Outdoor Radiofrequency Radiation Levels in the West Bank-Palestine
Date
2011-08-10
Authors
Lahham, Adnan
Hammash, Alaa
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Oxford University Press
Abstract
This work presents the results of exposure levels to radio frequency (RF) emission from different sources in the environment of
the West Bank—Palestine. These RF emitters include FM and TV broadcasting stations and mobile phone base stations.
Power densities were measured at 65 locations distributed over the West Bank area. These locations include mainly centres of
the major cities. Also a 24 h activity level was investigated for a mobile phone base station to determine the maximum activity
level for this kind of RF emitters. All measurements were conducted at a height of 1.7 m above ground level using hand held
Narda SRM 3000 spectrum analyzer with isotropic antenna capable of collecting RF signals in the frequency band from 75
MHz to 3 GHz. The average value of power density resulted from FM radio broadcasting in all investigated locations was
0.148 mW cm22, from TV broadcasting was 0.007 mW cm22 and from mobile phone base station was 0.089 mW cm22. The
maximum total exposure evaluated at any location was 3.86 mW cm22. The corresponding exposure quotient calculated for
this site was 0.02. This value is well below unity indicating compliance with the International Commission on non-ionising
Radiation protection guidelines. Contributions from all relevant RF sources to the total exposure were evaluated and found to
be ∼62 % from FM radio, 3 % for TV broadcasting and 35 % from mobile phone base stations. The average total exposure
from all investigated RF sources was 0.37 mW cm22.