الحزب الجمهوري والحزب الديمقراطي في الولايات المتحدة تاريخهما وبنيتهما ودورهما في النظام السياسي

Abstract

The Republican Party and The Democratic Party in the United States: Their history, Their structure and their role in the political system This study examines the political parties in the United States, since the emergence of political parties in 1796 until the present. It focuses on the origins of american political parties, taking into account the time period associated with the rise and evolution of these parties as a framework for the historical study . The study reviews the organizational structure of the Republican and Democratic parties at the state national level, and studies the role and functions of the political parties and their impact on the democratic and electoral process as well as the loyalty of citizens to these parties. The strength of the two-party system in u.s political system gives the United States power and political influence in world affairs,This lends importance to the study of American political parties. This study is divided into seven chapters, It relies on the historical method to know the history of the emergence of political parties in the U.S. in addition to the analytical method to examine the structure of these parties and their role in the u.s political system. The study concludes With an erafunction of the two dominant parties: the Republican and Democratic parties Whose mission is to win the elections.The two parties are semi-permanent because of the weakness of small parties, The republican party and the democratic party are not ideological in nature and many policies brings them together and few sets them apart. They are two sides of same coin and their differences is important for national interests and partisan, Both exerct much impact on the political system, Particularly, the Executive (Presidential) and the legislative (Congress) governmental branches.