Personal exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields among palestinian adults
Date
2019-10-03
Authors
Lahham, Adnan
Ayyad, Haitham
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Abstract
This work deals with the assessment of personal exposure
to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and the study of
temporal and spatial daily variations in a group of 24 adults from
the West Bank, Palestine. Exposure was measured using a personal
exposure meter EME SPY 140. Mean values of exposure
levels from different radiofrequency sources were calculated using
both naive and robust regression on order statistics approaches.
The total daily exposure from all radiofrequency electromagnetic
field sources varied widelyamong participants depending on their
location, the mobile network they use, their activities, and their
mode of transportation, ranging from about 0.2 V m−1 to 0.9 V m−1.
The average total daily exposure of all participants was about
0.48 V m−1. The main contribution to the mean exposure was from
WiFi 2G (45%), GSM900 uplink (19%), GSM900 downlink, and
FM radiobroadcasting (each by 11%). Other sources including
GSM1800, UMTS2100, WiFi 5G, DECT, TETRA, WiMAX, and
TV bands all together contributed 14%. During different activities,
participants were exposed to the highest exposure level while traveling
and to the lowest exposure while they were sleeping. During
the day, participants received the highest exposure during the
time period from 1600 to 2400 h. Based on thermal effect of radiofrequency
electromagnetic fields, all evaluated personal exposures
comply with guidelines recommended for the general public by the
International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection.
Health Phys. 117(4):396–402; 2019
Description
Keywords
electromagnetic fields , health effects , radiation , nonionizing , radiofrequency radiation