المسؤولية الجزائية للمحامي في التشريع الفلسطيني
Date
2022-09-03
Authors
عيسى يعقوب محمد شماسنه
issa yacoub mohammad shamasna
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
تناولت الدراسة موضوع المسؤولية الجزائية للمحامي وفقًا للتشريع الفلسطيني، وتكمن أهمية الدراسة في أن مهنة المحاماة تعتبر من أجلّ المهن التي يتممن خلالها إحقاق الحق والوقوف إلى جانب المتهم للدفاع عنه وإظهار براءته ورغم أهمية مهنة المحاماة فإن القانون الفلسطيني لم ينظم مسؤولية المحامي الجزائية بنصوص خاصة، إلا أن المشرّع اعترافًا منه بأهمية دور المحامي؛ وضع قانونًا ينظم هذه المهنة وهو قانون رقم (3) لسنة 1999م بشأن تنظيم مهنة المحاماة .
إن المحامي يتمتع بحقوق وصلاحيات خاصة لا يتمتع بها الشخص العادي أو غيره من المهنيين؛ مما يتطلب وجود نصوص قانونية جزائية تكفل عدم استغلال المحامي لهذه الصلاحيات. وتهدف الدراسة إلى التعريف بالمحامي والمحاماة والشروط الواجب توافرها في المحامي، وإيضاح المسؤولية الجزائية للمحامي في التشريع الفلسطيني والتعرف على أركانها وتوضيح الجرائم التي قد يرتكبها المحامي وإجراءات التقاضي التي تترتب عليها.
وتكمن إشكالية الدراسة في أنه لا يوجد أسس لقيام المسؤولية الجزائية للمحامي وأين تتجسد الخصوصية في حالة قيام المسؤولية الجزائية للمحامي وكيف ساهم المشرّع الفلسطيني في تخصيص مهنة المحاماة من خلال تنظيمه لمسؤولية المحامي الجزائية، وبناءً على ذلك فقد تم تقسيم هذه الدراسة إلى مبحث تمهيدي وفصلين وخاتمة.
تناول المبحث التمهيدي المحامي ومهنة المحاماة في التشريع الفلسطيني، وذلك من خلال تعريف المحامي والشروط الواجب توافرها في المحامي وتعريف مهنة المحاماة وخصائص هذه المهنة.
أما الفصل الأول فقد تناول انعقاد المسؤولية الجنائية للمحامي عن أعمال مهنته وأركانها، فقد بين هذا الفصل في مبحثيه ماهية المسؤولية الجنائية للمحامي وأسس قيام المسؤولية الجنائية وانواع المسؤولية الجنائية وأركان المسؤولية الجنائية للمحامي .
أما الفصلالثاني فقد أظل في مبحثيه الجزاء الجنائي في مواجهة الجرائم التي يقترفها المحامي بسبب أعمال مهنته ومنها مسؤولية المحامي الجنائية في جريمة إفشاء أسرار مهنته وفي جريمة خيانة الأمانة وكذلك في جريمة الرشوة وكذلك تناول الباحث إجراءات التقاضي بالجرائم التي يرتكبها وكانت في مرحلة التحقيق الابتدائي والتحقيق النهائي وكذلك الضوابط الخاصة بالملاحقة الجنائية في مواجهة المحامي وخصوصية الملاحقة الاجرائية للمحامي على المستوى التأديبي .
لخصتالخاتمة ما توصل إليه الباحث من استنتاجات ومنها أن مهنة المحامة مهنة حرة مستقلة وتساعد القضاء في تحقيق العدالة وأن مهنة المحاماة من أهم العناصر التي ترتكز عليها العدالة. وإن المسؤولية الجزائية تعني أن يتحمل الإنسان تبعية ونتائج أفعاله. ولكن المسؤولية الجزائية للمحامي لم تحظ بالاهتمام بالقدر الذي تستحقه.وأوصى الباحث بأن تتوزع الدعاوى على المحامين؛ لضمان العيش الكريم لكل محام. كما أوصى بضرورة التشديد على المحامي عند ارتكابه أي من الجرائم التي تتعلق بمهنته، وأن تتكفل نقابة المحامين بعقد دورات للمحامين المتدربين والمبتدئين بشكل دوري لتعريفهم بحقوقهم وواجباتهم ليتجنبوا ارتكاب أي جريمة.
The study addressed the subject of the criminal liability of the lawyer according to Palestinian legislation. The importance of the study lies in the fact that the legal profession is considered one of the most important professions through which justice is achieved and standing by the accused to defend him and prove his innocence. Despite the importance of the legal profession, The Palestinian law has not regulated the criminal liability of the lawyer with special provisions. However, recognizing the importance of the role of the lawyer, the legislator, enacted a law to regulate this profession, which is Law No. (3) of 1999 concerning the regulation of the legal profession. The lawyer enjoys special rights and privileges that the ordinary individuals or other professionals do not possess; which requires the existence of criminal legal provisions that guarantee that the lawyer does not misuse these privileges. The study aims to define the lawyer, the legal profession, and the conditions that must be met by the lawyer, clarify the criminal liability of the lawyer in Palestinian legislation, identify its elements, and explain the crimes that the lawyer may commit and the litigation procedures that follow. The problem of the study lies in the lack of the foundations for establishing the criminal liability of the lawyer, and where the specificity is embodied in the case of lawyer’s criminal liability and how the Palestinian legislator contributed to the specificity of the legal profession through its organization of the criminal liability of the lawyer. Accordingly, this study was divided into an introductory section, two chapters and a conclusion. The introductory section dealt with the lawyer and the legal profession in Palestinian legislation by defining the lawyer, the required conditions to be a lawyer, and defining the legal profession and its characteristics. The first chapter dealt with the establishment of the criminal liability of the lawyer for the acts related to his profession and its elements. This chapter, in its two sections, explained the nature of the lawyer’s criminal liability, the foundations of establishing the criminal liability, the types of criminal liability, and the elements of the criminal liability of the lawyer. Whereas the second chapter, in its two sections, dealt with the criminal penalty faced by lawyers for crimes committed due to their professional actions, including the lawyer’s criminal liability for the crime of breaching professional confidentiality, the crime of breach of trust, and the crime of bribery. The researcher also discussed the litigation procedures for crimes committed by the lawyer, which were in the preliminary investigation and the final investigation stages, as well as the specific regulations for criminal prosecution against the lawyer and the specificity of procedural prosecution of the lawyer at the disciplinary level. The conclusion summarized the findings reached by the researcher, including that the legal profession is a free and independent profession that helps the judiciary in achieving justice. It is also one of the most important elements upon which justice relies. Criminal liability means that an individual bears the consequences and results of his actions. However, the criminal liability of lawyers has not received the attention it deserves. The researcher recommended that lawsuits be distributed among lawyers to ensure a decent living for every lawyer. Additionally, he recommended the necessity of strict measures against lawyers who commit any crimes related to their profession, and that the Bar Association should regularly conduct training sessions for trainee and novice lawyers to inform them of their rights and duties to avoid committing any crime.
The study addressed the subject of the criminal liability of the lawyer according to Palestinian legislation. The importance of the study lies in the fact that the legal profession is considered one of the most important professions through which justice is achieved and standing by the accused to defend him and prove his innocence. Despite the importance of the legal profession, The Palestinian law has not regulated the criminal liability of the lawyer with special provisions. However, recognizing the importance of the role of the lawyer, the legislator, enacted a law to regulate this profession, which is Law No. (3) of 1999 concerning the regulation of the legal profession. The lawyer enjoys special rights and privileges that the ordinary individuals or other professionals do not possess; which requires the existence of criminal legal provisions that guarantee that the lawyer does not misuse these privileges. The study aims to define the lawyer, the legal profession, and the conditions that must be met by the lawyer, clarify the criminal liability of the lawyer in Palestinian legislation, identify its elements, and explain the crimes that the lawyer may commit and the litigation procedures that follow. The problem of the study lies in the lack of the foundations for establishing the criminal liability of the lawyer, and where the specificity is embodied in the case of lawyer’s criminal liability and how the Palestinian legislator contributed to the specificity of the legal profession through its organization of the criminal liability of the lawyer. Accordingly, this study was divided into an introductory section, two chapters and a conclusion. The introductory section dealt with the lawyer and the legal profession in Palestinian legislation by defining the lawyer, the required conditions to be a lawyer, and defining the legal profession and its characteristics. The first chapter dealt with the establishment of the criminal liability of the lawyer for the acts related to his profession and its elements. This chapter, in its two sections, explained the nature of the lawyer’s criminal liability, the foundations of establishing the criminal liability, the types of criminal liability, and the elements of the criminal liability of the lawyer. Whereas the second chapter, in its two sections, dealt with the criminal penalty faced by lawyers for crimes committed due to their professional actions, including the lawyer’s criminal liability for the crime of breaching professional confidentiality, the crime of breach of trust, and the crime of bribery. The researcher also discussed the litigation procedures for crimes committed by the lawyer, which were in the preliminary investigation and the final investigation stages, as well as the specific regulations for criminal prosecution against the lawyer and the specificity of procedural prosecution of the lawyer at the disciplinary level. The conclusion summarized the findings reached by the researcher, including that the legal profession is a free and independent profession that helps the judiciary in achieving justice. It is also one of the most important elements upon which justice relies. Criminal liability means that an individual bears the consequences and results of his actions. However, the criminal liability of lawyers has not received the attention it deserves. The researcher recommended that lawsuits be distributed among lawyers to ensure a decent living for every lawyer. Additionally, he recommended the necessity of strict measures against lawyers who commit any crimes related to their profession, and that the Bar Association should regularly conduct training sessions for trainee and novice lawyers to inform them of their rights and duties to avoid committing any crime.
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Keywords
Citation
شماسنه، عيسى يعقوب. (2022). المسؤولية الجزائية للمحامي في التشريع الفلسطيني [رسالة ماجستير غير منشورة]. جامعة القدس.