أثر التخطيط الحضري على الديمغرافيا في القدس
Date
2018-06-03
Authors
ناصر عيسى جلال هدمي
Naser Isa Jalal Hidmi
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
جامعة القدس
Abstract
This study aimed to show the relationship between urban planning and demographic reality
in Jerusalem, and how the urban planning was used by the ruling authorities since the
British occupation through the Jordanian rule of the eastern section of the city toward the
Israeli occupation of the city and its unification under expansion of its borders to this day.
The researcher referred to the structural maps and documents available on the planning of
the city and the classification of the lands and statements of politicians and planners on the
planning objectives and their visions of the future of the city and the desired demographic
balance of this city through these visions.
The researcher found by reference to the British documents and plans that urban planning
to control the population preceded the construction of the Israeli occupation state since the
British occupation, which sought to create conditions for the benefit of Jewish immigrants
to the city. This has facilitated the implementation of the plans of the Israeli occupation
and prepared the infrastructure of this occupation, nothing less than facilitate the
immigration of Jews to the land of Palestine through the foreign consulates help that were
in Palestine.
The first map of the city of Jerusalem was established by the British occupation in 1921 by
the British engineer William McLean which divided the city into four sections. The map
gave priority to planning and development of the western and northwestern part of the city,
which was predominantly Jewish, while the eastern and south-eastern part of the city,
which was predominantly Arab, was neglected and constrained by the conditions of
construction and restriction. This map and its subsequent planning work during the British
occupation of the city constituted the cornerstone and guide for all subsequent planning of
the Israeli occupation in the city. The most famous planners of the city of Jerusalem during
the British occupation after McLean were Patrick Geddes, Charles Ashby, and Henry
Kendall.
After the establishment of the Israeli occupation state in 1948 and the division of the city
of Jerusalem into two parts, east under the administration of Jordan, in which almost the
majority of construction and development plans has been frozen, and Western was subject
to the Israeli occupation, which prepared several plans and drawings, some of which even
included the eastern part of the city on the grounds that its subject to the Israeli occupation
is a matter of time. The most important plans prepared by the Israeli occupation of the city
were the plan of Heinz Rau and the plan of Shaveev in 1959, which, despite the problems
of implementation, several parts of them remained effective to this day. Last but not least,
in 2004, a structural map was prepared, Jerusalem 2000, which outlines a future vision of
the city and its urban and demographic image until 2020. The most important characteristic
of this map is the classification of many of the land of Jerusalemites in a way that prevents
them from expansion and construction, as it identified ideas about the demographic
balance in the city and the reality of Jerusalemites in it.
All these schemes and classifications was faced by Jerusalemites, forced to build
unauthorized and live in unorganized and unhealthy houses, which posed for them and the
occupation state security, social, health and political problems.
The researcher found that the Israeli occupation has used to determine patterns of policy
implementation, and to predict patterns of population reactions and behaviors, social
theories explained by social scientist like Paulins, Borrell and Morgan as well as Yousef.
This approach was a way of understanding the impact of policy implementation and
ensuring control by predicting behavior after policy implementation. Therefore, we saw
that after a hundred years of starting to prepare the plans and prepare for their
implementation there are manifestations of success of these plans and achieve visions.