المسؤولية المدنية للصيدلي عن الخطا الدوائي
Date
2011-05-22
Authors
عمر محمد عودة عمر عريقات
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
AL-Quds University
جامعة القدس
جامعة القدس
Abstract
هدفت هذه الدراسة بشكل عام إلى التعرف على مفهوم المسؤولية المدنية للصيدلي عن الخطأ
الدوائي والتعرف على التشريعات والقوانين التي تخص هذه المسؤولية ، وأشكال تحقق هذا الخطأ
من قبل المؤسسات الصيدلانية والصيادلة ، واقتراح مجموعة من الاقتراحات والتوصيات التي
تساعد في إبراز مسؤولية الصيدلي المدنية عن الخطأ الدوائي ، وإفراغها بقوانين خاصة بذلك .
إذ تنبع أهمية مهنة الصيدلة من كونها مهنة إنسانية و أخلاقية تلتصق التصاقا كبيرا بجسم
الإنسان فينشأ عنها علاقة إنسانية ، ومن ثم قانونية بين الصيدلي والمريض ، تحتم على هذا الأول
الاهتمام بالثاني وبذل أقصى درجات الحيطة والحذر عند التعامل مع هذا الجسد الإنساني وصحته
بما تقتضيه القوانين والأنظمة المنظمة لعمل الصيدلي ، وقبل ذلك بما يمليه عليه واجب الضمير
والوازع الأخلاقي.
كما أن مشكلة الدراسة تتبلور في عدم وجود قواعد قانونية ، أو قوانين خاصة تهتم بالمسؤولية
المدنية للصيدلي عن الخطأ الدوائي، وهذه أحد المبررات التي دفعت الباحث لدراسة هذا الموضوع
إضافة إلى مبررات أخرى مثل زيادة حالات الخطأ الدوائي على مستوى العالم ككل .
المشرع الفلسطيني وعلى غرار الكثير من التشريعات العربية ، لم ينظم موضوع المسؤولية
الطبية بشكل عام ، ومسؤولية الصيدلي عن الخطأ الدوائي بشكل خاص ، بل ترك ذلك إلى القواعد
العامة للمسؤولية المدنية في القوانين المدنية ، كمجلة الأحكام العدلية ، وقانون المخالفات المدني
البريطاني الصادر عام 1936 ، ومشروع القانون المدني الفلسطيني- فيما لو أصبح قانونا - ، وهذا
غير كاف لمعالجة مثل هذا النوع من الأخطاء ، التي ربما قد تؤدي إلى الموت ، لذلك ارتأى
الباحث أن يوضح في هذا البحث بعضا من الجوانب القانونية لمسؤولية الصيدلي المدنية عن خطأه
وتحديدًا في مجال الدواء ، وفي سبيل ذلك قسم الباحث رسالته إلى ثلاثة فصول تمهيدي وفصلين
أول و ثان .
الفصل التمهيدي وضح فيه الباحث طبيعة و مفهوم مهنة الصيدلة حيث قسمه إلى ثلاثة مباحث ،
تناول في المبحث الأول ، مفهوم الصيدلي باعتباره العنصر الأهم في مهنة الصيدلة ، وقام الباحث
أيضا بإيجاز بسرد التطور التاريخي لمهنة الصيدلة على مر العصور ، فلاحظ أن تطور مهنة
الصيدلة وبلورتها بمفهومها الحالي لم يأت دفعة واحدة ، بل أنها بدأت بالسحر والشعوذة ،وانتقلت
إلى الطب اللاهوتي، مرورا بمرحلة المداوة بالأعشاب والنباتات وعوامل الطبيعة الأخرى ، إلا أن
هذه العصور لم تفصل مهنة الطب عن الصيدلة ، هذا الأمر تنبه له علماء المسلمين ، فإليهم يعود
الفضل في فصل مهنة الصيدلة عن الطب ، واليهم يعود الفضل الأول في افتتاح أول صيدلة على
وجه الأرض .
بعد ذلك ، تناول الباحث مهنة الصيدلة من حيث مفهومها وشروط مزاولتها وطبيعتها القانونية
هل هي مدنية أم تجارية ، ثم انتقل الباحث بعد ذلك إلى دراسة أحد أهم عناصر مهنة الصيدلة ، ألا
وهو الدواء ، من حيث مفهومه القانوني ، والعلمي وإسدال الستار على هذا الفصل التمهيدي بدراسة
الوعاء الذي يحوي معظم الأخطاء الدوائية ألا وهو الوصفة الطبية .
أما الفصل الأول من هذا الدراسة ، فقد خصصه الباحث لدراسة أركان مسؤولية الصيدلي المدنية
في مجال الدواء ، فقسمه إلى ثلاثة مباحث، تحدث في الأول فيها عن الركن الأول وهو الخطأ
الدوائي من حيث مفهومه ، وصوره ، إضافة إلى توضيح المقصود في العيب في مجال الدواء ،
كذلك فرق الباحث بين الخطأ بمفهومه العام وبين الخطأ الدوائي . أما المبحث الثاني فقد درس
الباحث فيه مفهوم الضرر من حيث تعريفه وتقسيماته المختلفة التي جاءت بها القوانين المدنية،
ومدى إمكانية توافرها في الضرر الناتج عن خطأ الصيدلي. وأخيرًا في المبحث الثالث درس
الباحث علاقة السببية بين الخطأ والضرر، إضافة إلى الحالات التي تنقطع فيها رابطة السببية بين
الفعل والضرر، وبالتالي انتفاء حالات المسؤولية .
الفصل الثاني والأخير من هذا الدراسة،انتقل الباحث فيه إلى الحديث عن خصوصية المسؤولية
المدنية في مجال الدواء، من حيث التكييف القانوني للمسؤولية المدنية للصيدلي في مجال الدواء ،
والاختلاف الحاصل في وجهات النظر القانونية حول تكييفها، فهناك من كيفها على أنها مسؤولية
عقدية وله حججه وأسانيده ، وآخرين قالوا بأنها مسؤولية تقصيرية مبرزين حججهم وأسانيدهم ، إلا
أن البعض قال بأنها مسؤولية خاصة ( بلا خطا )، لتعلقها بالجسم الإنساني، ولحمايتها الطرف
الضعيف ألا وهو المضرور .
كذلك وضح الباحث بعض الالتزامات التي تفرضها خصوصية هذه المسؤولية ، من حيث
الالتزام بالإعلام والتبصير والالتزام بضمان سلامة الدواء المبيع . أما المبحث الأخير من هذه
الدراسة فقد درس الباحث فيه حالات الحد والإعفاء من مسؤولية الصيدلي في مجال الدواء ، وفقا
للقواعد العامة للإعفاء من المسؤولية المدنية، ثم أخيرًا وفقا للقواعد الخاصة ، والتي تضمنتها
القوانين المنظمة لهذا الأمر .
وأخيرًا وقبل إسدال الستار على هذه الدراسة ، توصل الباحث إلى عدة نتائج ، أهمها عدم
وجود ثقافة اللجوء إلى القضاء في مجال الأخطاء الدوائية ، والتسليم بأنها قضاء وقدر، ومن ثم
وضع الباحث أهم التوصيات للحد والتقليل من ظاهرة الخطأ الدوائي، كما أوصى بعدة توصيات
أهمها إقرار قوانين خاصة بالمسؤولية الطبية وتحديدًا مسؤولية الصيدلي في مجال الخطأ الدوائي .
This study was prepared between March 2009 and October (2010) as an independent graduate study at the faculty of law at Al- Quds University. Generally, this study was focused on identifying the concept of civil liabilities of the pharmacist concerning pharmaceutical errors. Also, recognizing legislations and laws regarding this responsibility and the methods required to verify the occurrence of such errors by the relevant pharmaceutical institutions, pharmacists. In addition, a set of proposals and recommendations shall be introduced to giving rise to the pharmacist’s civil responsibility that will eventually lead to the introduction of specific laws regarding these issues. . Moreover, Pharmacy is moral and humanitarian in nature. Therefore, it is considered a human and legal relationship between the pharmacist and the patient which ought to be considered top priority and shall also be addressed appropriately. And all necessary precautions shall be taken when dealing with people’s health as the laws and regulations governing the pharmacy profession stipulate. Bearing in mind that conscience and morality are intrinsically in high demand. Palestinian legislations, like much Arab legislation did not regulate the subject of medical responsibility in general and the responsibility of pharmcytical and medical malpractice in particular. However, the general regulations of civil liability in civil law enshrined the subject in question such as the Othman civil code and the Palestinian Bill on Civil Law – should it become law. These errors might lead to death. In my opinion, as a researcher, I felt it worth shedding light, in this research, on some of the legal aspects on the responsibility of the pharmacist’s civil mistakes, especially in medicine. In this regard the researcher divided the dissertation into three chapters. An introduction and two chapters. The researcher, given the nature and concept of the profession of pharmacy divided the preliminary chapter into three sections. The first section addresses the concept of the pharmacist as the most important element in the profession of pharmacy, the researcher also briefly lists the historical development of the profession of pharmacy through the ages. He noted that the development of the profession of pharmacy was gradual. However, I concluded that it started in magic and sorcery and was transformed into theologian medicine passing through an epic of herbal plants and the elements of other nature. Throughout these times there was no apparent separation between medicine and pharmacy. Muslim Scholars Thanks to the separation of the profession of pharmacy for medicine and them back credited in the first opening of the first pharmacy on earth, in the era of Europe was experiencing its crises and darkness came to be the Renaissance, which emerged when many of the sciences, including pharmacology, was only thanks to Muslim scholars in the impact of dropping out to European cities and the transfer of science to the Europeans. After that the researcher profession of pharmacy in terms of concept and conditions of employment exercised and nature of legal Is it a civil or commercial or mixed, and then moved the researcher then went on to study one of the main elements of the profession of pharmacy, but a drug in terms of the concept of the legal, scientific and brought down the Sunder on this introductory chapter examining the vessel in which contains most of the medication errors, but a prescription. The first chapter of this study was devoted researcher of the study staff responsible pharmacist civilian in the field of medicine, into three sections occur in the first where the first corner a mistake drug in terms of concept and image in addition to clarifying the meaning of the defect in the field of medicine, as well as teams researcher between error sense between the public and medical error. The second chapter, the researcher has studied the concept of damage in terms of definition and the various subdivisions that came in the civil laws and the possibility of availability of the damage caused by the error pharmacist. Finally, in the third section dealt with the researcher to the causal relationship between error and harm n addition to the cases that interrupted the causal link between the act and the damage and thus the absence of cases of liability. Chapter II, the last of this study go a researcher in which to talk about the privacy of civil liability in the field of medicine in terms of the legal characterization of the civil liability of the pharmacist in the field of medicine, and the variation in views of legal on the adaptation there of as the responsibility of the streptococcus with his arguments, and others said as tort highlighting their arguments, but others said it strict liability (no line) to attach to the human body and to protect the weaker party, but is injured. Researcher also explained some of the obligations imposed by the specificity of these in terms of commitment to information and promote awareness of and commitment to ensure the safety of the drug sales. The last section of this study the researcher has studied the cases of reduction and exemption of responsibility of the pharmacist in the field of medicine, according to the general rules for the exemption from civil liability and then finally in accordance with the rules and contained in the laws governing this matter. The problem of the study to take shape in the absence of legal rules or special laws concerned with civil liability of a pharmacist on medical error, and this one's justifications for the researcher to study this subject in addition to other reasons such as increased incidence of medical error at the level of the world as a whole. . Finally, and before the curtain comes down on this study the researcher to the number of results, such as lack of a culture of resorting to the judiciary in the area of medication errors and delivery as of fate and then put the researcher the most important recommendations to reduce and minimize the phenomenon of the wrong drug also recommended a number of recommendations including adoption of laws on the responsibility of medical and specifically the responsibility of the pharmacist in the area of medical error.
This study was prepared between March 2009 and October (2010) as an independent graduate study at the faculty of law at Al- Quds University. Generally, this study was focused on identifying the concept of civil liabilities of the pharmacist concerning pharmaceutical errors. Also, recognizing legislations and laws regarding this responsibility and the methods required to verify the occurrence of such errors by the relevant pharmaceutical institutions, pharmacists. In addition, a set of proposals and recommendations shall be introduced to giving rise to the pharmacist’s civil responsibility that will eventually lead to the introduction of specific laws regarding these issues. . Moreover, Pharmacy is moral and humanitarian in nature. Therefore, it is considered a human and legal relationship between the pharmacist and the patient which ought to be considered top priority and shall also be addressed appropriately. And all necessary precautions shall be taken when dealing with people’s health as the laws and regulations governing the pharmacy profession stipulate. Bearing in mind that conscience and morality are intrinsically in high demand. Palestinian legislations, like much Arab legislation did not regulate the subject of medical responsibility in general and the responsibility of pharmcytical and medical malpractice in particular. However, the general regulations of civil liability in civil law enshrined the subject in question such as the Othman civil code and the Palestinian Bill on Civil Law – should it become law. These errors might lead to death. In my opinion, as a researcher, I felt it worth shedding light, in this research, on some of the legal aspects on the responsibility of the pharmacist’s civil mistakes, especially in medicine. In this regard the researcher divided the dissertation into three chapters. An introduction and two chapters. The researcher, given the nature and concept of the profession of pharmacy divided the preliminary chapter into three sections. The first section addresses the concept of the pharmacist as the most important element in the profession of pharmacy, the researcher also briefly lists the historical development of the profession of pharmacy through the ages. He noted that the development of the profession of pharmacy was gradual. However, I concluded that it started in magic and sorcery and was transformed into theologian medicine passing through an epic of herbal plants and the elements of other nature. Throughout these times there was no apparent separation between medicine and pharmacy. Muslim Scholars Thanks to the separation of the profession of pharmacy for medicine and them back credited in the first opening of the first pharmacy on earth, in the era of Europe was experiencing its crises and darkness came to be the Renaissance, which emerged when many of the sciences, including pharmacology, was only thanks to Muslim scholars in the impact of dropping out to European cities and the transfer of science to the Europeans. After that the researcher profession of pharmacy in terms of concept and conditions of employment exercised and nature of legal Is it a civil or commercial or mixed, and then moved the researcher then went on to study one of the main elements of the profession of pharmacy, but a drug in terms of the concept of the legal, scientific and brought down the Sunder on this introductory chapter examining the vessel in which contains most of the medication errors, but a prescription. The first chapter of this study was devoted researcher of the study staff responsible pharmacist civilian in the field of medicine, into three sections occur in the first where the first corner a mistake drug in terms of concept and image in addition to clarifying the meaning of the defect in the field of medicine, as well as teams researcher between error sense between the public and medical error. The second chapter, the researcher has studied the concept of damage in terms of definition and the various subdivisions that came in the civil laws and the possibility of availability of the damage caused by the error pharmacist. Finally, in the third section dealt with the researcher to the causal relationship between error and harm n addition to the cases that interrupted the causal link between the act and the damage and thus the absence of cases of liability. Chapter II, the last of this study go a researcher in which to talk about the privacy of civil liability in the field of medicine in terms of the legal characterization of the civil liability of the pharmacist in the field of medicine, and the variation in views of legal on the adaptation there of as the responsibility of the streptococcus with his arguments, and others said as tort highlighting their arguments, but others said it strict liability (no line) to attach to the human body and to protect the weaker party, but is injured. Researcher also explained some of the obligations imposed by the specificity of these in terms of commitment to information and promote awareness of and commitment to ensure the safety of the drug sales. The last section of this study the researcher has studied the cases of reduction and exemption of responsibility of the pharmacist in the field of medicine, according to the general rules for the exemption from civil liability and then finally in accordance with the rules and contained in the laws governing this matter. The problem of the study to take shape in the absence of legal rules or special laws concerned with civil liability of a pharmacist on medical error, and this one's justifications for the researcher to study this subject in addition to other reasons such as increased incidence of medical error at the level of the world as a whole. . Finally, and before the curtain comes down on this study the researcher to the number of results, such as lack of a culture of resorting to the judiciary in the area of medication errors and delivery as of fate and then put the researcher the most important recommendations to reduce and minimize the phenomenon of the wrong drug also recommended a number of recommendations including adoption of laws on the responsibility of medical and specifically the responsibility of the pharmacist in the area of medical error.
Description
Keywords
القانون , Law