صورة الفلسطيني في الإعلام الأمريكي:مقارنة افتتاحيات صحيفة نيويورك تايمز 2004 كدراسة حالة - 1995 و 2002 - في الفترتين 1993
Date
2011-01-01
Authors
وداد حسين علي زبيدي
Widad Husain Ali Zubaidi
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
AL-Quds University
جامعة القدس
جامعة القدس
Abstract
The study aims to inform researchers, scholars and interested groups how the
media in general and the American newspapers, "The New York Times" in
particular, projects the Palestinians in their editorials. The Thesis provides an
original approach to the image of the Palestinian abroad and how "The New York
Times" projects his image and character by describing the content of newspaper
editorials analytical description during those periods, where each period is
characterized by a different political atmosphere from the other. The study shows
the extent to which decision-makers in the United States rely on the media. Also,
it shows the importance of the American public opinion and its role in the
political decision-making. The aim of the comparison is to find out whether
there is a change in the image of a Palestinian or, was it stable during the two
periods. And if there is change, why, and what are the reasons for this change?
The importance of this study derives from the fact that "The New York Times" is
one of the most influential newspapers in the United States, with wide
circulation, and plays a major role in shaping American public opinion. In
addition, its editorials express the perspective of the newspaper and the trends
towards a particular topic or important issue. Furthermore, the United States is
the sponsor of the peace process between the Palestinians and the Israelis, thus it
is of the utmost importance to know the rooted image of the Palestinians in the
American mind, whether it is that of a backward terrorist or a freedom fighter
for his homeland and self-determination and identity.
This study utilizes a combination of research methodologies: the Analytical
Descriptive Method, Comparative Method and Case Study to examine the
phenomenon under study through the description of texts, orientation,
nomenclature, to gain access to a description of the Palestinians in the media
discourse of the newspaper during the two periods of 1993-1995 and 2002 –
2004, analyzing and comparing them to present the fixed and variable.
The study deals with the theoretical framework and discusses the theories of the
media and stereotyping broadcast by the media and the impact of that image on
American public opinion. In addition, to presents previous studies that addressed
the subject of the study, Then it presents the role of American media in
influencing decision-makers in the White House and its role in shaping
American public opinion. It discusses the importance of the American media in
general, and that of "The New York Times" in particular. It identifies its owners
and their policies. Then it presents the description and analysis of the texts of
editorials of "The New York Times" in the period between 1993-1995 analyzed
quantity and quality, to show how it presents the image of the Palestinian and his
cause, and how it was dealt with during the signing of the Oslo Accords in 1993
and as a result the establishment of the Palestinian Authority. Also, the American
role in the negotiations between the Israelis and Palestinians on the issues of the
transitional period. It addressed a description of texts of the editorials of "The
New York Times" in the period between 2002-2004 to extract the image of the
Palestinian and its coverage during that period, after the failure of Camp David II
talks between the Palestinians and the Israelis under the sponsorship of the U.S,
the outbreak of the Second Intifada in the Palestinian territories, and the events
of September 11,2001.
It further offers a comparative analysis between the image of the Palestinian in
the editorials of "The New York Times" newspaper between the two periods
1993-1995 and 2002-2004, identifying the characteristics of that image and the
fixed and variable in the newspaper policy towards the Palestinians. The study
concludes that the stereotype image of the Palestinian remains the same during
the two periods as "The New York Times" characterized it as a "terrorist",
"undemocratic", "suicidal" and other negative images. The study shows that "
The New York Times" in its editorials reflects bias towards Israel, showing the
image of the Israelis as "democratic", "administrative" and "witty". The study
demonstrates that the Jewish ownership of the newspaper, led to promotion of
the interests of Israel through influencing public opinion and in turn, the
decision-makers in Washington against the Palestinians and their cause.
However, the change in the newspaper's policy was manifested in the amount of
coverage during the second period 2002-2004 because of a shift in American
foreign policy based on the political changes on national, regional and
international levels.
The study recommends a more active role by the Palestinians, Arabs and
Muslims to promote their message in the U.S in order to communicate a positive
image for the Palestinian people.
Description
Keywords
الدراسات الاقليمية , Regional Studies