قاعدة "من سعى في نقض ما تم من جهته فسعيه مردود عليه" وتطبيقاتها الفقهية
Date
2023-04-01
Authors
سهير محمد علي أبو علي
suhair mohamad ali abu ali
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
جامعة القدس
Abstract
تناولت في هذه الرسالة قاعدة من سعى في نقض ما تم من جهته فسعيه مردود عليه وتطبيقاتها الفقهية، حيث اتبعت في كتابة هذه الرسالة المنهج الاستقرائي الوصفي الذي يقوم على التتبع والجمع والتحليل، ومن ثم الاستنتاج، وقد قسّمت الرسالة إلى مقدمة وثلاثة فصول وخاتمة، في المقدمة ذكرت مشكلة البحث وأسباب اختياره وأهميته والدراسات السابقة وكذلك منهجي في الرسالة، أما في الفصل الأول فقد تناولت القواعد الفقهية، مفهومها، مصادرها، أنواعها، أهميتها، وقد قسمته إلى ثلاثة مباحث، في المبحث الأول تناولت مفهوم القواعد الفقهية والمصطلحات ذات الصلة، وفي المبحث الثاني تحدثت عن مصادر القواعد الفقهية وحجيتها، وفي المبحث الثالث تناولت أهمية القواعد الفقهية وأقسامها.
أما الفصل الثاني فقد خصصته لشرح القاعدة وذلك بشرح مفرداتها، والتأصيل الشرعي لها، وعلاقتها بالقواعد الأخرى، وقد قسمته إلى أربعة مباحث، في المبحث الأول شرحتُ مفردات القاعدة: "من سعى في نقض ما تم من جهته فسعيه مردود عليه"، وفي المبحث الثاني بيّنتُ مصادر القاعدة ومستندها، وفي المبحث الثالث فقد ذكرتُ أمثلة على القاعدة ومستثنياتها، وفي المبحث الرابع ذكرتُ قواعد وضوابط ذات الصلة بالقاعدة وقد كانت خمسة بنود.
أما في الفصل الثالث فقد خصصتُه للتطبيقات الفقهية للقاعدة، مما يدل على شمول هذه القاعدة وحجيتها في الاستدلال بها في الكثير من المسائل، باتباع المنهج الفقهي المقارن في معالجة المسائل الفقهية المختلف فيها ، مع الاكتفاء بأهم الأدلة التي يستدل بها كل فريق، مع مناقشتها، والترجيح قدر المستطاع، وقسمت هذا الفصل إلى تسعة مباحث وهي على النحو التالي: الرجوع عن الإقرار، الرجوع عن الرهن، الرجوع عن قسمة الميراث، الرجوع عن بيع الفضولي، الرجوع عن بيع الصبي المميز، الرجوع عن ضمان الدرك، الرجوع عن نفقة الزوجة المتراكمة، الرجوع عن تسليم وكيل المستودع، الرجوع عن قسمة العقار المشترك.
وفي نهاية الرسالة ذكرتُ النتائج والتوصيات التي توصلتُ لها، ومن النتائج التي توصلت إليها من خلال دراستي: جواز الاحتجاج بالقواعد الفقهية، واعتمادها في استنباط الأحكام، وأن القاعدة الفقهية "من سعى في نقض ما تم من جهته فسعيه مردود عليه" تستند إلى أدلة من القرآن الكريم والسنة النبوية والمعقول، وأنها وردت في العديد من المصادر منها ما هو مختص بعلم القواعد، ومنها ما هو مختص بالفروع الفقهية.
وختمتُ بالمراجع والفهارس للآيات والأحاديث وكذلك لفهرست الموضوعات.
In this study, I have dealt with one of the most important rules of jurisprudence and fundamentalism, which is the rule of “Who Worked to Revoke what has Done from his Side his Exhort Retoured to him.” and its Philology Applications, and t is one of the most important basics in Islamic Philology, as the Hanafi school was unique in mentioning it from the rest of the other schools of jurisprudence, but its special branches, issues and applications agree with them. The thesis was divided into an introduction, a preamble, two chapters, and a conclusion. In the introduction, I mentioned the research problem, the reasons for choosing it, its importance, previous studies, as well as my methodology in the research. In the first chapter, I devoted it to explaining the rule by identifying its terms, its Shari'a reference, and its relationship to other rules. As for the second chapter, I devoted it to the jurisprudential applications of the rule, which indicates the comprehensiveness of this rule and its authority in inferring from it in many issues, by following the comparative jurisprudential approach in dealing with controversial jurisprudential issues, while being satisfied with the most important evidence that each team infers, with its discussion, and weighting as much as possible. At the end of the study, I found some findings and recommendations, including the findings that I reached through my study: the permissibility of claiming the validity of jurisprudential rules, and relying on them in extracting rules, and that the jurisprudential rule “Who Worked to Revoke what has Done from his Side his Exhort Retoured to him” it is based on evidence from the Holy Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet and the reasonable, and that it was mentioned in many references, including what is concerned with the science of fundamentals, and some of which is concerned with the branches of jurisprudence. The recommendation was focused on urging the study of jurisprudence rules that were not researched and studied in university theses, so to enrich the library with important topics. I concluded the study with references and indexes of verses and hadiths, as well as an index of topics.
In this study, I have dealt with one of the most important rules of jurisprudence and fundamentalism, which is the rule of “Who Worked to Revoke what has Done from his Side his Exhort Retoured to him.” and its Philology Applications, and t is one of the most important basics in Islamic Philology, as the Hanafi school was unique in mentioning it from the rest of the other schools of jurisprudence, but its special branches, issues and applications agree with them. The thesis was divided into an introduction, a preamble, two chapters, and a conclusion. In the introduction, I mentioned the research problem, the reasons for choosing it, its importance, previous studies, as well as my methodology in the research. In the first chapter, I devoted it to explaining the rule by identifying its terms, its Shari'a reference, and its relationship to other rules. As for the second chapter, I devoted it to the jurisprudential applications of the rule, which indicates the comprehensiveness of this rule and its authority in inferring from it in many issues, by following the comparative jurisprudential approach in dealing with controversial jurisprudential issues, while being satisfied with the most important evidence that each team infers, with its discussion, and weighting as much as possible. At the end of the study, I found some findings and recommendations, including the findings that I reached through my study: the permissibility of claiming the validity of jurisprudential rules, and relying on them in extracting rules, and that the jurisprudential rule “Who Worked to Revoke what has Done from his Side his Exhort Retoured to him” it is based on evidence from the Holy Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet and the reasonable, and that it was mentioned in many references, including what is concerned with the science of fundamentals, and some of which is concerned with the branches of jurisprudence. The recommendation was focused on urging the study of jurisprudence rules that were not researched and studied in university theses, so to enrich the library with important topics. I concluded the study with references and indexes of verses and hadiths, as well as an index of topics.
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Citation
أبو علي، سهير محمد. (2023). قاعدة "من سعى في نقض ما تم من جهته فسعيه مردود عليه" وتطبيقاتها الفقهية
[رسالة ماجستير منشورة، جامعة القدس، فلسطين]. المستودع الرقمي لجامعة القدس. https://arab-
scholars.com/7b55d7