أحكام التكسب من تطبيقات مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي في الفقه الإسلامي
Date
2023-01-09
Authors
فراس زكريا أحمد شقيرات
Feras Zakaria Ahmad Shqerat
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
سعت هذه الدراسة إلى بيان كيفية التكسب من تطبيقات مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي، ومعرفة القواعد الفقهية الضابطة لذلك، وبيان الأحكام الشرعية للتكسب من تطبيقات التواصل الاجتماعي ومناقشتها وبيان حكمها الشرعي.
ولتحقيق هذه الأهداف استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي، كما استعان الباحث بالمنهج التحليلي، وتناول الباحث موضوعات عدة لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة، كان أبرزها في الفصل الأول ماهية المواقع والتطبيقات الإلكترونية.
وجاء الموضوع الثاني تحت عنوان وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي وأنواعها، وتمّ فيه تفصيل خمسة أنواع منها، وهي الفيس بوك واليوتيوب والتيك توك والواتس آب ثم الإنستغرام، وتمّ إيضاح أنّ وسيلة التواصل الاجتماعي هي منظومة من الشبكات الإلكترونية عبر الإنترنت تتيح للمشترك فيها إنشاء موقع خاص به، ومن ثم ربطه من خلال نظام اجتماعي إلكتروني مع أعضاء آخرين، وتمّ عرضها من حيث التطبيق والمفهوم والنشأة والمزايا والعيوب.
وحمل الفصل الثاني عنوان مفهوم التكسب من تطبيقات مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي والحكم العام لذلك، وقسّم إلى مبحثين، الأول مفهوم التكسب من تطبيقات مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي، تم فيه عرض معنى التكسب على أنّه طلب الرزق والمعيشة وتحصيل المال من وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي.
أما المبحث الثاني فكان عن الحكم العام للتكسب من تطبيقات مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي، حيث تم إيضاح حكم التكسب في الشريعة الإسلامية من حيث الحكم التكليفي للاكتساب ومن لا يكلف بالاكتساب.
وكان الفصل الثالث تحت عنوان محددات وضوابط عامة في التعامل مع تطبيقات مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي، وتمّ تقسيمه إلى ثلاثة مباحث؛ كان المبحث الأول عن طرق التكسب وضوابطه العامة، وتم تفصيل أحكام التكسب في الشريعة الإسلامية، وطرق كسب المال المشروعة وغير المشروعة، وطرق المكاسب غير المُطَّرِدَة، كالمكاسب بغير عوض، وطرق كسب المال غير المشروعة كالمكاسب المحرَّمة لذاتها. وتم فيه أيضًا إيضاح الضوابط الشرعية في التكسب من المواقع والتطبيقات الإلكترونية.
وتناول المبحث الثالث بعض القواعد العامة في التعامل مع المال الحرام، (كقاعدة أكل المال بالباطل حرام)، والتي تفيد تحريم أكل مال الناس بالباطل، والباطل هو أكل مال الغير بغير حق، وبما لا يحل شرعًا كالغرر والربا. و(قاعدة وجوب التخلص من الربح العائد من وجه محظور)، والتي تنص على وجوب التخلص من الربح الحاصل من وجه محظور غير مشروع، بإخراجه في وجوه الخير ومصالح المسلمين العامة. و(قاعدة إذا اختلط المال الحلال بالحرام فيجب إخراج قدر الحرام والباقي حلال)، التي تدل على أن مال الإنسان الحلال إذا اختلط بمال حرام، فواجب على صاحبه إخراج المال الحرام من ماله.
وتمّ تخصيص الفصل الرابع لطرق التكسب من تطبيقات التواصل الاجتماعي وأحكامها، وشمل على تسعة مباحث، كان المبحث الأول عن الكسب من الإعلانات، وتمّ فيه عرض طرق التكسب منها، وأنها تكيف على الإجارة، وهي طريقة جائزة للتكسب إذا التزم فيها بالضوابط الشرعية للإجارة والإعلان.
وجاء المبحث الثاني متناولاً طرق التكسب من بيع الصور والمنتجات الرقمية والشارات، فتمّ فيه عرض أدوات وأساليب التكسب منها، وتم تكييفها على أنها بيع لمنتجات رقمية، وحكمها الشرعي الجواز لعدم وجود ما يحرمها.
وتناول المبحث الثالث التكسب من تنزيلات الملفات، وحكمها الشرعي الجواز؛ لكونها جعالة من الموقع للشخص الذي ينشر الرابط، والجعالة مشروعة. والمبحث الرابع جاء عن التكسب من إدارة صفحات الغير وحملات المؤثرين، وآلية التكسب منها، وأنها عقد إجارة للقيام بمنفعة -إدارة الصفحة- مقابل الحصول على أجر، وهي معاملة جائزة شرعًا. والمبحث الخامس عن أحكام التكسب من التسويق بعمولة، وهي جائزة؛ لكونها جعالة، والجعالة مشروعة.
وبين المبحث السادس جواز التكسب من إنشاء حساب وبيعه؛ لأنها عقد إجارة على عمل مباح هو إنشاء صفحة على وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي. وفي المبحث السابع والثامن تم بيان طريقة التكسب من اشتراكات المتابعين، والمزايا الخاصة، وأنها جائزة؛ لكونها عقد إجارة على منفعة ميزات خاصة مقابل مبلغ محدد. وأوضح المبحث التاسع آلية التكسب من تبرعات المتابعين، وأنها هبة منهم لصناع المحتوى.
ومن أهم النتائج التي توصلت إليها الدراسة أنَّ الأصل في التكسب من وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي الإباحة إذا التزم المتكسب بالضوابط الشرعية للتكسب من وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي. وأوصت الدراسة المجامع الفقهية دراسة مسائل التكسب من التطبيقات والمواقع الإلكترونية بشكل موسع.
This study sought to clarify the reality of applications and websites, to identify how to earn and to profit in applications and websites, to know the jurisprudential rules governing earning and to profit, and to explain the mechanism and legal rulings related to earning and profiting from social media applications, their discussion and their legal ruling. To achieve these goals, the researcher followed the scientific methodology used in the research, and dealt with several topics to achieve the objectives of the study, the most prominent of which was in the first chapter, what are websites and electronic applications, as the website was defined as a group of web pages belonging to one person or company, linked with links Command scripts, and the final form of these sites has been reached as a result of the tremendous advances in technology, turning the online browsing process into a simple process. The second topic came under the title of social media and its types, in which five types were detailed, which are Facebook, YouTube, Tik Tok, WhatsApp, and then Instagram. Then he linked it through an electronic social system with other members, and it was presented in terms of application, concept, origin, advantages and disadvantages. The second chapter bears the title of the provisions of profit and profit in Islamic jurisprudence, divided into two sections. And the sole owner of the money bears the loss and the two parties participate in sharing the output only, then talk about the provisions of profit and its jurisprudential controls. As for the second topic, it was about the provisions of earning money in Islamic jurisprudence, the ruling on earning money in Islamic law has been clarified in terms of the mandated provision for acquisition and who is not charged with earning. Without compensation, and ways of earning illegal money such as earnings that are forbidden for themselves, then talking about the legal controls in earning from electronic sites and applications, including the one who earns from these electronic sites and applications to have faith values, master the work and perform it well, and the earner should be selfevaluation following up on his work affairs Disciplined and committed to the rules and regulations. The third chapter was under the title of Fiqh Rules for Earning and Profiting, and it was divided into four sections; The first topic was about the rule of eating money unlawfully, and it was clarified in it that the prohibition of eating people’s money unlawfully is forbidden, and falsehood is eating the money of others unjustly, and in what is not legally permissible, such as deception and usury and other things that are forbidden by Sharia. The second topic dealt with the rule of giving charity on profit from a prohibited way, as the study showed that the significance of this rule confirms that every profit that a person obtains from a prohibited illegal way, he must give it in charity and in the general interests of Muslims, because it is a forbidden profit for which it is not permissible for him to benefit. with it. The third topic details the rule that if the halal money is mixed with the forbidden, then the amount of the forbidden must be taken out and the rest is permissible with its images and issues, and that if the lawful is mixed with the forbidden, and the forbidden money is known to the eye from usurpation, or a deposit, in this case he distinguishes the forbidden, if it is mixed, and the fate is known as the one who Half of his money is haram, so he has to distinguish the halal from the haram. The fourth topic dealt with the rule of origin in the freedom of profit, and this rule states that the Muslim has complete will and freedom to choose any method of profit even if there is nothing in the Islamic Sharia that stipulates its permissibility, as long as the Islamic Sharia does not stipulate its prohibition. The fourth chapter was devoted to the provisions of earning and profiting from social networking applications, and it included five sections. The first section was about the provisions of earning and profiting from the Facebook application, in which the methods of earning from it and its applications were presented, and the Sharia ruling on earning in every method and application. The second topic dealt with the provisions of earning and profiting from the YouTube application, in which the tools and methods of earning from YouTube were presented, then the discussion of the ruling on earning and profiting from these applications. The third topic dealt with the provisions of earning and profiting from the application of Tik Tok, its methods, and its legal ruling. And the fourth topic came about the provisions of earning and profiting from the application of WhatsApp and its methods and its legal ruling. The fifth topic deals with the provisions of earning and profiting from the application of Instagram, its methods, and its legal ruling.
This study sought to clarify the reality of applications and websites, to identify how to earn and to profit in applications and websites, to know the jurisprudential rules governing earning and to profit, and to explain the mechanism and legal rulings related to earning and profiting from social media applications, their discussion and their legal ruling. To achieve these goals, the researcher followed the scientific methodology used in the research, and dealt with several topics to achieve the objectives of the study, the most prominent of which was in the first chapter, what are websites and electronic applications, as the website was defined as a group of web pages belonging to one person or company, linked with links Command scripts, and the final form of these sites has been reached as a result of the tremendous advances in technology, turning the online browsing process into a simple process. The second topic came under the title of social media and its types, in which five types were detailed, which are Facebook, YouTube, Tik Tok, WhatsApp, and then Instagram. Then he linked it through an electronic social system with other members, and it was presented in terms of application, concept, origin, advantages and disadvantages. The second chapter bears the title of the provisions of profit and profit in Islamic jurisprudence, divided into two sections. And the sole owner of the money bears the loss and the two parties participate in sharing the output only, then talk about the provisions of profit and its jurisprudential controls. As for the second topic, it was about the provisions of earning money in Islamic jurisprudence, the ruling on earning money in Islamic law has been clarified in terms of the mandated provision for acquisition and who is not charged with earning. Without compensation, and ways of earning illegal money such as earnings that are forbidden for themselves, then talking about the legal controls in earning from electronic sites and applications, including the one who earns from these electronic sites and applications to have faith values, master the work and perform it well, and the earner should be selfevaluation following up on his work affairs Disciplined and committed to the rules and regulations. The third chapter was under the title of Fiqh Rules for Earning and Profiting, and it was divided into four sections; The first topic was about the rule of eating money unlawfully, and it was clarified in it that the prohibition of eating people’s money unlawfully is forbidden, and falsehood is eating the money of others unjustly, and in what is not legally permissible, such as deception and usury and other things that are forbidden by Sharia. The second topic dealt with the rule of giving charity on profit from a prohibited way, as the study showed that the significance of this rule confirms that every profit that a person obtains from a prohibited illegal way, he must give it in charity and in the general interests of Muslims, because it is a forbidden profit for which it is not permissible for him to benefit. with it. The third topic details the rule that if the halal money is mixed with the forbidden, then the amount of the forbidden must be taken out and the rest is permissible with its images and issues, and that if the lawful is mixed with the forbidden, and the forbidden money is known to the eye from usurpation, or a deposit, in this case he distinguishes the forbidden, if it is mixed, and the fate is known as the one who Half of his money is haram, so he has to distinguish the halal from the haram. The fourth topic dealt with the rule of origin in the freedom of profit, and this rule states that the Muslim has complete will and freedom to choose any method of profit even if there is nothing in the Islamic Sharia that stipulates its permissibility, as long as the Islamic Sharia does not stipulate its prohibition. The fourth chapter was devoted to the provisions of earning and profiting from social networking applications, and it included five sections. The first section was about the provisions of earning and profiting from the Facebook application, in which the methods of earning from it and its applications were presented, and the Sharia ruling on earning in every method and application. The second topic dealt with the provisions of earning and profiting from the YouTube application, in which the tools and methods of earning from YouTube were presented, then the discussion of the ruling on earning and profiting from these applications. The third topic dealt with the provisions of earning and profiting from the application of Tik Tok, its methods, and its legal ruling. And the fourth topic came about the provisions of earning and profiting from the application of WhatsApp and its methods and its legal ruling. The fifth topic deals with the provisions of earning and profiting from the application of Instagram, its methods, and its legal ruling.
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Citation
شقيرات، فراس زكريا. (2023). أحكام التكسب من تطبيقات مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي في الفقه الإسلامي
[رسالة ماجستير منشورة، جامعة القدس، فلسطين]. المستودع الرقمي لجامعة القدس. https://arab-
scholars.com/37125a