معيار المعقولية في الالتزام العقدي
Date
2024-12-21
Authors
أنال عماد حلمي القيسي
Anal Emad Hilme Alqaise
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
تناولت الدراسة معيار المعقولية التي تم ذكره في العديد من النصوص القانونية وكذلك الاتفاقيات الدولية، حيث استخدم هذا المصطلح في الانظمة القضائية الحديثة التي تسعف القاضي في الوصول الى الحكم الأمثل كما وتم ادراجه ضمن المواثيق الدولية مثل اتفاقية عقد البيع الدولي للبضائع، كما واستخدم للموازنة بين حقوق والتزامات الأطراف المتعاقدة، حيث يقوم هذا المصطلح على فكرة أنه يجب على كل طرف من الأطراف المتعاقدة أن يتحملوا قدراً معقولاً من الالتزامات، كما بينا أن المعقولية هي معيار موضوعي يستخدم ويطبق من قبل القضاء وفق ضوابط معينة.
كما أنه شرع العقد كوسيلة فعالة يمكن للأفراد من خلالها تحقيق مصالحهم المختلفة من خلا اعطائهم مساحة كافية من أجل تنظيم عقودهم استناداً الى مبدأ سلطان الارادة، وان تدخل القاضي بين الأطراف المتعاقدة يكون ضرورياً لتكريس العدالة وحماية الطرف الضعيف كما اقتضت العدالة.
وعليه فقد تم ادراج النصوص القانونية التي تناولت الموضوع كالقانون المدني الاردني والمشروع المدني الفلسطيني ومجلة الاحكام العدلية وقانون التجارة الفلسطيني وقانون البنات الفلسطيني وأصول المحاكمات المدنية والتجارية النافذ وكذلك تم التطرق الى القانون المدني المصري والعراقي وكذلك الى الاتفاقيات مثل اتفاقية لاهاي واتفاقية فيينا للبيع الدولي.
كما قمت بتوضيح مفهوم المعقولية ونطاقها وشروطها وخصائصها والأثار المترتبة على معيار المعقولية ، كما أنه تم التطرق الى الطبيعة القانونية للمعقولية ودور القاضي الايجابي في تطبيق هذا المعيار من خلال تدخله في العقود ولما له من سلطة تقديرية واسعة من خلال معاييرها ومقتضيات العدالة، كما أنه تم توضيح دور القاضي من خلال تدخله في مرحلة ما قبل تنفيذ العقد سواء تعديله أو تفسيره ، ومرحلة تدخله خلال تنفيذ العقد لمواجهة الظروف الطارئة التي أثرت على تحقيق التوازن العقدي للعقد من خلال انقاص الالتزام المرهق أو العمل على وقف التنفيذ حتى زوال أثر الظرف الطارئ ، كما أن تدخل القاضي ليس إلا في الحال نتيجة هذا الظرف دون النظر الى المستقبل ويكون التدخل قضائياً وعند انتهاء الظرف الطارئ تعود قوة العقد الملزمة.
The study delves into the concept of reasonableness, a principle frequently invoked in legal texts and international agreements. The term has been widely adopted in modern judicial systems to assist judges in reaching optimal judgments. Moreover, it has been incorporated into international conventions such as the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods. This principle is grounded in the notion that contracting parties should bear a reasonable share of the obligations arising from their agreements. The study clarifies that reasonableness is an objective standard, applied by courts subject to specific guidelines. The study also examines the role of contracts as effective tools for individuals to achieve their various interests by granting them sufficient leeway to structure their agreements based on the principle of freedom of contract. However, it emphasizes the necessity of judicial intervention to ensure justice and protect weaker parties. The Study analyzes various legal texts that address the concept of reasonableness, including the Jordanian Civil Code, the Palestinian Civil proposal, the Judicial Rulings Journal, the Palestinian Commercial Law, the Palestinian Personal Status Law, the Code of Civil and Commercial Procedure, as well as the Egyptian and Iraqi Civil Codes. Additionally, international agreements such as The Hague Convention and the Vienna Convention on the International Sale of Goods are examined. The study further elucidates the concept of reasonableness, its scope, conditions, characteristics, and legal consequences. It delves into the legal nature of reasonableness and the positive role of judges in applying this standard through their intervention in contracts, given their broad discretionary power. The study also clarifies the role of judges in their intervention before contract execution, such as through amendment or interpretation, and during contract execution to address unforeseen circumstances that disrupt contractual balance, such as reducing burdensome obligations or suspending performance until the extraordinary circumstance ceases. Such judicial intervention is limited to the specific circumstance and is subject to judicial review. Once the circumstance ends, the binding force of the contract is restored. Finally, this study concludes with a set of findings and recommendations.
The study delves into the concept of reasonableness, a principle frequently invoked in legal texts and international agreements. The term has been widely adopted in modern judicial systems to assist judges in reaching optimal judgments. Moreover, it has been incorporated into international conventions such as the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods. This principle is grounded in the notion that contracting parties should bear a reasonable share of the obligations arising from their agreements. The study clarifies that reasonableness is an objective standard, applied by courts subject to specific guidelines. The study also examines the role of contracts as effective tools for individuals to achieve their various interests by granting them sufficient leeway to structure their agreements based on the principle of freedom of contract. However, it emphasizes the necessity of judicial intervention to ensure justice and protect weaker parties. The Study analyzes various legal texts that address the concept of reasonableness, including the Jordanian Civil Code, the Palestinian Civil proposal, the Judicial Rulings Journal, the Palestinian Commercial Law, the Palestinian Personal Status Law, the Code of Civil and Commercial Procedure, as well as the Egyptian and Iraqi Civil Codes. Additionally, international agreements such as The Hague Convention and the Vienna Convention on the International Sale of Goods are examined. The study further elucidates the concept of reasonableness, its scope, conditions, characteristics, and legal consequences. It delves into the legal nature of reasonableness and the positive role of judges in applying this standard through their intervention in contracts, given their broad discretionary power. The study also clarifies the role of judges in their intervention before contract execution, such as through amendment or interpretation, and during contract execution to address unforeseen circumstances that disrupt contractual balance, such as reducing burdensome obligations or suspending performance until the extraordinary circumstance ceases. Such judicial intervention is limited to the specific circumstance and is subject to judicial review. Once the circumstance ends, the binding force of the contract is restored. Finally, this study concludes with a set of findings and recommendations.
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Keywords
Citation
القيسي، أنال عماد. (2024). معيار المعقولية في الالتزام العقدي [رسالة ماجستير منشورة، جامعة القدس، فلسطين]. المستودع الرقمي لجامعة القدس.