
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Water Research
Abstract
The contribution and role of different precursors in the formation of three class of disinfection
by-products (DBPs) [trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), and halonitromethanes
(HNMs)] in swimming pool waters were examined using filling waters
obtained from five drinking water treatment plant (WTP) effluents and three body fluid
analogs (BFAs). BFAs exerted higher chlorine demands as compared to natural organic
matter (NOM) in filling waters. BFAs exhibited higher HAA formation potentials than THM
formation potentials, while the opposite was observed for the filling water NOM. There was
no appreciable difference in the HNM formation potentials of BFAs and filling water NOM.
Different components in the BFAs tested exhibited different degree and type of DBP
formation. Citric acid had significantly higher THM and HAA yields than other BFA
components. The effect of temperature was greater on THM formation, whereas the effect
of contact time had more impact on HAA formation. Experiments with filling waters
collected from WTP effluents at three different times showed more variability in HAA than
THM formation at the WTPs studied.
Description
Keywords
Disinfection by-products (DBPs) , Body fluid analogs (BFAs) , Natural organic matter (NOM) , Trihalomethanes (THMs) , Haloacetic acid (HAAs) , Halonitromethanes (HNMs)
Citation
Kanan A, Karanfil T (2011) Formation of disinfection by-products in indoor swimming pool water: The contribution from filling water natural organic matter and swimmer body fluids. Water Res 45:926–932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.09.031