Association between Diabetes and the Outcome of COVID-19 in Bethlehem- Palestine: A Case-Control Study
Date
2023-01-02
Authors
Mohammad Jumah Mahmoud Zeer
محمد جمعة محمود زير
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Al-Quds University
Abstract
خلفية الدراسة: أظهرت الأمراض المزمنة مثل أمراض الرئة المزمنة وأمراض القلب والأوعية الدموية والسكري وارتفاع ضغط الدم والفشل الكلوي ارتباطًا إيجابيًا مع حدة الاصابة بكوفيد-19 وزيادة العرضة للاصابة بالفشل الرئوي وحتى الوفاة.
لا توجد دراسة تبحث في العلاقة بين مرض السكري وحدة الاصابة بكوفيد-19ٌ في فلسطين , لذلك هدفت هذه الدراسة الى تحديد تأثير الاصابة بكوفيد-19 على مرضى السكري من خلال دراسة العديد من المتغيرات مثل الاجتماعية والديموغرافية والاعراض والعلامات الحيوية والفحوصات المخبرية.
منهجية الدراسة: الدراسة عبارة عن دراسة للحالات والضوابط , اجريت الدراسة بين 417 مشاركًا (198 حالة ، 219 ضابطة) تم ادخالهم الى المركز الوطني الفلسطيني للتأهيل في فترة ما بين شهر مارس /2020 الى شهر حزيران 2021.
كانت الحلات عبارة عن ذوي النتيجة الإيجابية للاصابة بمرض كوفيد- 19 ومريض سكري بينما كانت الضوابط ممكن كانت لهم نتيجة إيجابية للاصابة بكوفيد-19 وغير مصابين بمرض السكري,وتم استخدام ملقات المرضى لجمع المعلومات التي تجيب عن اسئلة الدراسة.
النتائج: أظهرت النتائج ان متوسط عمر المشاركين 58 ، تتراوح أعمارهم بين 17 إلى 98 سنة ، وكانت نسبة الذكور أعلى من الإناث في هذه الدراسة (53.5٪) من المشاركين ، بناءً على نتائج المرضى فان عدد الوفيات كان 59 مريضاً ,وبلغ معدل الوفيات (14.2٪)، 39 منهم من مرضى السكري ، 24 مريضا يعانون من أمراض القلب والأوعية الدموية (5.7٪) ، 140 مريضا يعانون من ارتفاع ضغط الدم (33.6٪) و 27 مريضا يعانون من أمراض الكلى (6.5٪).
وقد تبين بعد عمل التحليل متعدد المتغيرات للمقارنة بين مرضى السكري وغير المصابين بمرض السكري والذي أظهر أن مرضى السكري كانوا معرضين لخطرلإصابة بفيروس كوفيد-19 بنسب (1.63) مرة أكثر من غير مرضى السكري.
الخلاصة: هذه الدراسة هي الأولى التي بحثت في العلاقة بين مرض السكري والاصابة بكوفيد-19 في فلسطين, و تم استخدام دراسة حالات و الضوابط للإجابة على اسئلة الدراسة, حيث يعتبر مرض السكري أحد عوامل التي ترتبط بحدة الاصابة بكوفيد-19 ،و تتوافق معظم نتائج هذه الدراسة مع الدراسات الدولية الأخرى التي تفحص تأثير كوفيد-19 على مرضى السكري مع اختلاف بسيط في العدد و النسبة المئوية.
وقد ظهرت علاقة ارتباط بين العمر وضغط الدم ,ضيق النفس,والحاجة الى تزويد بالاكسجين,كذلك فحوصات وظائف الكلى وايام المكوث بالمستشفى مع حدة الاصابة بكوفيد-19 بينما لم تكون علاقة بين الجنس ومرضى القلب وفحوصات الكبد مع حدة الاصابة بكوفيد-19.
Background: Chronic diseases such as chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension, kidney failure showed positive correlation with the severity of COVID-19 and more susceptibility to respiratory failure and death. There is no study investigating the relationship between diabetes and COVID-19 outcome in Palestine, so this study aimed to determine the effect of COVID-19 on diabetes patients by examining multiple variables such as socio-demographic variables, history of chronic diseases, Signs and Symptoms, laboratory tests, vital signs, and the composite of COVID-19 outcome. Study Methodology: A case-control design. Conducted among 417 participants (198 cases, 219 controls) admitted to Palestinian National Center for Rehabilitation from March 2020 to June 2021. Cases were who had positive COVID-19 tests with diabetes; Controls were who had positive COVID-19 tests without diabetes. Patients' files were used to collect information that answers the study questions. Results: The mean age of patients was 58 years old, ranging from 17 to 98 years old, and the percentage of males was higher than females in this study (53.5%) of the participant, based on patient outcomes 59 patients die, and Case Fatality Rate CFR was (14.2%), 39 of them were diabetes patient, 24 patients had cardiovascular disease (5.7%), 140 patients had hypertension (33.6%) and 27 patients had kidney disease (6.5%), diabetes (47.4%), the multivariate analysis used to compare between diabetes and non-diabetes patient which showed that the diabetes patients were high risk for COVID-19 infection by 1.63 fold more than non – diabetes patient ( Adjustment Odds Ratio (AOR) 1.63, Confidence Interval CI=0.354-1.856). Conclusion: This study is the first study that investigated the association between diabetes status and the severity of COVID-19 outcomes in Palestine. A case control study was used to answer the study question, moreover, diabetes is a risk factor and associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes and a high mortality rate, the most of this study finding is compatible with other international studies that examine the effect of COVID-19 on diabetes patients with a small difference in number and percentage. Age, Hypertension, kidney disease, shortness of breath, the requirement of oxygen, D: Dimer, C - reactive protein (CRP), Kidney Function Test (KFT), and days of hospitalization were associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes, whereas genders, cardiovascular disease, Liver Function Test (LFT) were not associated with severe COVID-19 outcome.
Background: Chronic diseases such as chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension, kidney failure showed positive correlation with the severity of COVID-19 and more susceptibility to respiratory failure and death. There is no study investigating the relationship between diabetes and COVID-19 outcome in Palestine, so this study aimed to determine the effect of COVID-19 on diabetes patients by examining multiple variables such as socio-demographic variables, history of chronic diseases, Signs and Symptoms, laboratory tests, vital signs, and the composite of COVID-19 outcome. Study Methodology: A case-control design. Conducted among 417 participants (198 cases, 219 controls) admitted to Palestinian National Center for Rehabilitation from March 2020 to June 2021. Cases were who had positive COVID-19 tests with diabetes; Controls were who had positive COVID-19 tests without diabetes. Patients' files were used to collect information that answers the study questions. Results: The mean age of patients was 58 years old, ranging from 17 to 98 years old, and the percentage of males was higher than females in this study (53.5%) of the participant, based on patient outcomes 59 patients die, and Case Fatality Rate CFR was (14.2%), 39 of them were diabetes patient, 24 patients had cardiovascular disease (5.7%), 140 patients had hypertension (33.6%) and 27 patients had kidney disease (6.5%), diabetes (47.4%), the multivariate analysis used to compare between diabetes and non-diabetes patient which showed that the diabetes patients were high risk for COVID-19 infection by 1.63 fold more than non – diabetes patient ( Adjustment Odds Ratio (AOR) 1.63, Confidence Interval CI=0.354-1.856). Conclusion: This study is the first study that investigated the association between diabetes status and the severity of COVID-19 outcomes in Palestine. A case control study was used to answer the study question, moreover, diabetes is a risk factor and associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes and a high mortality rate, the most of this study finding is compatible with other international studies that examine the effect of COVID-19 on diabetes patients with a small difference in number and percentage. Age, Hypertension, kidney disease, shortness of breath, the requirement of oxygen, D: Dimer, C - reactive protein (CRP), Kidney Function Test (KFT), and days of hospitalization were associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes, whereas genders, cardiovascular disease, Liver Function Test (LFT) were not associated with severe COVID-19 outcome.