السياسة الأميركية تجاه قضية اللاجئين الفلسطينيين 2000-1948
Date
2011-01-01
Authors
فاتن محمد بدر الزماعره
Faten Mohammad Bader Al-Zama`ra
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
AL-Quds University
جامعة القدس
جامعة القدس
Abstract
This study examines U.S policy towards the issue of the Palestinian refugees
in the period extending from 1948 to 2000; This period has witnessed many
developments in the issue of the Palestinian refugees on the international
scene in the light of regional changes that have largely affected the
development of the U.S. foreign policy. Recent developments such as the
1993 Oslo Accords has contributed in complicating the course of events,
Israeli diplomacy has been characterized as aiming to blur the issue
Palestinian rights.
The study investigates the American policy, particularly after Oslo Accords
since it has been adopting the Israeli position towards refugees that calls for
ignoring their right of return.
This study reviews the historical background for the American policy towards
the issue of the Palestinian refugees where it has played a big role in
supporting as a homeland for the Jews. The thesis Reviews U.S policy
towards. Palestinian refugees, showing the orientations of the President Harry
Truman (1945-1952) before and after the occurrence of the Nakba in 1948, It
studies the policy of President Dwight Eisenhower (1952-1961) towards the
cause of the refugees, as well as addressing the policy of President John
Kennedy, and the policy of President Lyndon Johnson that considered the
resolution of the issue of the Palestinian refugees can be achieved through
resettlement and compensation and to be treated as humanitarian issue and
not as a political issue. It examines the policy of U.S. President Jimmy Carter
in 1976 who chonstituted resarding the Palestinian refugees as this policy and
for the first time considered the issue of the refugees as a nation and people
who need a homeland. Then it studies Reagan's Initiative in 1982 following
the Israeli invasion of Lebanon which aimed at striking the military and political presence of the Palestinian resistance, This initiative was based on
the idea of creating an entity of self-governance with Jordan. The research
further examine the position of President George HW Bush, and the
administration of President Bill Clinton. The international and regional
changes contributed to the adoption of the negotiation principle since 1991
between the conflicting parties (Arab states and Israel) under the auspices of
the United States. This formula adopted the need for the establishment of
apalestinian state in the areas that Israel will withdraw from and postponing
the issue of refugees to the final status negotiations.
The study is based on the assumption that the adherence of the Palestinian
refugees to the principle of their right of return will contribute to form a
radical change in the American position towards the issue of the Palestinian
refugees also that the adherence of the Palestinian Authority to the principle
of right of return in a practical and logical political manner will bear it's
fruit/results in the near future, also the adherence of the Palestinian Authority
to the principle of right of return do not contradict or make any conflict with
Peace Agreements that are signed with Israel, also that the failure of U.S
Administration to adopt and to support United Nations resolutions regarding
the issue of the refugees make the peace opportunities far and elusive.
The research focus in its theoretical framework on the Realist Theory that
have been used in analyzing the U.S. foreign policy towards the issue of the
Palestinian refugees in the period extending from 1948 to 2000.
The study has depended on the presentation and analysis of information on a
set of scientific methods that serve the conduct and flow of the research like
historical and analytical approach where the researcher will study and review
the previous published studies.
Description
Keywords
الدراسات الاقليمية , Regional Studies