الطرف الثالث في المفاوضات دور الولايات المتحدة في رعاية مشاريع التسوية في الصراع الفلسطيني - الإسرائيلي كامب ديفيد 2000 نموذجا
Date
2007-01-01
Authors
رويد عادل محمد ابو عمشة
Rowaid Adel Mohammad Abu Amsha
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
AL-Quds University
جامعة القدس
جامعة القدس
Abstract
This study examined the role of the third party in the negotiations and the role of
the US as a peace process sponsor in the settlement proposals suggested for a solution to
the Israeli-Palestinian struggle. To this end, the study examined the Camp David Summit
2000 as a case in point. Therefore, it tackled, with some detail, the works of the summit, which brought together the parties to the conflict, namely the Palestinians and the
Israelis, to conclude an agreement on the final settlement issues, and to put an end to the
conflict between the two sides. However, the summit ended in total failure.
Against this backdrop, the study began with a brief survey of the historical background of
the American policy towards the Palestinians, as well as the backgrounds and foundations
of this policy. The study traced the interest of the US in the Middle East from the
outbreak of the First World War until the launching of the peace process between the two
sides. It also surveyed briefly the peace process between the two sides which began at
Madrid conference in 1991 which culminated in the signing of the Declaration of
Principles agreement (Oslo Accords) in 1993 and the continuing of their bilateral
negotiations and the American role in them. Further, the study investigated the local, regional and international political circumstances, which had paved the way for the Camp
David Summit, and their impact on the summit s work and results. The study also dwelt
on the Camp David Summit 2000 and the circumstances of its holding and the position of
the two parties towards issues on the negotiating table and the role of the Americans in
the summit and the extent of playing the role of an honest broker during the summit. The study finally shed light on the outstanding issues and the stance of each party in an
attempt to explore the reasons for the summit s failure. The study s first hypothesis is that the absence American neutrality (impartiality) in
sponsoring the peace and its clear bias with Israel are the two reasons for the failure of
the Camp David Summit. The second hypothesis is that the Americans incompetent
running of the summit agenda and lack of careful preparation are also another two
reasons for the summit s failure.
The study used two methods: the descriptive analytical method as well as the historical
method. To these two ends, the researcher made an extensive review of relevant
literature.
After testing of the two hypotheses, it was found that the US has lost the most important
characteristic of a third party in the negotiations: neutrality or honest broker. It has
always adopted the Israeli position again and again and frankly. This US position has
encouraged Israel to remain suborn. In addition, the lack of careful preparation for the
Camp David Summit and the running of its work was also a reason for its failure.
The US acceptance to make the summit without terms of reference (international
community resolutions) for the two parties has helped the stronger party to try to impose
its agenda. The Israeli party, naturally, was the qualified party to exercise this role.
The most important implications, addressed to the Palestinian side, include the
importance of studying and understanding well the implications of the Israeli-American
relations as well the necessity of studying the American political system in terms of its
structure and mechanism of decision making. Another implication is to cling to the
international community resolutions as a reference for any future negotiations on
condition that these negotiations begin from last square and be preceded by preliminary
serious and intensive negotiations. The Palestinian side should also change the
Palestinian delegation for the future negotiations and train the technical teams, supporting
it in a professional manner and learning from past experiences.
Description
Keywords
الدراسات الاقليمية , Regional Studies