قضايا المرأة في الصحافة الفلسطينية دراسة تحليلية مقارنة على عينة من الصحف اليومية

Date
2009-06-15
Authors
سمر شاكر خالد شاهين
Samar Shaker Khalid Shaheen
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Al-Quds University
Abstract
The thesis covers women s issues in the Palestinian press. It conducts an analytical, comparative study, using three daily papers: Al-Quds, Al-Ayyam and Al-Hayat Al-Jadida. The sample of the study consists of every issue published by the three papers during 2006, totalling 1071 issues. The aim of the study is to identify the importance these papers attach to women s issues, the attitude towards these issues, and possible solutions for them. Moreover, the study attempts to identify the roles of women that these papers focus on, and whether there is a link between this and the local reality. The study also identifies the differences in the coverage of the issues, and points to the shortcomings of the coverage and treatment of the issues. It also makes a contribution to developing a media vision for how to cover women issues effectively.The study uses the descriptive approach. However, it also uses a survey, comparison as well as the historical approach. The researcher used a questionnaire which included questions related to form and substance of the coverage by the three papers.The collected data are analysed using various statistical software and techniques,such as SPSS (the Predictive Analytics Data Collection Software), Pearson Product Moment Correlation, Spearman Rank Order Correlation, frequency and percentages.The study shows that the three papers have greater interest in the treatment of non-traditional issues (63.7%), while the traditional issues receive 36.3%. Social issues receive 47.5% of the interest, while political issues get 29.4%. Health issues receive the least inertest: 5.5%. Moreover, the study shows that the issues covered by the three papers are linked to the reality of the Palestinian society (74.7%), while unrelated issues amount to 25.3%. As regards the roles of women, working women receive 21.5% of the attention; the activist women get 20%; and the mother 15%. Female Members of Parliament receive little attention: 3.1%. Similarly, women who made sacrifices receive only 1.3%. One conclusion in the study is that the papers cover issues without attribution to sources (51.5%). Coverage initiated by male amounts to 33.8%, and by a female 14.7%. There is a statistical function regarding the political and social issues on the one hand, and the person initiating the coverage on the other hand. The positive coverage amounts to 64.1%, the negative 22.1%, and the neutral is equivalent to 13.8% The coverage which targets broad readership is equivalent to 37.8%. This indicates that the three papers see women issues as a societal matter which all members of the society must be interested in. Coverage targeting women readers is equivalent to 37.8%, while the coverage aimed at officials amounts to 12.4%. The three papers give priority in the coverage to news item (68.3%), pictures (15%), and articles (4%). Interest in features is minimal: 0.1%. Moreover, the coverage is relegated to the internal pages (93.6%). Only 5.5% of the coverage is on the front pages, and 0.9% on the back page. The coverage which includes no solutions is equivalent to 60.95%, and the rest, 39.1%, is converge which includes solutions. As regard space, the three papers give women issues only 0.35% on average.However, Al-Hayat Al-Jadida gives space equivalent to 0.48% of the total space.Al-Ayyam gives 0.32% of its space, and Al-Quds gives 0.30%. In the light of the conclusions, the study makes several recommendations which include the need to use a variety of forms to achieve better interaction by the readers with the coverage. Also, the papers need to develop plans for their coverage in order to achieve a balanced reporting which includes the roles of women, their achievements and their responsibilities so that women are fairly viewed by society. Moreover, the papers need to provide larger space for the coverage of women issues, taking into consideration the situation of Palestinian women. The papers should give priority to issues of development and improving women s conditions in the fields of health, education, culture and politics.
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