تقييم تلوث المياه الجوفية ومياه الأمطار بالمعادن الثقيلة في في مناطق معينة من الضفة الغربية / فلسطين بواسطة جهاز مطياف الكتلة البلازمي ((ICP-MS.
Date
2014-04-27
Authors
حسام ظاهر نمر ملصة
Husam Thaher Nimer Malassa
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
AL-Quds University
جامعة القدس
جامعة القدس
Abstract
Surface and ground water contamination with heavy metals is one of the most important
environmental issues as they are toxic even at low concentrations. This study was
conducted to determine heavy metal concentrations in ground drinking water of north and
south West Bank in addition to harvested rain water in south West Bank. Water samples
were analyzed for different trace heavy metals (Tl, Pb, Bi, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ag
and Cd) and Al content by ICP/MS.
In North West Bank, three triplicates where obtained from five different wells. In South
West Bank, three triplicates from ten groundwater wells were obtained in four different
dates of the year (October 2012, November 2012, March 2013, and April 2013). The
samples were analyzed for their pH, Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, and
different trace metals content. The pH, Electrical Conductivity, and Total Dissolved Solids
of all water samples were found to be within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
guideline.
In South West Bank, Results showed that Pb, Al, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Mo were
detected in all water samples analyzed in this study, while Tl, Bi, Mn, Ag, and Cd were
detected in 80%, 88%, 90%, 75%, and 95% of the water samples analyzed in this study,
respectively. In general, 93% of all samples analyzed contained one or more of the 13
metals studied each in varying concentration. Furthermore, results showed that the
concentration of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Mo is within the allowed WHO limits in drinking
water. However the concentration of Pb, Cd, and Al are found to be higher than the
allowed WHO limits in 40%, 8%, and 33% of the water samples analyzed in this study,
respectively. Statistical analyses showed that concentrations of the metals studied were
varied significantly between the ten ground water wells in south West Bank, indicating that
the wells analyzed in this study is different from each other in terms of heavy metal
content. Additionally, from the statistical results obtained, it was found that there is a
significant difference in the concentration of the metals in each well during the wet and dry
season, denoting that metal concentration in the wells varies significantly with sampling
time.
At the North West Bank, Results showed that the concentration of trace metals (Cr, Mn,
Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Pb, Cd, and Al) is within the allowed WHO limits in drinking water (50,
500, 20, 2000, 3000, 70, 10, 3, and 200 µg/L, respectively), however six metals of them
X
(Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Mo, and Al) were detected in 100% of the samples, while Pb, Cd, and Zn
were detected in 80%, 60%, and 20% of the samples, respectively. On the other hand, Tl
which is a very toxic heavy metal with allowed WHO limits of 0.01-1 µg/L, is detected in
100% of the water samples analyzed with a range of 0.02-0.12 µg/L, which indicates that
such concentration level of Tl would be harmful for human being used these groundwater
for domestic purposes. In general, 82% of all samples analyzed contained one or more of
the 12 metals studied each in varying concentration.
Furthermore, harvested Rain water samples for drinking from West part of Hebron (south
of West Bank in Palestine), were analyzed for different trace heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Co,
Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ag, Cd, Bi, and Pb) content by ICP/MS. A total of 44 water samples per
houses cisterns were collected in November 2012 used to collect harvested rain water from
the houses roofs. Results showed that concentrations of the heavy metals vary significantly
between the 44 samples. Results also showed that the concentration of five heavy metals
(Cr, Mn, Ni, Ag, and Pb) were higher than the WHO limits for these heavy metals in
drinking water. The results obtained from this study suggest a possible risk to the
population of the study area given the toxicity of these metals, and the fact that for many
people in the study area, ground water and harvested rain water is a main source of their
water supply
Description
Keywords
الدراسات البيئية , Environmental Studies