The prevelance of depressive and anxity symbtoms among adolecants in bethlehem non governmental schools
Date
2022-05-30
Authors
Ibrahim Ahmad Awwad Salim
ابراهيم احمد عواد سليم
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
تعتبر مرحلة المراهقة من المراحل الحساسية في حياة الانسان التطورية بما انها تعد مرحلة انتقالية من كون الانسان طفل يكونه بالغ. هذا التغير يحمل في طياته العديد من التعيرات البيولوجية، الادراكية، السلوكية بالاضافة الى الضغوطات التي يمكن ان تحفز ظهور اعراض الاكتئاب و القلق بينهم.
تظهر اعراض القلق والاكتئاب عند حوالي ما يعادل (39.5%) من مجتمع المراهقين، ويعتد بانه خلال مرحلة المراهقة تحدث نوبات الاكتئاب والقلق عند المراهقين على الاقل مرة واحدة عند 10% من الاطفال وذلك على اقل تقدير.
وتهدف هذه الدراسة الى التعرف على نسب انتشار اعراض القلق والاكتئاب بين المراهقين في المدارس غير الحكومية في محافظة بيت لحم.
ولتحقيق حدف الدراسة، تم عمل دراسة مقطعية استهدفت (973) طفل وطفلة من المدارس غير الحكومية في بيت لحم. وقد تم استهدام مقياس بيك للأكتئاب والذي يعد مقياس استجابة ذاتي ويقيس اعراض الاكتئاب، بالاضافة الى مقياس سبيلبيرجر للقلق كحالة والذي يستخدم في قياس نسب انتشار القلق كحالة. وتتكون عينة الدراسة من (217) طالب من الصف العاشر والصف الحادي عشر والذين تم اختيارهم بطريقة العينة القصدية غير العشوائية من المدارس التي تم انتقائها بطريقة عشوائية.
تم ادخال البيانات وتحليلها بأستخدام برنامج الرزم الاحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية (SPSS) رقم 21، وقد تم استخدام عدة اساليب احصائية وصفية و قياسية مثل التكرارات، النسب المؤية ، واختبار (ت) للفروق بين المجموعات و اختبار التباين الاحادي (ANOVA) بالاضافة الى اختبار توكي لفحص الفروق بين المجموعات. اظهرت نتائج البحث بأن 53.6% من الطلاب لديهم الحد الادنى من اعراض الاكتئاب، بينما كان هناك 46.4% ظهرت لديهم اعراض اكتئاب بناء على نقة نقطة الحسم والتي كانت 17 فأعلى بناء على اختبار بيك للاكتئاب. واظهرت النتائج ان 18.6% من المشاركين يعانون من اعراض اكتئاب متوسطة، بينما يعاني 20.2% من المشاركين من اعراض اكتئابية حادة. ومن ناحية اخرى.
وجدت الدراسة بأن معظم المشاركين والبالغ نسبتهم 62.5% لا يعانون من اعراض القلق كحالة، بينما كان هناك 38.5% من المشاركين يعانون من اعراض القلق كحالة بناء على مقياس سبيلبيرغر لقياس القلق كحالة. بالاضافة الى ذلك، اظهرت نتائج الدراسة بأن هناك علاقات ذات دلالة احصائية بين اعراض الاكتئاب والجنس، ومنطقة السكن، و دخل الاسرة، و التحصيل الاكاديمي، و الحالة الاجتماعية للعائلة.، وايضا اظهرت النتائج ان هناك دلاله احصائية بين اعراض القلق كحالة و بين الجنس والحالة الزواجية للعائلة.
وبناء على نتائج الدراسة الحالية فانه على ادارة المدارس وصناع القرار ان يعززوا جهودهم فيما يتعلق بزيادة منالية الوصول الى الخدمات النفس اجتماعة وخدمات الارشاد للمراهقين، بالاضافة الى زيادة وعي الطلبة باعراض الاكتئاب والقلق من خلال استحداث برامج التثقيف والتوعية في المدارس.
Adolescence stage considered one of the most sensitive stages in human being development as it is a transformation stage from being a child to be an adult. This transformation holds several biological, conative and behavioral changes and pressures which would be trigger to depression and anxiety among them. Depressive and anxiety symptoms have been estimated to occur in up to (39.5%) of some adolescent populations, and it is believed that during adolescence, a depressive episode is likely to take place at least once during the adolescent time period in (10%) of adolescents (Zhou et al., 2020). The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms among adolescents at Bethlehem non-governmental schools. To achieve the study objective, a cross sectional study was conducted that targeted a population of (973 students) from Bethlehem non-governmental schools. Beck depression inventory which is a self-report questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms besides Spielberger state anxiety inventory which was used to assess the prevalence of state anxiety. The sample consisted of (317) students from tenth and eleventh grades who were selected conveniently from the randomly selected schools. The questionnaires were tabulated and analyzed using (SPSS) software version 21 by using descriptive analysis and parametric tests such as frequency, percentage, T-tests, ANOVA and Tukey tests. The results of the study presented that 53.6% of the students had minimal depressive symptoms of depression while 46.4% appeared to have depressive symptoms in reference to a total of 17 as a cutoff point according to BDI inventory. The results showed that 18.6% of the participants had moderate depressive symptoms while 20.2% had severe depressive symptoms. On the other hand, the study found that the majority if the participants (62.5%) had no anxiety symptoms, while 38.5% had anxiety symptoms according to Spielberger state anxiety inventory. Moreover, the study findings indicated that there was a statically significant relationship between depression and gender, region of living, living area, family income, school achievement and parent’s marital status. While, a statically significant relationship was found between state anxiety and gender and parent’s material statues. There are several writers address the correlation between anxiety and depression they mention that the feeling of depression as a circle. (Spielberger, 1983) mentioned that when we get anxious, we tend to have this pervasive thinking about some worry or some problem, which lead into creating negative thoughts which affects mood and my result depression.” (Spielberger, 1983). Therefore, the schools administrative and decision makers need to increase their efforts in term of facilitating the accessibility to psychosocial and counseling services, disseminating awareness materials relating to depression and anxiety symptoms.
Adolescence stage considered one of the most sensitive stages in human being development as it is a transformation stage from being a child to be an adult. This transformation holds several biological, conative and behavioral changes and pressures which would be trigger to depression and anxiety among them. Depressive and anxiety symptoms have been estimated to occur in up to (39.5%) of some adolescent populations, and it is believed that during adolescence, a depressive episode is likely to take place at least once during the adolescent time period in (10%) of adolescents (Zhou et al., 2020). The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms among adolescents at Bethlehem non-governmental schools. To achieve the study objective, a cross sectional study was conducted that targeted a population of (973 students) from Bethlehem non-governmental schools. Beck depression inventory which is a self-report questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms besides Spielberger state anxiety inventory which was used to assess the prevalence of state anxiety. The sample consisted of (317) students from tenth and eleventh grades who were selected conveniently from the randomly selected schools. The questionnaires were tabulated and analyzed using (SPSS) software version 21 by using descriptive analysis and parametric tests such as frequency, percentage, T-tests, ANOVA and Tukey tests. The results of the study presented that 53.6% of the students had minimal depressive symptoms of depression while 46.4% appeared to have depressive symptoms in reference to a total of 17 as a cutoff point according to BDI inventory. The results showed that 18.6% of the participants had moderate depressive symptoms while 20.2% had severe depressive symptoms. On the other hand, the study found that the majority if the participants (62.5%) had no anxiety symptoms, while 38.5% had anxiety symptoms according to Spielberger state anxiety inventory. Moreover, the study findings indicated that there was a statically significant relationship between depression and gender, region of living, living area, family income, school achievement and parent’s marital status. While, a statically significant relationship was found between state anxiety and gender and parent’s material statues. There are several writers address the correlation between anxiety and depression they mention that the feeling of depression as a circle. (Spielberger, 1983) mentioned that when we get anxious, we tend to have this pervasive thinking about some worry or some problem, which lead into creating negative thoughts which affects mood and my result depression.” (Spielberger, 1983). Therefore, the schools administrative and decision makers need to increase their efforts in term of facilitating the accessibility to psychosocial and counseling services, disseminating awareness materials relating to depression and anxiety symptoms.